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| 1 | 钵苗机插水稻群体动态特征及高产形成机制的探讨显示文摘【目的】旨在阐明钵苗机插水稻产量构成特征和群体动态特征以及高产形成机制。【方法】2010年选用24个不同单穗重粳稻品种统一高产栽培,以成熟期平均单穗重聚类分析划分3种穗型,并每种穗型筛选2个具有代表性品种。2011—2012年采用大穗型品种甬优8号和甬优2640,中穗型品种武运粳24号和宁粳3号,小穗型品种淮稻5号和淮稻10号为试验材料,在江苏省兴化市钓鱼镇进行大田试验,以毯苗机插水稻为对照,系统研究钵苗机插水稻产量及其产量构成、群体茎蘖动态、叶面积指数动态和干物质积累动态特征,并从秧苗素质、栽后物质积累、阶段光合物质生产、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率、株型特征、茎鞘物质输出与转运、根系活力等方面深入探讨钵苗机插水稻高产形成机制。【结果】钵苗机插水稻产量显著或极显著高于对照,大穗型品种增产8.71%—11.11%,中穗型品种增产6.85%—7.89%,小穗型品种增产5.30%—6.34%。钵苗机插水稻产量的提高主要原因是在足够穗数的基础上,显著或极显著增加每穗粒数,进而提高群体颖花量,同时保持稳定的结实率和千粒重。与对照相比,钵苗机插水稻群体茎蘖数栽后增长快,高峰苗适宜,拔节后群体茎蘖数消减缓慢,最终有效穗数足,成穗率高;群体叶面积指数和干物质积累量,有效分蘖临界叶龄期钵苗机插水稻显著高于对照,拔节期两者相当,孕穗后钵苗机插水稻显著或极显著高于对照,成熟期叶面积指数钵苗机插水稻较对照高出5.17%—11.00%,干物质积累量钵苗机插水稻较对照高出5.36%—9.20%。钵苗机插水稻高产形成机制为带土带蘖栽插,秧苗素质高,群体起点质量优,活棵早,分蘖快,低位分蘖多,栽后地上和地下部物质积累多,为争足穗、促壮秆和攻大穗奠定生物学基础;抽穗期株型紧凑,叶系配置优,叶面积大,比叶重高,基部茎秆粗壮,粒叶比高,形成高光效高质量群体;生育后期根系活力强,叶面积衰减慢,光合势大,群体生长率和净同化率高,干物质积累多,灌浆充实量大,茎鞘物质输出与转运合理。【结论】钵苗机插水稻群体起点质量高,栽后分蘖早生发快,群体生长优势明显,特别是生育中后期光合生产能力强,物质积累多。钵苗机插水稻产量构成特征表现为'穗数足、穗型大、粒数多'。 | 胡雅杰 邢志鹏 龚金龙 刘国涛 张洪程 戴其根 霍中洋 许轲 魏海燕 郭保卫 沙安勤 周有炎 罗学超 刘国林 | 2014 | 中国农业科学2014，47，5： | 92 |
| 2 | 灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响显示文摘该研究旨在探讨灌溉方式与密度对水稻产量和光合物质生产特性的影响及其互作效应,这对指导水稻高产、高效栽培有重要意义。试验在大田条件下,以垦稻24为试验材料,设置重干湿交替灌溉(W1)、轻干湿交替灌溉(W2)和浅水灌溉(W3)3种灌溉处理及行株距为30 cm×10 cm(D1)、30 cm×12 cm(D2)和30 cm×14 cm(D3)3种密度水平,分析水密处理对寒地水稻产量形成和光合物质生产特性的影响。结果表明:各灌溉方式下,对干物质积累、光合物质生产、产量构成及产量的整体作用效果表现为W2〉W3〉W1,其中W2处理显著提高了水稻产量,增加了水稻千粒重和结实率,实际产量较W3和W1处理增幅分别为5.05%和27.89%;W2处理有效的控制了无效分蘖,明显提高成穗率,降低植株高度和倒3、4节间长度,但叶片生长速度慢于W3处理。各密度水平下,对抽穗后生物产量、茎鞘干物质运转以及最终籽粒产量的作用效果均以D2处理最佳;而D3处理的叶片生长快于D2和D1处理,并伴有增叶出现。灌溉方式与密度交互作用下,各水密处理对寒地水稻叶龄值、茎蘖数、成穗率、抽穗期粒叶比、干物质积累量、抽穗后茎鞘干物质转运和光合物质生产、产量构成及产量的影响均存在显著或极显著的互作效应,以轻干湿交替灌溉方式与行株距30 cm×10 cm密度组合(W2D1)效果最佳,与其它处理相比,实现了5.0-8.5%产量增幅,该处理组合的增产途径是粒叶比高,叶面积指数高,光合物质积累多,形成高质量群体;生育后期干物质积累量大,群体生长率和净同化率高,光合物质生产能力强,茎鞘物质输出与转运合理,具有较高的有效穗数、高结实率和高千粒重,最终籽粒产量高。综合分析表明,轻干湿交替灌溉方式与行株距30 cm×10 cm密度组合模式合模式更适合在目前寒地水稻高产、高效栽培中应用。 | 赵黎明 李明 郑殿峰 顾春梅 那永光 解保胜 | 2015 | 农业工程学报2015，31，6： | 77 |
| 3 | 籼粳杂交稻甬优2640钵苗机插超高产群体若干特征探讨显示文摘选用大穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优2640,以国家粮食丰产科技工程实施基地江苏东海、兴化和海安6.4、6.8和7.3 hm2连片超高产攻关方为依托,对籼粳杂交稻钵苗机插超高产群体(13.5 t hm–2左右)和高产群体(12.0 t hm–2左右)系统比较研究,旨在阐明秸秆还田条件下钵苗机插水稻超高产产量构成及其群体特征。结果表明,与高产群体相比,籼粳杂交稻钵苗机插超高产群体表现穗型大、粒数多和群体颖花量高,有效穗数、结实率和千粒重相当;群体茎蘖数生育前期稳步增长,有效分蘖临界叶龄期达适宜穗数,拔节期高峰苗数量少,拔节之后缓慢消减,最终成穗率高;群体叶面积指数有效分蘖临界叶龄期和拔节期较小,孕穗期达最大值(8.5左右),此后平稳减少,成熟期仍保持3.5以上;群体干物质积累量有效分蘖临界叶龄期和拔节期相当,拔节后积累较快,孕穗期、抽穗期和成熟期显著或极显著增高,且生育中、后期干物质积累比例高;群体氮素积累、群体光合势、群体生长率和净同化率表现为'前小,中高,后强'。说明水稻钵苗机插超高产群体生育中、后期具有较强的光合物质生产力和较高的氮素积累量。本文还探讨了秸秆还田条件下水稻钵苗机插超高产栽培关键技术。 | 胡雅杰 朱大伟 钱海军 曹伟伟 邢志鹏 张洪程 周有炎 陈厚存 汪洪洋 戴其根 霍中洋 许轲 魏海燕 郭保卫 | 2014 | 作物学报2014，40，11： | 37 |
