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| 1 | Pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis显示文摘Liver cirrhosis is the final pathological result of various chronic liver diseases,and fibrosis is the precursor of cirrhosis.Many types of cells,cytokines and miRNAs are involved in the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.Activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)is a pivotal event in fibrosis.Defenestration and capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are major contributing factors to hepatic dysfunction in liver cirrhosis.Activated Kupffer cells destroy hepatocytes and stimulate the activation of HSCs.Repeated cycles of apoptosis and regeneration of hepatocytes contribute to pathogenesis of cirrhosis.At the molecular level,many cytokines are involved in mediation of signaling pathways that regulate activation of HSCs and fibrogenesis.Recently,miRNAs as a post-transcriptional regulator have been found to play a key role in fibrosis and cirrhosis.Robust animal models of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis,as well as the recently identified critical cellular and molecular factors involved in the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis will facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for these conditions. | Wen-Ce Zhou Quan-Bao Zhang Liang Qiao | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 67 |
| 2 | Targeting inflammation in diabetes: Newer therapeutic options显示文摘Inflammation has been recognised to both decrease beta cell insulin secretion and increase insulin resis-tance. Circulating cytokines can affect beta cell function directly leading to secretory dysfunction and increased apoptosis. These cytokines can also indirectly affect beta cell function by increasing adipocyte inflamma-tion.The resulting glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity further enhance the inflammatory process resulting in a vicious cycle. Weight reduction and drugs such as metformin have been shown to decrease the levels of C-Reactive Protein by 31% and 13%, respectively. Pioglitazone, insulin and statins have anti-inflammatory effects. In-terleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists are in trials and NSAIDs such as salsalate have shown an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Inhibition of 12-lipo-oxygenase, histone de-acetylases, and activation of sirtuin-1 are upcoming molecular targets to reduce in-flammation. These therapies have also been shown to decrease the conversion of pre-diabetes state to diabe-tes. Drugs like glicazide, troglitazone, N-acetylcysteine and selective COX-2 inhibitors have shown benefit in diabetic neuropathy by decreasing inflammatory mark-ers. Retinopathy drugs are used to target vascular en-dothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-2, various protein-ases and chemokines. Drugs targeting the proteinases and various chemokines are pentoxifylline, inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappa B and mammalian target of rapa-mycin and are in clinical trials for diabetic nephropathy. Commonly used drugs such as insulin, metformin, per-oxisome proliferator-activated receptors, glucagon like peptide-1 agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors also decrease inflammation. Anti-inflammatory thera-pies represent a potential approach for the therapy of diabetes and its complications. | Neeraj Kumar Agrawal Saket Kant | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，5： | 41 |
