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| 1 | 温度升高和干旱对农田生态系统水碳交换动态影响的研究进展显示文摘气候变化是威胁全球农业可持续发展的重要因素之一。温度升高和干旱等极端天气频发是全球气候变化的主要体现方式。温度升高显著影响土壤-作物系统的表现和功能。深入理解温度升高和干旱对农田水碳动态的影响机理,需要揭示农田生态系统功能与环境因子间的互作关系及其尺度转化效应。本文从以下几个方面综述了升温和干旱胁迫对农田生态水碳动态的影响:(1)全球气候变化及其影响因素分析;(2)温度升高、干旱胁迫以及其他气候变化因子对农田生态系统水碳动态的影响;(3)存在问题与未来研究方向。文献显示,世界人口增加、化石燃料燃烧碳排放量增加等致使气候变暖,在此背景下,引发的气温上升以及干旱频率增加都会对农田生态系统水碳动态有一定程度的影响。温度升高改变农田生态系统的生物量积累,同时影响作物生长和水分利用过程。此外,温度升高加快了土壤活性有机碳的转化和固存。干旱条件下会降低植物光合速率、呼吸速率以及蒸腾速率,同时,在极端干旱条件下水分利用效率也会随之降低;干旱还显著影响土壤碳转化过程与排放通量。气候变化也会伴随降水格局变化,进一步会影响土壤呼吸作用,降水增加会抑制土壤呼吸,从而减缓农田水碳循环过程。然而,目前关于增温和干旱条件下农田水碳动态的研究等方面仍存在一些不足,如对单一环境因子的研究较多,而对多重胁迫的研究较少。在今后的研究中,需加强多因素(如水分、温度等)对农田生态系统水碳动态方面的研究,以期为深入认识温度和干旱对农田生态系统的影响机理提供理论支撑。 | 李倩 高阳 王洪博 王兴鹏 杨莹攀 | 2021 | 灌溉排水学报2021，40，12： | 4 |
| 2 | 干旱胁迫和钾肥对油菜苗期生物量和水分利用特征的影响显示文摘以西南地区广泛种植的8个油菜品种为材料,研究不同水分和钾肥处理对油菜苗期生长和水分利用特征的影响。结果表明,与正常水分处理(W2)相比,干旱处理(W1)严重抑制油菜苗期生长,生物量在干旱期和复水期分别降低了43.7%和36.3%;干旱胁迫下提高钾肥水平显著促进了油菜生物量的提高(P<0.05),油菜生物量在干旱和复水期较低钾处理分别提高了16.1%和11.9%。与W2处理相比,W1处理的水分利用效率在干旱期和复水期分别下降了8.0%和17.8%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05);与低钾水平相比,干旱胁迫下提高钾肥水平可促进水分利用效率的提高,在干旱期和复水期分别提高了14.3%和6.4%,在干旱期差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。水分利用效率与蒸腾效率呈极显著正相关,与蒸发/蒸腾比呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。干旱胁迫下,油菜蒸腾效率显著提高,而蒸发蒸腾量显著降低(P<0.05),其中蒸腾量在干旱期和复水期分别下降了60.9%和35.3%,蒸发/蒸腾比大幅度提高,大部分的水分通过蒸发散失而非植株利用,导致水分利用效率降低。干旱胁迫下钾肥利用效率降低,钾吸收量减少;提高钾肥的施用水平,钾肥利用效率降低,但钾吸收量提高。对W1处理的各生理指标进行主成分分析,可提取出2个主成分,油研10、油研57和油研817具有较高的综合得分,在干旱胁迫下具有较大生物量、水分利用效率、蒸腾量、钾肥利用效率和钾吸收量,表现出较强的抗旱性。 | 朱波 徐绮雯 马淑敏 张小短 邢毅 王龙昌 | 2019 | 干旱地区农业研究2019，37，6： | 3 |
| 3 | 中国东北地区自然植被水分利用效率对干旱的响应(英文)显示文摘Drought has become a problem that is universally faced by global terrestrial ecosystems. Northeast China is located in a region sensitive to global climate changes, and one of the main impacts of climate changes in Northeast China is manifested as drought in growing seasons. This study analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution law of the water use efficiency(WUE) of the main natural vegetation(i.e., cold-temperate coniferous forests, temperate pine-broad-leaved mixed forests, warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests, and grasslands) in Northeast China based on public MODIS data products, including MCD12 Q1, MOD15 A2 H, MOD16 A2, and MOD17 A3 H, and meteorological data from 2002 to 2013. The influence of drought events on the WUE of different vegetation types and their response to drought events are also investigated. The study findings are as follows:(1) drought in Northeast China frequently occurs in the regions stretching from 114.55°E to 120.90°E, and the percentage of drought area among the forests is lower than that among the grasslands during these years;(2) the annual average WUE of the natural vegetation ranges from 0.82 to 1.08 C/kg^(-1) H_2O, and the WUE of forests(0.82 to 1.08 C/kg^(-1) H_2O) is universally higher than that of grasslands(0.84 to 0.99 C/kg^(-1) H_2O);(3) in 2008, the regions where the WUE in drought conditions is higher than that in normal water conditions account for 