| 4 | 不同施氮水平下缓释氮肥配施对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响显示文摘【目的】在高施氮水平和常规施氮水平下,研究缓释氮肥配施对机插稻氮素利用和产量的影响及其生理机制,为机插稻的氮肥高效利用提供依据。【方法】以中迟熟杂交籼稻川谷优7329为材料,采用二因素裂区设计,设置不同的施氮水平及5种缓释氮肥与常规氮肥(尿素)配施处理,并设置不施氮处理,分析不同施氮水平下缓释氮肥与常规氮肥配施对机插稻氮素利用和产量的影响及其生理机制,并探讨氮素利用和产量与生理响应之间的关系。【结果】结果表明,施氮水平、缓释氮肥与常规氮肥配施对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量均存在显著或极显著的影响,机插稻拔节、抽穗及结实期对氮素的吸收利用以及结实期茎鞘的氮素转运量与干物质量、氮素积累量、氮肥表观利用率、每穗实粒数及最终产量显著或极显著正相关(r=0.38*~0.69**)。与常规氮肥运筹相比,缓释氮肥与常规氮肥配施、全缓释氮肥施用处理的机插稻成熟期干物质积累量、氮素积累总量、光合势、叶面积指数、氮肥表观利用率及穗部氮素增加量均显著提高,进而促进增产。【结论】据产量及氮素利用效率表现,机插稻产量在180 kg/hm2施氮水平下较高,且在缓释氮肥与常规氮肥配施比例为7∶3一次性施用时产量最高,较其他氮肥运筹产量高0.84%~26.59%,氮肥表观利用率高0.28%~47.02%,为最优氮肥运筹模式。但不同施氮水平下,随着缓释氮肥配施比例的降低,群体叶面积指数、光合势及物质积累等指标也降低,且在施氮处理为全常规氮肥时最低,均不利于机插稻氮肥利用效率及最终产量的提高。 | 王海月 李玥 孙永健 李应洪 蒋明金 王春雨 赵建红 孙园园 徐徽 严奉君 马均 | 2017 | 中国水稻科学2017，31，1： | 36 |
| 5 | 机插方式和密度对不同穗型水稻品种产量及其构成的影响显示文摘为探明不同机插方式下水稻适用穗型和适宜栽插规格,阐明不同机插方式下不同穗型水稻品种产量形成特征,选用大、中和小穗型各2个品种为试验材料,设置钵苗机插(行距33cm)、行距30cm毯苗机插和行距25cm毯苗机插3种机插方式(记为A、B、C),研究机插方式和密度对不同穗型水稻品种产量及其形成和穗部性状的影响。钵苗机插设置3种株距,分别为12cm、14cm和16cm(记为1、2、3),2种行距毯苗机插设置5种株距,分别为10cm、11.7cm、13.3cm、14.8cm、16cm(记为1、2、3、4、5)。研究结果表明:1)钵苗机插,随着密度降低,大穗型品种产量呈先增后减,以A2最高;中、小穗型品种产量呈递减趋势,以A1最高。毯苗机插,随着密度降低,大穗型品种B方式产量呈先增后减,以B4最高,C方式呈递增趋势,以C5最高;中穗型品种B和C方式产量均呈先增后减,分别以B3和C4最高;小穗型品种B方式产量呈递减趋势,以B1最高,C方式呈先增后减,以C2最高。同一密度下,钵苗机插产量显著高于毯苗机插,增产幅度表现为大穗型>中穗型>小穗型,2种行距毯苗机插差异不显著。对2种行距毯苗机插而言,同一株距下,大穗型品种B方式产量高于C方式;中穗型品种株距为10cm、11.7cm、13.3cm,B方式产量高,而株距为14.8cm、16cm,C方式产量高;小穗型品种除株距为10cm外,C方式较B方式具有增产优势。2)随着密度降低,不同机插方式下不同穗型品种单位面积穗数减少,每穗粒数增加,群体颖花量变化趋势与产量一致,结实率和千粒重变化不一。同一密度下,不同机插方式间单位面积穗数相当,钵苗机插每穗粒数显著高于毯苗机插,每穗粒数增幅表现为大穗型>中穗型>小穗型,结实率和千粒重差异不显著。对2种行距毯苗机插而言,同一株距下,B方式单位面积穗数少于C方式,而每穗粒数则相反。3)随着密度降低,不同机插方式下不同穗型品种穗长、着粒密度、单穗质量、一次枝梗数、一次枝梗粒数、二次枝梗数和二次枝梗粒数呈增加趋势,一、二次枝梗数比值和一、二次枝梗粒数比值呈减少趋势。同一密度下,钵苗机插穗长、着粒密度、单穗质量、一次枝梗数、一次枝梗粒数、二次枝梗数和二次枝梗粒数高于毯苗机插。因此,钵苗机插应用大穗型品种宜适当降低密度,充分发挥大穗优势,提高群体颖花量而高产;中、小穗型品种宜采用高密度栽插,增加穗数以获得高产。毯苗机插应用大穗型品种宜采用行距30cm,适当增加株距,依靠扩大穗型而高产;中穗型品种宜采用行距30cm,配置中等密度,协调穗粒结构而提高群体颖花量;小穗型宜采用行距25cm,适当减少株距,通过显著增加穗数以获得高产。 | 胡雅杰 钱海军 曹伟伟 邢志鹏 张洪程 戴其根 霍中洋 许轲 魏海燕 郭保卫 | 2016 | 中国水稻科学2016，30，5： | 27 |
| 6 | 施氮量对超级杂交稻产量和稻米品质的影响显示文摘为探明超级杂交稻在成都平原的适宜施氮量,达到高产与优质协同,以超级杂交稻德优4727、普通杂交稻川优6203和常规稻五山丝苗为材料,于2016年在四川德阳进行大田试验,设置4个施氮量(0、120、165、210 kg/hm^2,分别记作N0、N120、N165、N210),研究施氮量对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,超级杂交稻产量随施氮量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,以N165处理最高;普通杂交稻和常规稻产量随施氮量的增加而增加,以N210处理最高,但与N165处理差异不显著。糙米率、整精米率、蛋白质含量随施氮量的增加而提高;垩白粒率、垩白度对氮肥的响应因品种而异。除普通杂交稻胶稠度外,施氮量对胶稠度和直链淀粉含量的影响不显著。品种间产量和品质均存在显著差异。与普通杂交稻和常规稻相比,超级杂交稻产量显著增加,增产优势主要表现在粒重上。超级杂交稻糙米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、胶稠度显著高于常规稻,直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量低于常规稻;超级杂交稻整精米率显著高于普通杂交稻,但与常规稻相当。考虑产量和品质两因素,本试验条件下超级杂交稻选择纯N用量165 kg/hm^2,可实现产量和品质的协同提高。 | 蒋鹏 刘茂 秦俭 熊洪 徐富贤 | 2017 | 中国稻米2017，23，4： | 19 |