| 3 | What is the role of adiponectin in obesity related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as the most common type of chronic liver disease in Western countries.Insulin resistance is a key factor in the pathogenesis of NAFLD,the latter being considered as the hepatic component of insulin resistance or obesity.Adiponectin is the most abundant adipose-specific adipokine.There is evidence that adiponectin decreases hepatic and systematic insulin resistance,and attenuates liver inflammation and fibrosis.Adiponectin generally predicts steatosis grade and the severity of NAFLD;however,to what extent this is a direct effect or related to the presence of more severe insulin resistance or obesity remains to be addressed.Although there is no proven pharmacotherapy for the treatment of NAFLD,recent therapeutic strategies have focused on the indirect upregulation of adiponectin through the administration of various therapeutic agents and/or lifestyle modifications.In this adiponectin-focused review,the pathogenetic role and the potential therapeutic benefits of adiponectin in NAFLD are analyzed systematically. | Carmine Finelli Giovanni Tarantino | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，6： | 29 |
| 4 | Pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis:The link between hypercortisolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Based on the available literature,non alcoholic fatty liver disease or generally speaking,hepatic steatosis,is more frequent among people with diabetes and obesity,and is almost universally present amongst morbidly obese diabetic patients.Non alcoholic fatty liver disease is being increasingly recognized as a common liver condition in the developed world,with non alcoholic steatohepatitis projected to be the leading cause of liver transplantation.Previous data report that only 20%of patients with Cushing’s syndrome have hepatic steatosis.Aiming at clarifying the reasons whereby patients suffering from Cushing’s syndrome-a condition characterized by profound metabolic changes-present low prevalence of hepatic steatosis,the Authors reviewed the current concepts on the link between hypercortisolism and obesity/metabolic syndrome.They hypothesize that this low prevalence of fat accumulation in the liver of patients with Cushing’s syndrome could result from the inhibition of the so-called low-grade chronicinflammation,mainly mediated by Interleukin 6,due to an excess of cortisol,a hormone characterized by an anti-inflammatory effect.The Cushing’s syndrome,speculatively considered as an in vivo model of the hepatic steatosis,could also help clarify the mechanisms of non alcoholic fatty liver disease. | Giovanni Tarantino Carmine Finelli | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，40： | 16 |
| 5 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and aging: Epidemiology to management显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is common in the elderly, in whom it carries a more substantial burden of hepatic(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) and extra-hepatic manifestations and complications(cardiovascular disease, extrahepatic neoplasms) than in younger age groups. Therefore, proper identification and management of this condition is a major task for clinical geriatricians and geriatric hepatologists. In this paper, the epidemiology and pathophysiology of this condition are reviewed, and a full discussion of the link between NAFLD and the aspects that are peculiar to elderly individuals is provided; these aspects include frailty, multimorbidity, polypharmacy and dementia. The proper treatment strategy will have