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| 1 | 北半球冰冻圈变化及其对气候环境的影响显示文摘冰冻圈是气候系统的重要组成部分,其变化与影响已受到了全社会的普遍关注。本文介绍了北半球冰川、冻土、积雪、海冰近几十年来的时空变化规律,发现夏季在北极中央区出现海冰密集度极低的重要现象,阐明了冰川变化对水资源的影响,明确了积雪、海冰、冻土变化对气候的重要作用,并指出了今后需要进一步研究的问题。 | 王宁练 刘时银 吴青柏 赵林 李震 黄菲 康世昌 赵进平 周建民 罗斯琼 车涛 | 2015 | 中国基础科学2015，17，2： | 16 |
| 2 | 青藏高原可可西里盐湖水位上涨趋势及溃决风险分析显示文摘2011年位于可可西里腹地的卓乃湖溃决引起的盐湖水位上涨和面积增大趋势仍在快速发展。遥感资料显示,卓乃湖溃决后,盐湖面积持续增加,从2012年的134.1 km^2一直持续增大到2018年的197.5 km^2,尤其是2016-2018年增加较快,面积增加了42.0 km^2,即平均每年增加14.0 km^2。水位监测数据显示,2016年5月20日至2018年11月11日期间,盐湖水位共上升了8.241 m,年平均上升2.747 m。目前盐湖的面积仅比模拟的溢出面积小19.3~21.1 km^2;湖泊水位仅比分水岭最低处低4.09 m。按照2016-2018年面积和水位变化趋势,预计盐湖将在未来1~2年内可能发生溢水溃决。研究表明:近年来区域降水增加、卓乃湖溃决后地下水释放、上游湖泊出水口可能存在侵蚀扩大导致湖水继续向下输送等原因是导致盐湖水位持续上涨和面积快速增大的主要原因。利用水库溃坝预测分析模型,对盐湖溢水溃决冲沟形成时洪峰流量预测表明,盐湖溢水溃决时将形成巨大的洪峰流量,洪水将对青藏公路、青藏铁路和兰西拉光缆等造成危害,建议尽快开展盐湖潜在的湖水外溢途径地质条件调查,并设计防治措施。 | 刘文惠 谢昌卫 王武 张钰鑫 杨贵前 刘广岳 | 2019 | 冰川冻土2019，41，6： | 13 |
| 3 | 青藏高原中部典型下垫面活动层水热动态及其热扩散率研究显示文摘多年冻土活动层,尤其是浅层土壤的水热传输机制,以及冻融过程的时空异质性是研究地-气间能水交换的关键。利用位于青藏高原中部的唐古拉和通天河两个活动层观测场2013年的土壤温度和水分数据,比较了不同下垫面浅层土壤日冻融循环过程的差异,以及不同冻融阶段的地温日变化及热扩散率特征。结果表明:根据一日之内地温的正负波动,浅层土壤的冻融过程可以划分为解冻期、完全融化期、始冻期和完全冻结期四个时期,其中解冻期和始冻期统称为日冻融循环发生期。解冻期的持续天数和深度明显高于始冻期,高寒草原的日冻融循环天数和发生深度明显高于高寒草甸。浅层土壤(0~20cm)日地温变化普遍呈现明显的正弦波动趋势,且不同冻融阶段的振幅差异较大,由于相变的缘故,解冻期的日地温变化振幅最小。高寒草甸的日地温振幅显著低于高寒草原,说明日地温动态与土壤质地和土壤水分密切相关,植被作为热绝缘层,减弱了地温对气温波动的响应。地表下5~10cm的热扩散率显著大于10~20cm深度,且5-10月融化季的热扩散率显著大于冻结季。热传导对流方程可以描述多年冻土区典型下垫面在季节冻融循环周期内不同月份的水分迁移方向。 | 原黎明 赵林 胡国杰 马露 周华云 刘世博 乔永平 | 2020 | 冰川冻土2020，42，2： | 5 |
| 4 | Performance comparison of permafrost models in Wudaoliang Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China显示文摘Knowledge of the spatial distribution of permafrost and the effects of climate on ground temperature are important for land use and infrastructure development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP). Different permafrost models have been developed to simulate the ground temperature and active layer thickness(ALT). In this study, Temperature at Top of Permafrost(TTOP) model, Kudryavtsev model and modified Stefan solution were evaluated against detailed field measurements at four distinct field sites in the Wudaoliang Basin to better understand the applicability of permafrost models. Field data from 2012 to 2014 showed that there were notable differences in observed ground temperatures and ALTs within and among the sites. The TTOP model is relatively simple, however, when driven by averaged input values, it produced more accurate permafrost surface temperature(Tps) than the Kudryavtsev model. The modified Stefan solution resulted in a satisfactory accuracy of 90%, which was better than the Kudryavtsev model for estimating ALTs. The modified Stefan solution had the potential of being applied to climate-change studies in the future. Furthermore, additional field investigations over longer periods focusing on hydrology, which has significant influence on permafrost thaw, are necessary. These efforts should employ advanced measurement techniques to obtain adequate and extensive local parameters that will help improve model accuracy. | YIN Guo-an NIU Fu-jun LIN Zhan-ju LUO Jing LIU Ming-hao | 2016 | Journal of Mountain Science2016，13，7： | 3 |