| 7 | 超级稻“三定”栽培技术的原理和要点显示文摘简要介绍了超级稻'因地定产、依产定苗、测苗定氮'栽培技术的原理和要点。技术原理是:在某区域前3年平均产量的基础上,以增产15%~20%作为目标产量;在水稻秆高密度模型的基础上,应用黄金分割法确定株距、行距及其基本苗;在区域氮肥用量确定的基础上,根据水稻叶片的颜色确定蘖肥和穗肥的实际用量。技术要点包括:调整播期播量,适度集中育秧;优化株距行距,带土带肥栽插;干湿交替灌溉,适时搁田控苗;测苗平衡施氮,补偿施用磷钾;预防病虫草害,用药适时统一等技术的集成配套。 | 邹应斌 | 2012 | 中国稻米2012，18，5： | 12 |
| 8 | 灌溉方式对寒地水稻产量及籽粒灌浆的影响显示文摘【目的】研究不同灌溉方式对寒地水稻茎蘖动态、干物质积累和籽粒灌浆特征的影响,以深化灌溉方式对籽粒灌浆过程调控的认识,为指导水稻高产、高效栽培提供依据。【方法】试验以空育131和垦稻24为试验材料,在大田设置重干湿交替灌溉(W1)、轻干湿交替灌溉(W2)和浅水灌溉(W3)3种灌溉处理,分析灌溉处理对寒地水稻产量形成和籽粒灌浆特性的影响。【结果】不同灌溉方式对寒地水稻茎蘖数、成穗率、干物质积累量、抽穗后茎鞘干物质转运、籽粒灌浆、产量及其构成的影响均存在显著差异,W2和W1处理能够有效控制无效分蘖,增加结实率,降低植株高度和缩短倒3、4节间长度,其中W2处理下成穗率提高,干物质积累及转运能力增强,且千粒重也有明显增加。从灌浆特性上看,灌溉方式下空育131和垦稻24籽粒鲜重增加与花后天数呈二次曲线关系,模拟效果以垦稻24表现最佳,最大籽粒鲜重(Ymax)均以W2处理最大;W2处理下籽粒灌浆速率大且呈单峰曲线变化,前期生长迅速,到达最大灌浆速率时间早;籽粒干重增重可用Richards方程对籽粒灌浆过程进行分析,相关系数在0.9940—0.9995,品种间籽粒灌浆中达到最大生长速率的时间(Tmax),最大生长速率(Gmax)以及平均生长速率(Gmean)均表现为垦稻24>空育131。在产量方面,2012年W2处理下2个品种产量较W1处理增加13.91%—28.26%,较W3处理产量增加5.31%—9.95%;2013年较W1处理产量增加22.05%—25.67%,较W3处理产量增加5.15%—7.70%。因此,轻干湿交替灌溉方式的增产途径是农艺性状配置合理,抽穗后干物质积累能力强及所占比例高,茎鞘干物质转运能力强,形成较高的群体素质;籽粒灌浆中最终生长量(A)和起始生长势(R0)增加,Tmax值缩短,Gmax值和Gmean值提高;对二次枝梗作用效果大于一次枝梗,其中3粒二次枝梗粒数和产量明显增加,收获指数、千粒重和结实率高,最终籽粒产量高。【结论】灌溉方式对寒地水稻产量形成和籽粒灌浆过程的调控产生较大影响,从增产角度上看,目前轻干湿交替灌溉方式更适合在寒地水稻高产、高效栽培中应用,而重干湿交替和浅水灌溉不利于寒地水稻产量的增加。 | 赵黎明 李明 郑殿峰 顾春梅 那永光 解保胜 | 2015 | 中国农业科学2015，48，22： | 12 |
| 9 | Improving grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and radiation use efficiency by dense planting, with delayed and reduced nitrogen application, in double cropping rice in South China显示文摘Improving both grain yield and resource use efficiencies simultaneously is a major challenge in rice production.However,few studies have focused on integrating dense planting with delayed and reduced nitrogen application to enhance grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the double rice cropping system in South China.A high-yielding indica hybrid rice cultivar (Yliangyou 143) was grown in field experiments in Guangxi,South China,with three cultivation managements:farmers’practice (FP),dense planting with equal N input and delayed N application (DPEN) and dense planting with reduced N input and delayed N application (DPRN).The grain yields of DPRN reached 10.6 and 9.78 t ha^(–1) in the early and late cropping seasons,respectively,which were significantly higher than the corresponding yields of FP by 23.9–29.9%.The grain yields in DPEN and DPRN were comparable.NUE in DPRN reached 65.2–72.9 kg kg^(–1),which was 61.2–74.1% higher than that in FP and 24.6–30.2% higher than that in DPEN.RUE in DPRN achieved 1.60–1.80 g MJ^(–1),which was 28.6–37.9% higher than that in FP.The productive tiller percentage in DPRN was 7.9–36.2% higher than that in DPEN.Increases in crop growth rate,leaf area duration,N uptake from panicle initiation to heading and enhancement of the apparent transformation ratio of dry weight from stems and leaf sheaths to panicles all contributed to higher grain yield and higher resource use efficiencies