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| 1 | 模拟降雨条件下生物结皮坡面产流产沙对雨强的响应显示文摘生物结皮是黄土丘陵区退耕地广泛存在的地被物.本研究通过人工模拟降雨试验分析了雨强对生物结皮坡面产流产沙的影响.结果表明:生物结皮坡面产流产沙随降雨历时的延长先增加、10~18 min趋于平稳.相对于裸土坡面,生物结皮显著延长了坡面初始产流时间,抑制了坡面产流产沙,可降低21%~78%的坡面径流量和77%~95%的产沙量.雨强主要通过影响生物结皮坡面径流而影响其产沙.随着雨强的增加,生物结皮坡面产流产沙与雨强的相关性出现了由不显著相关向显著相关的转折,雨强>1.5 mm·min^(-1)时,生物结皮坡面的减流减沙作用随着雨强的增加而降低.本研究结果为降雨条件下生物结皮坡面产流产沙过程的模型模拟奠定了基础. | 谢申琦 高丽倩 赵允格 郭玥微 | 2019 | 应用生态学报2019，30，2： | 14 |
| 2 | Biological soil crust distribution in Artemisia ordosica communities along a grazing pressure gradient in Mu Us Sandy Land, Northern China显示文摘This study investigated the distribution pattern of biological soil crust (BSC) in Artemisia ordosica communities in Mu Us Sandy Land. Three experimental sites were selected according to grazing pressure gradient. In each experimental site, the total vegetation cover, A. ordosica cover, BSC cover, litter-fall cover, BSC degree of fragmentation, BSC thickness and soil properties were investigated in both fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes and simultaneously analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that at the same grazing pressure, BSC cover and composition were significantly affected by the fixation degree of sand dunes. In addition, BSC cover in the fixed sand dunes was 83.74% on average, whereas it is proportionally dominated by 28% mosses, 21% lichens, and 51% algae. Meanwhile, BSC cover in the semi-fixed sand dunes was 23.54% on average, which is proportionally dominated by 6.3% mosses, 2.5% lichens, and 91.2% algae. Fine sand, organic matter, and total nitrogen (N) contents in the fixed sand dunes were all significantly higher than those in the semi-fixed sand dunes. Litter-fall cover decreased along the grazing pressure gradient, whereas BSC fragmentation degree increased. Fine sand content decreased along with the increase of grazing pressure, whereas medium sand content increased in both fixed and semi-fixed dunes. The organic matter and total N contents in the no grazing site were significantly higher than those in light and normal grazing sites. However, there were no significant differences between the light and normal grazing sites. In addition, there were also no significant differences in BSC thickness between the light and normal grazing sites in the fixed sand dunes. However, a significant decrease was observed in both BSC cover and thickness in the normal grazing site. The BSC in the semi-fixed dunes was more sensitive to disturbance. | JunHong ZHANG Bo WU YongHua LI WenBin YANG YaKai LEI HaiYan HAN Ji HE | 2013 | Journal of Arid Land2013，5，2： | 10 |