86.11% of the study area, and a significant linear positive correlation is found between the WUE in drought conditions and the WUE in normal water conditions, whereas the degree of drought does not influence the WUE of the natural vegetation in an obviously linear manner; and(4) the WUE for the cold-temperate coniferous forests and temperate pine-broad-leaved mixed forests with a high ET or low NPP is more likely to rise in drought conditions; the WUE for the grasslands with a low Evapotranspiration(ET), Net Primary Production(NPP), and Leaf Area Index(LAI) is more likely to rise in drought conditions; and the ET, NPP, and LAI have no significant influence on the WUE for the warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests in drought conditions. This study contributes to improving the evaluation of the influence of drought on natural ecosystems. | 刘丹 于成龙 赵放 | 2018 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2018，28，5： | 3 |
| 4 | Improvement in winter wheat productivity through regulating PSⅡ photochemistry,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence under deficit irrigation conditions显示文摘Deficit irrigation is critical to global food production,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions with low precipitation.Given water shortage has threatened agricultural sustainability under the dry-land farming system in China,there is an urgent need to develop effective water-saving technologies.We carried out a field study under two cultivation techniques:(1) the ridge and furrow cultivation model(R);and(2) the conventional flat farming model(F),and three simulated precipitation levels(1,275 mm;2,200 mm;3,125 mm) with two deficit irrigation levels(150 and 75 mm).We demonstrated that under the ridge furrow(R) model,rainfall harvesting planting under 150 mm deficit irrigation combined with 200 mm simulated precipitation can considerably increase net photosynthesis rate(P_(n)),quantum yield of PSII(ΦPSⅡ),electron transport rate(ETR),performance index of photosynthetic PSII(F_(v)/F_(m)′),and transformation energy potential of PSII(F_(v)/F_(o)).In addition,during the jointing,anthesis and grain-filling stages,the grain and biomass yield in the R model are 18.9 and 11.1% higher than those in the flat cultivation model,respectively,primarily due to improved soil water contents.The winter wheat fluorescence parameters were significantly positively associated with the photosynthesis,biomass and wheat production.The result suggests that the R cultivation model with irrigation of 150 mm and simulated precipitation of 200 mm is an effective planting method for enhancing P_(n),biomass,wheat production,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in dry-land farming areas. | Shahzad ALI XU Yue-yue MA Xiang-cheng JIA Qian-min JIA Zhi-kuan | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，3： | 2 |
| 5 | Photomorphogenesis——from One Photoreceptor to 14:40 Years of Progress显示文摘 | Winslow R. Briggs Chen-Tao Lin | 2012 | Molecular Plant2012，5，3： | 1 |
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