in DPRN.Correlation analysis revealed that the agronomic and physiological traits mentioned above were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield.Comparison trials carried out in Guangdong in 2018 and 2019 also showed that DPRN performed better than DPEN.We conclude that DPRN is a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing grain yield,NUE and RUE in the double rice cropping system in South China. | FU You-qiang ZHONG Xu-hua ZENG Jia-huan LIANG Kai-ming PAN Jun-feng XIN Ying-feng LIU Yan-zhuo HU Xiang-yu PENG Bi-lin CHEN Rong-bing HU Rui HUANG Nong-rong | 2021 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2021，20，2： | 12 |
| 10 | Yield potential and stability in super hybrid rice and its production strategies显示文摘China's Super Hybrid Rice Breeding Program has made significant progress over the past two decades. In this paper, we reviewed our studies on the yield potential and stability in super hybrid rice and discussed the strategies for super hybrid rice production. The results of our studies show that rice yield potential has been increased by 12% in super hybrid cultivars as compared with ordinary hybrid and inbred cultivars. The higher grain yields in super hybrid rice cultivars are attributed to larger panicle size coupled with higher biomass production or higher harvest index. However, grain yields in super hybrid rice cultivars vary widely among locations depending on soil and climatic factors. Therefore, it is important to tailor target yield to local conditions in super hybrid rice production. The target yield for super hybrid rice production can be determined by the average yield method or the regression model method. Improving soil quality is critical to achieving the target yield in super hybrid rice production. Favorable crop rotations such as rice-oilseed rape and novel soil management practices, such as biochar addition, are effective approaches to improve soil quality. It is needed to develop simplified cultivation technologies for super hybrid rice to meet the changes in socioeconomic environments during the period of transition. There are such technologies as no-tillage direct seeding and mechanized transplanting at high hill density with single seedling per hill. | HUANG Min TANG Qi-yuan AO He-jun ZOU Ying-bin | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2017，16，5： | 11 |
| 11 | 籼粳交组合甬优1540钵育机插超高产的产量构成及其群体光合特征显示文摘以籼粳杂交组合甬优1540为材料,对2个不同产量水平(高产与超高产)钵育机插水稻产量构成因子、群体茎蘖动态、干物质生产与积累特性等进行对比分析。结果表明:钵育机插方式下白湖、无为示范点产量分别为15.31、15.16t·hm^(-2),达超高产水平;贵池示范点产量为13.21t·hm^(-2),为高产水平。钵育机插杂交水稻的产量与有效穗数群体颖花量呈极显著正相关。要实现15.0t·hm^(-2)以上产量,有效穗数需突破270.0×104穗·hm^(-2),群体颖花量达到8.1×108朵·hm^(-2)以上。与高产群体相比,超高产群体移栽后分蘖早生快长,拔节期后群体茎蘖数消减缓慢,成穗率较高;生育中后期作物生长速率大,光合物质积累能力较强,库源比高。综合而言,在增加穗数的基础上通过增强生育中后期的物质生产能力争取大穗,提高群体颖花量是实现钵育机插杂交水稻高产的关键。 | 吴文革 习敏 许有尊 陈刚 周永进 张洪程 戴其根 马荣荣 王晓燕 杨飞 吴晓鹏 周陶竹 叶为发 胡润 康启中 | 2017 | 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2017，38，1： | 10 |