to consider the peculiarities of geriatric patients, so a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory. Non-pharmacological treatment(diet and physical exercise) has to be tailored individually considering the physical limitations of most elderly people and the need for an adequate caloric supply. Similarly, the choice of drug treatment must carefully balance the benefits and risks in terms of adverse events and pharmacological interactions in the common context of both multiple health conditions and polypharmacy. In conclusion, further epidemiological and pathophysiological insight is warranted. More accurate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of geriatric NAFLD will help in identifying the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach for individual elderly patients. | Marco Bertolotti Amedeo Lonardo Chiara Mussi Enrica Baldelli Elisa Pellegrini Stefano Ballestri Dante Romagnoli Paola Loria | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，39： | 15 |
| 6 | 妊娠期糖尿病胰岛素抵抗与铁蛋白及游离脂肪酸的相关性研究显示文摘目的探讨高浓度铁蛋白、游离脂肪酸与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)的相关性。方法 2011年6月至2012年6月该院GDM患者(患者组)采用个体匹配,按照1∶1比例选取对照,即调查每一例病例的同时,调查1例年龄相同、孕周相同的孕妇作为对照(对照组)。比较2组研究对象高浓度铁蛋白、游离脂肪酸与GDM HOMA-IR的相关性。结果 2组研究对象的HOMA-IR指数、胰岛β(HOMA-β)细胞分泌功能指数比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者组铁蛋白浓度[(50.30±25.32)μg/L]与对照组[(23.60±12.96)μg/L]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者组游离脂肪酸浓度[(384.73±29.60)μmol/L]与对照组[(252.62±19.41)μmol/L]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以HOMA-IR为因变量,研究对象资料为自变量,进行Logistic回归分析,提示铁蛋白、游离脂肪酸的OR值分别为1.340、1.030,B为正值(P<0.05)。结论 GDM女性体内高浓度铁蛋白、游离脂肪酸与胰岛素抵抗有关。 | 宋庆雷 李欣 | 2016 | 检验医学与临床2016，13，3： | 11 |
| 7 | 体检人群肥胖超重流行现状及与高血压和高血脂脂肪肝的关系显示文摘目的了解河北省人群超重、肥胖的现状,探讨体重指数与血压、血脂水平、脂肪肝的关系。方法对2011年河北省体检中心的体检人员49 083人进行研究,测量身高、体重、血压、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、计算体重指数,结合肝脏超声检查分析超重、肥胖与血压、血脂、脂肪肝的关系。结果体检人员中男27 907人(56.86%)、女21 176人(43.14%),男女肥胖率分别为21.79%、9.86%,超重率分别为45.19%、28.96%。肥胖组及超重组与正常组比较,高血压的发病率明显升高,且Ⅰ、Ⅱ期高血压的发病率也明显增加;TC、TG的水平明显升高,HDL水平明显下降,脂肪肝的发病率明显升高,且中、重度脂肪肝尤其是重度脂肪肝的发病率也明显增加,差异有统计学意义。BMI与胆固醇、甘油三酯、高血压和脂肪肝的异常率有明显关系(P<0.05)。结论控制肥胖尤其是腹型肥胖对于防治高血压、高血脂、脂肪肝有重要意义。 | 贾晓梅 张明明 张翠改 段瑞生 宋光耀 史瑞华 刘晶 | 2013 | 医学动物防制2013，29，12： | 5 |
| 8 | 铁路职工腹型肥胖与高血压病及高脂血症的关系显示文摘目的了解某铁路职工腹型肥胖与高血压病、高脂血症的关系。方法回顾性分析2013—2016年来我院体检中心行健康体检的某铁路职工6703例体检资料,将所有受检者分为腹型肥胖组和正常体重组,观察两组高血压病、高脂血症的发生情况。结果 6703例中,腹型肥胖组3230例(48.19%),腹型肥胖的检出率随年龄增长而升高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=367.051,P=0.000);男性腹型肥胖发生率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=367.051,P=0.000)。腹型肥胖组高血压病、高脂血症患者比例明显高于正常体重组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论铁路职工腹型肥胖发生率较高,且随年龄增长而升高,与高血压病、高脂血症的发生密切相关。 | 张立 刘艳茹 李海生 张婧环 刘洁 | 2017 | 临床误诊误治2017，30，10： | 5 |
| 9 | 氢气在脊髓损伤治疗中的研究进展显示文摘随着经济的发展,脊髓损伤的发病率逐年上升,中国脊髓损伤发病率大约为6/10万人,好发于青壮年人群,呈逐年上升的趋势,且此类疾病致死率、致残率高,在经过包括手术以内的急性期治疗后,多数患者经抢救可存活下来,但大都残留多种功能障碍,并且会继发多种并发症,严重影响其预期寿命及生活质量.据国外统计分析,全球脊髓损伤总发病率约为10.5/10万人,全球每年估计有78万例脊髓损伤患者,平均年龄为39.8岁(男性受影响最大,男女比例约为3.37∶ 1),通过比较高收入国家和中低收入国家脊髓损伤的流行病学,研究发现中低收入国家脊髓损伤患者的发病率和病死率更高[1]. | 吴杰 庾红林 解国辉 张钦 | 2023 | 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版)2023，16，1： | 0 |
| 10 | 氧化应激对骨髓间充质干细胞影响机制的研究进展显示文摘骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)具有多向分化能力。因其来源可靠,易获取,缺乏免疫原性,具有较强再生能力等特点,已被广泛用于多种疾病的治疗,是骨组织工程理想的种子细胞。大量研究表明,氧化应激已经成为骨代谢疾病中重要的研究领域之一,过度氧化应激可通过对相关因子及信号通路的调控来促进BMSCs衰老、凋亡,抑制BMSCs增殖和成骨分化,导致骨稳态失衡及骨形成能力下降,甚至发展为代谢性骨病。该文通过汇总近年发表的相关文献,针对氧化应激对BMSCs功能的影响及相关机制予以简要综述,以期为骨代谢疾病提供潜在的治疗新思路。 | 俞卫娟 高静媛(综述) 冯林杰 田发明(审校) | 2023 | 重庆医学2023，52，16： | 0 |
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