| 5 | 西藏林芝地区农田土壤蒸发对大气温湿度的响应显示文摘蒸发是土-气界面上水分损失和水循环的重要组成因子,受到环境温湿度条件的强烈影响。为阐明高原背景条件下土壤蒸发速率对大气温湿度因子的响应,以西藏林芝农田裸地为研究对象,采用土壤H2O/CO2通量仪自动测定土壤表面水分蒸发速率、近地层气温、大气湿度等因子,并通过相关性分析研究变量间的相关关系。结果表明,土壤水分蒸发速率表现为单峰型日变化特征,最大值出现在午后14:00-15:00时,最小值出现在夜间,气温和大气湿度也表现相似的变化特征。土壤蒸发速率与气温之间呈极显著正相关关系(R>0.9,P<0.001),近地层大气湿度对土壤蒸发速率有极显著的正响应关系(R>0.7,P<0.001)。 | 刘合满 曹丽花 马和平 | 2013 | 生态科学2013，32，2： | 3 |
| 6 | Aboveground Biomass and Water Storage Allocation in Alpine Willow Shrubs in the Qilian Mountains in China显示文摘The aboveground biomass allocation and water relations in alpine shrubs can provide useful information on analyzing their ecological and hydrological functions in alpine regions. The objectives of this study were to compare the aboveground biomass allocation, water storage ratio and distribution between foliage/woody components,and to investigate factors affecting aboveground biomass allocation and water storage ratio in alpine willow shrubs in the Qilian Mountains, China. Three experimental sites were selected along distance gradients from the riverside in the Hulu watershed in the Qilian Mountains. The foliage, woody component biomass, and water allocation of Salix cupularis Rehd.and Salix oritrepha Schneid. shrubs were measured using the selective destructive method. The results indicated that the foliage component had higher relative water and biomass storage than the woody component in the upper part of the crown in individual shrubs. However, the woody component was the major biomass and water storage component in the whole shrub level for S. cupularis and S.oritrepha. Moreover, the foliage/woody component biomass ratio decreased from the top to the basal level of shrubs. The relative water storage allocation was significantly affected by species types, but was not affected by sites and interaction between species and sites. Meanwhile, relative water storage was affectedby sites as well as by interaction between sites and species type. | LIU Zhang-wen CHEN Ren-sheng SONG Yao-xuan HAN Chun-tan | 2015 | Journal of Mountain Science2015，12，1： | 2 |
| 7 | 青藏高原多年冻土区活动层土壤水分迁移研究进展显示文摘评述了高原活动层水分的野外观测和参数化方案.其中,基于观测数据的数理统计,无法准确获取较大时空尺度上活动层水分迁移特征.为此,通过是否分别考虑未冻结和冻结状态两条途径,建立了4类活动层水分参数化方案:1基于土壤含水量的Clapp-Hornberger公式等;2引入土壤温度的克拉贝龙方程与Clapp-Hornberger公式耦合;3引入冰的阻塞作用;4通过土壤温度和含冰量修正的Clapp-Hornberger推广式.但这些方案对冻结期的水分迁移模拟结果并不理想,仍需进一步的改进. | 王蔚华 吴通华 李韧 谢昌卫 朱小凡 | 2017 | 西北师范大学学报(自然科学版)2017，53，1： | 1 |
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