| 12 | Comparisons of Yield and Growth Behaviors of Hybrid Rice Under Different Nitrogen Management Methods in Tropical and Subtropical Environments显示文摘To compare the grain yield and growth behaviors of hybrid rice, field experiments were conducted in a subtropical environment in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, and in two tropical environments in Gazipur and Habiganj in Bangladesh during 2009 to 2011. Three hybrid rice cultivars were grown under three nitrogen (N) management treatments in each experiment. The results showed that grain yield was significantly affected by locations, N treatments and their interaction but not by cultivars. Changsha produced 8-58% higher grain yields than Bangladesh locations. Sink size (spikelet number per unit land area) was responsible for these yield differences. Larger panicle size (spikelet number per panicle) contributed to greater sink size in Changsha. Aboveground total biomass was greater in Changsha than in Bangladesh locations, whereas harvest index was higher in Bangladesh locations than in Changsha. Crop growth rate (CGR) was greater at Changsha than Bangladesh locations during vegetative phase, while the difference was relatively small and not consistent during the later growth phases. Higher leaf area index and leaf area duration were partly responsible for the greater CGR in Changsha. Real-time N management (RTNM) produced lower grain yields than fixed-time N management in more than half of the experiments. Our study suggested that further improvement in rice yield in the tropical environments similar to those of Bangladesh will depend mainly on the ability to increase panicle size as well as CGR during vegetative phase, and the chlorophyll meter threshold value used in RTNM needs to be modified according to environmental conditions and cultivar characteristics to achieve a desirable grain yield. | Ibrahim Md PENG Shao-bing TANG Qi-yuan HUANG Min JIANG Peng ZOU Ying-bin | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2013，12，4： | 10 |
| 13 | Natural Variation of Leaf Thickness and Its Association to Yield Traits in indica Rice显示文摘Leaf thickness is an important morphological trait in rice.Its association to the yield potential,as of now has not been documented because of the shortage of the equipment which could conveniently measure the leaf thickness in rice.In this study,the thickness of top three leaves of 208 cultivars had been determined by a nondestructive rice leaf thickness instrument for the research of the natural variation of leaves thickness and its association to yield traits in indica rice.The results showed that the fl ag leaf was the thickest,and the 2nd leaf