| 3 | 黄土丘陵区生物结皮坡面产流产沙与其分布格局的关联显示文摘生物结皮在黄土丘陵区退耕地广泛发育,并在干扰等因素下形成不同分布格局。为明确生物结皮分布格局对坡面产流产沙的影响,采用模拟降雨试验研究了生物结皮条带状、棋盘状和随机3种分布格局对坡面产流产沙的影响,借助景观生态学方法,计算了生物结皮斑块的分布格局指数,解析了生物结皮分布格局与坡面产流产沙的关联。结果表明,(1)生物结皮分布格局显著影响坡面初始产流时间、径流率和土壤侵蚀速率。相同盖度条件下,生物结皮坡面的随机分布格局较带状和棋盘式分布格局显著降低了坡面径流量和产沙量,其径流率与土壤侵蚀速率分别是带状格局的71.7%、12.9%,是棋盘格局的89.6%、31.8%。(2)坡面径流率与生物结皮斑块最大斑块指数、斑块连结度呈极显著负相关,与分离度呈极显著正相关,与景观分裂指数呈显著正相关。(3)土壤侵蚀速率与生物结皮斑块最大斑块指数、斑块连结度呈显著负相关,与景观分裂指数、分离度呈显著正相关。(4)坡面径流率(Y1)和土壤侵蚀速率(Y2)与分离度(SPLIT,Splitting Index)的关系式为:Y1=1.116+0.017SPLIT,R2:0.957;Y2=22.767+17.936SPLIT,R2:0.801。(5)以上结果表明分布格局主要是通过影响生物结皮在坡面的分离度进而影响坡面产流产沙,随着生物结皮斑块分离度增大,生物结皮斑块破碎度增大,坡面产流产沙增多。从分布格局的角度解析了生物结皮对产流、产沙的影响,量化了生物结皮坡面径流率与侵蚀率与格局指数之间的关系,为量化认识生物结皮的水土保持功能提供了科学依据。 | 吉静怡 赵允格 杨凯 张万涛 王闪闪 | 2021 | 生态学报2021，41，4： | 10 |
| 4 | 生物土壤结皮对毛乌素沙地油蒿群落土壤水分的影响显示文摘为进一步探究毛乌素沙地油蒿群落内结皮对土壤水分的影响,研究了结皮(地衣结皮和苔藓结皮)未受干扰和移除处理下的土壤水分入渗、蒸发及含水量状况。结果显示:1)两种结皮均对土壤水分入渗具有抑制作用,移除两种结皮后,土壤水分初渗速率、稳渗速率以及累积入渗量均显著增大(P<0.05);2)结皮对土壤蒸发的影响与结皮类型及蒸发阶段有关,地衣结皮对整个蒸发过程中日蒸发量及蒸发总量无显著影响(P>0.05),而苔藓结皮对土壤日蒸发量的影响在模拟蒸发前期表现为抑制(第1~5天),后期表现为促进(第6~15天),但对总蒸发量的影响不显著(P>0.05);3)总体来看,地衣结皮覆盖区0~40 cm土层含水量高于地衣结皮移除区,而苔藓样地规律则相反。从不同土层来看,相比于移除结皮,地衣结皮覆盖区40 cm深度以上各层土壤含水量均较高,苔藓结皮覆盖区土壤含水量在5和10 cm深度较高,20和40 cm较低。研究结果表明,地衣结皮提高了油蒿群落土壤水分有效性,应对其进行保护;苔藓结皮降低了油蒿种群土壤水分有效性,却提高了浅根系草本土壤水分有效性,这是驱动油蒿群落演替的重要因素之一。研究在为毛乌素沙地油蒿群落提供水分管理依据的同时,也从土壤水分方面为该群落的演替提供一定解释。 | 王莉 秦树高 张宇清 吴斌 冯薇 刘军 白宇轩 佘维维 | 2017 | 北京林业大学学报2017，39，3： | 7 |
| 5 | 油蒿群落生物结皮对降水入渗过程的影响显示文摘使用EC-5土壤水分传感器,监测油蒿群落固定沙地上生物结皮覆盖完好(BSC)和去除生物结皮(NBSC)情况下不同深度土层对不同降水事件的响应及整个雨季的土壤水分特征.研究结果如下:无论降水量大小,相同深度BSC的响应时间均显著大于NBSC;在同一降水事件中,BSC的初始入渗系数和平均入渗系数均显著低于NBSC;在小降水事件时,这种阻碍作用表现得更为明显.油蒿的吸收根主要分布在40 cm以上土层中,而生物结皮的发育对小于20 mm的降水事件具有较强的阻碍作用;在研究区降水事件以小于20 mm降水为主的情况下,导致40 cm以内土壤水分恶化,久之将导致固定沙地油蒿群落的衰退;研究区降水格局的改变将对土壤水分及植被演替产生重要影响. | 张军红 吴波 | 2014 | 中国科学院大学学报(中英文)2014，31，2： | 7 |
| 6 | 宇宙射线中子法在西北农牧交错带土壤水分测量中的适用性研究显示文摘准确监测土壤水分在水文学和生态学研究中至关重要.宇宙射线中子传感器(CRNS)能测量田间尺度上的区域平均土壤水分,填补了原位观测与遥感反演之间的空间尺度缺陷.但是其在中国西北农牧交错带这样一个数据缺乏的干旱-半干旱地区的适用性研究还很缺乏.本研究校准并评估了CRNS(标准N0方法)估算土壤水分的性能.结果显示CRNS和烘干法土壤水分之间的皮尔逊相关系数(RP)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.904和0.016m3m–3.这意味着CRNS能够很好地估计研究区的平均土壤水分.与原位观测网(ECH2O)测量的土壤水分相比,CRNS对环境中水分的变化更加敏感,表现为降雨时的高估和土壤干燥时的低估.标准校准方程(N0方法)中的三个形状参数a0、a1、a2在本研究区适用性受限,对其进行经验校准提高了CRNS土壤水分估算的准确性.由于缺少低烘干法土壤水分数据,因此在极端干燥的条件下,校准后的N0方法性能依旧不好.此外,包括植被生物量、林冠截留和广泛发育的生物土壤结皮在内的地上生物量增加了CRNS土壤水分估算的不确定性.需要考虑这些生物量的影响,以进一步提高CRNS在如中国西北农牧交错带这类数据缺乏地区中估算土壤水分的准确性. | 谈幸燕 张兰慧 贺缠生 朱昱作 韩智博 李旭亮 | 2020 | 中国科学:地球科学2020，50，11： | 3 |
