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| 1 | 劳动力转移对农户煤炭消费量的影响研究——陕西农村的实证调查显示文摘中国农村经济快速发展,劳动力转移人数增多带来农民收入增加,煤炭等能源消费量也在不断发生变化。利用陕西省农村地区'劳动力转移与农村生活能源调查'数据,运用Tobit回归模型研究劳动力转移在农户煤炭消费量的影响。研究发现劳动力转移人数的增加显著地降低了农户煤炭消费量;劳动力转移收入的增加显著地提升了农户煤炭消费量;劳动力转移收入占家庭总收入的比重越高则农户煤炭消费量越低;最后为提高农民收入和煤炭的使用效率以及新农村建设发展提出建议。 | 王萍 郑亚男 谷敬革 | 2016 | 西安科技大学学报2016，36，4： | 8 |
| 2 | In vitro immunotoxicity of untreated and treated urbanwastewaters using various treatment processes to rainbow trout leucocytes显示文摘Municipal effluents are known to impede the immune system of aquatic organisms. The purpose of this studywas to examine the immunotoxicity of urbanwastewaters before and after 6 treatment processes from 12 cities toward trout leucocytes. Freshly prepared trout leucocyteswere exposed to increasing concentrations of solid phase (C18) extracts ofwastewaters for24 hr at 15°C. Immunocompetencewasdetermined by following changes in leucocyte viability and the proportion of cells able to ingest at least one (immunoactivity) and at least three (immunoefficiency) fluorescent beads. The influentswere treated by sixdifferent treatment strategies consisting of facultative aerated lagoons, activated sludge, biological aerated filter, biological nutrient removal, chemically-assisted physical treatment and trickling filter/solid contact. Water quality parameters of thewastewaters revealed that the plants effectively removed total suspended solids and reduced the chemical oxygendemand. The results revealed that the effluents' immunotoxic propertieswere generally more influenced by the properties of the untreatedwastewaters than by the treatment processes. About half of the incoming influentsdecreased leucocyte viabilitywhile4 treatment plantswere able to reduce toxicity. The influents readily increased phagocytosis activity for 8/12 influentswhile itwasdecreased in4/12 influents. This increasewas abolished for4/12 of the effluents using treatments involving biological and oxidative processes. In conclusion, municipal effluents have the potential to alter the immune system in fish and more researchwill be needed to improve the treatments ofwastewaters to better protect the quality of the aquatic environment. | Franois Gagné Marlène Fortier Michel Fournier Shirley-Anne Smyth | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013，25，7： | 0 |
| 3 | Field investigation of antibiotic removal efficacies in different hospital wastewater treatment processes in Thailand显示文摘The removal efficacies of 19 antibiotics in different hospital wastewater treatment processes(WWTP)were investigated at various sizes of 60 hospitals across Thailand.The results showed slight differences in the total antibiotic removals(79e84%)among WWTP sizes.High antibiotics loading to all WWTP were amoxicillin,ciprofloxacin,tetracycline ampicillin,and norfloxacin,respectively.Amoxicillin and ampicillin were eliminated highly(90e99%)in every size of WWTP,while various efficacies showed for other antibiotics(0e93%).According to process comparison,activated sludge(CAS),oxidation ditch(OD),and sequencing batch reactor(SBR)systems showed similar removals of overall antibiotics(P>0.05).The attached growth systems such as submerged aerated fixed-film(SAFF)demonstrated relatively lower antibiotic removals.The natural processes such as aerated lagoon(AL),facultative pond(FP),and constructed wetland(CW)presented substantial biodegradation of some recalcitrant antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones,sulfamethoxazole,and trimethoprim.Post-chlorination provided additional elimination of some antibiotics such as amoxicillin and ampicillin.Finally,the top-five of antibiotics released into the water environment via discharged effluent are amoxicillin,tetracycline,ampicillin,ciprofloxacin,and imipenem,respectively,which mainly from the suspended growth systems. | Wilai Chiemchaisri Chart Chiemchaisri Nutta Sangnarin Hamjinda Chisanupong Jeensalute Preeyanuch Buranapakdee Visanu Thamlikitkul | 2022 | Emerging Contaminants2022，8，1： | 0 |
| 4 | Effects of a municipal effluent on the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum显示文摘The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of exposure to a pathogenic bacteria and municipal effluent in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Mussels were exposed to increasing concentrations of an ozone-treated effluent at 15°C for 7 days. A sub-group of mussels was inoculated with Vibrio anguillarum and exposed to the same conditions as above.After the exposure period, mussels were collected to assess hemocyte count and viability,immunocompetence(phagocytosis and nitrite production), oxidative stress/inflammation(cyclooxygenase and lipid peroxidation) and oxygen radical/xenobiotic scavenging activity(metallothioniens, glutathione S-transferase). The results showed that mussels exposed to municipal effluent had increased hemocyte counts, phagocytosis, nitrites, lipid peroxidation and metallothioneins. In the inoculated mussels, the same responses were observed, in addition to cyclooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase activities. Multivariate analyses revealed that(1)the response pattern changed with effluent concentration, where increased responses observed at low effluent concentrations(>10%, V/V) were attenuated at higher effluent concentrations,(2)the effluent produced more pronounced changes in lipid peroxidation, metallothionein and hemocyte viability, and(3) the simultaneous presence of V. anguillarum led to more important changes in hemocyte count and viability and nitrite levels. In conclusion, the presence of V.anguillarum could alter the response of mussels to municipal effluent, which could lead to increased inflammation in mussels. | Gagne Francois Douville Melanie Fortier Marlene Fournier Michel | 2015 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2015，27，11： | 0 |
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