was thicker than the 3rd leaf.Analysis of variance indicated the existence of wide genetic diversity of leaf thickness among the investigated indica rice genotypes.The tight correlation among the thicknesses of the top three leaves means that the leaf thickness traits share one genetic control system.Leaf thickness had a significant positive correlation with leaf length and a positive correlation with leaf width,indicated that thicker leaf was beneficial to increasing the single leaf area.The results of correlation analysis revealed that thicker leaf should be profitable to the leaf erection,higher numbers of grains per panicle and higher grains weight per panicle.However,the significantly negative correlation between leaf thickness and number of panicles per plant counteracted the profitability from increased grains weight per panicle,so that the correlations of the thicknesses of the top three leaves to yield and biomass were positive but not significantly.It has made great progress in the genetic improvement of leaves thickness in inbred indica rice breeding in Guangdong Province,China,since the 1990s. | LIU Chuan-guang ZHOU Xin-qiao CHEN Da-gang LI Li-jun LI Ju-chang CHEN You-ding | 2014 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2014，13，2： | 9 |
| 14 | 光温要素对水稻群体茎蘖增长动态影响的分析及模拟显示文摘为研究水稻茎蘖增长阶段光温要素对茎蘖动态的影响,并验证现有茎蘖动态模拟模型中的光温影响方程,以籼型两系杂交稻陵两优268和两优培九为试验品种,进行了为期2年每年7个播期的大田试验。首先,采用Richards方程对茎蘖观测数据进行拟合,获取茎蘖增长动态的特征参数。然后,分析特征参数与茎蘖增长期内平均光温要素和气候要素的关系,并在此基础上,以光温组合因子为自变量,分别构建2个品种茎蘖增长速率和分蘖率的光温组合影响方程,将获取的方程替换水稻群体茎蘖动态模拟模型中的光温影响方程。最后,验证和比较替换前后模型的模拟结果及与实测茎蘖动态的误差。结果显示,受光温要素的共同作用,平均茎蘖增长速率和最大茎蘖密度均与光温要素显著正相关,表明光温要素不仅影响茎蘖增长速率,也影响实际最大群体茎蘖密度,这在构建的光温组合影响方程中得到了较好的反映。较现有模型,替换后模型在茎蘖增长动态上的模拟误差总体减小,模拟的茎蘖增长速率和最大茎蘖密度与实际吻合较好,但在部分验证数据上仍存在较大误差。然而,本文提出的验证和改进光温影响方程的方法,对了解光温影响机制和完善群体茎蘖动态模拟模型具有一定的参考价值。 | 王萌萌 杨沈斌 江晓东 王应平 陈德 黄维 于庚康 石春林 | 2016 | 作物学报2016，42，1： | 9 |
| 15 | Continuous applications of biochar to rice: Effects on grain yield and yield attributes显示文摘Biochar is considered as a beneficial soil amendment for crop production. However, limited information is available on the effects of continuous applications of biochar on rice. In this study, a fixed field experiment was conducted in the early and late rice-growing seasons from 2015 to 2017. Grain yield and yield attributes with a widely-grown rice cultivar Zhongzao 39 were compared, with and without applications of biochar in each season. The results showed that grain yield initially decreased with biochar applications in the first three seasons due to decreases in grain weight and harvest index. Although there were further relative decreases in grain weight and harvest index for rice that was supplied with biochar in the fourth to sixth seasons, grain yield was increased(by 4–10%) because of increases in sink size(spikelets per m2) and