| 7 | Applicability of cosmic-ray neutron sensor for measuring soil moisture at the agricultural-pastoral ecotone in northwest China显示文摘Accurate monitoring of soil moisture is crucial in hydrological and ecological studies.Cosmic-ray neutron sensors(CRNS)measure area-average soil moisture at field scale,filling a spatial scale gap between in-situ observations and remote sensing measurements.However,its applicability has not been assessed in the agricultural-pastoral ecotone,a data scarce semiarid and arid region in Northwest China(APENC).In this study,we calibrated and assessed the CRNS(the standard N0 method)estimates of soil moisture.Results show that Pearson correlation coefficient,RP,and the root mean square error(RMSE)between the CRNS soil moisture and the gravimetric soil moisture are 0.904 and less than 0.016 m3 m–3,respectively,indicating that the CRNS is able to estimate the area-average soil moisture well at our study site.Compared with the in-situ sensor network measurements(ECH2O sensors),the CRNS is more sensitive to the changes in moisture in its footprint,which overestimates and underestimates the soil moisture under precipitation and dry conditions,respectively.The three shape parameters a0,a1,a2 in the standard calibration equation(N0 method)are not well suited to the study area.The calibrated parameters improved the accuracy of the CRNS soil moisture estimates.Due to the lack of low gravimetric soil moisture data,performance of the calibrated N0 function is still poor in the extremely dry conditions.Moreover,aboveground biomass including vegetation biomass,canopy interception and widely developed biological soil crusts adds to the uncertainty of the CRNS soil moisture estimates.Such biomass impacts need to be taken into consideration to further improve the accuracy of soil moisture estimation by the CRNS in the data scarce areas such as agricultural-pastoral ecotone in Northwest China. | Xingyan TAN Lanhui ZHANG Chansheng HE Yuzuo ZHU Zhibo HAN Xuliang LI | 2020 | Science China Earth Sciences2020，63，11： | 2 |
| 8 | 微地形对高寒固沙植物水分利用特征的影响显示文摘水是植物生存最主要的限制因子,对沙区植物水分利用的研究已成为沙地生态保护和植被恢复的关键。本文以青海湖湖东沙地3种典型固沙植物——樟子松、小叶杨、沙棘为研究对象,基于氢氧稳定同位素技术(δ^(18)O和δD),结合IsoSource模型,对微地形影响下的各潜在水源(不同层次的土壤水)及植物主要水分来源进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)土壤含水量具有微地形差异,表现在迎风坡低地土壤含水量高于沙丘顶部和迎风坡中部,且9月土壤含水量处在最高值。(2)木质部水的δ^(18)O值在不同微地形条件下具有树种差异性,樟子松在迎风坡低地的δ^(18)O值最小,而沙棘和小叶杨在迎风坡中部的δ^(18)O值最小。(3)不同植物的主要水分来源具有较为明显的季节差异,6月樟子松和沙棘在不同微地形条件下均以深层土壤水为主要水分来源,而小叶杨在沙丘顶部主要利用深层土壤水,在迎风坡中部和低地对中层土壤水的利用较大,但随着降水量的增加,9月各树种转而主要利用浅层和中层土壤水。总而言之,高寒沙地固沙植物的水分利用模式受微地形条件的影响,且不同物种对降水表现出不同程度的响应。 | 范明彦 田丽慧 周海 | 2024 | 干旱区研究2024，41，1： | 0 |
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