total biomass. The increased sink size in rice whose soil had been supplied with biochar in the fourth to sixth seasons was achieved by increasing panicle size(spikelets per panicle) or number of panicles, or both. Our study suggests that the positive effects of biochar application on rice yield and yield attributes depend on the duration of biochar application. Further investigations are needed to determine what are the soil and physiological processes for producing yield responses associated with ongoing applications of biochar. Also, it should be evaluated the performance of biochar application combined with other management practices, especially those can increase the grain weight and harvest index in rice production. | HUANG Min FAN Long JIANG Li-geng YANG Shu-ying ZOU Ying-bin Norman Uphoff | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，3： | 9 |
| 16 | Why high grain yield can be achieved in single seedling machine-transplanted hybrid rice under dense planting conditions?显示文摘This study was conducted to identify the factors associated with high grain yield in single seedling machine-transplanted hybrid rice under dense planting conditions. Field experiments were done in Yong'an Town, Hunan Province, China in 2015 and 2016. Two hybrid rice cultivars were grown under single seedling machine transplanting(SMT) and conventional machine transplanting(CMT) at a high planting density in each year. Grain yield and yield attributes were compared between SMT and CMT. Averaged across cultivars and years, grain yield was 12% higher under SMT than under CMT. Plant height, basal stem width, and shoot and root dry weights were higher in seedlings for SMT than those for CMT. SMT had less maximum tiller number per m^2 and consequently less panicle number per m^2 than did CMT. Branch number per panicle, especially the secondary branch number per panicle, and spikelet number per cm of panicle length were more under SMT than under CMT, which resulted in more spikelet number per panicle under SMT than under CMT. SMT had higher or equal spikelet filling percentage than did CMT. The difference in grain weight between SMT and CMT was relatively small and inconsistent cross years. SMT had higher or equal total biomass and harvest index than did CMT. Dry weight per stem under SMT was heavier than that under CMT. Larger leaf area per stem was partly responsible for the heavier dry weight per stem under SMT than under CMT. Our study suggests that improvement in seedling quality, panicle size, and dry weight per stem are critical to the high grain yield in single seedling machine-transplanted hybrid rice under dense planting conditions. | HUANG Min SHAN Shuang-lü XIE Xiao-bing CAO Fang-bo ZOU Ying-bin | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，6： | 8 |
| 17 | 江淮下游地区水稻品种生产力纬向差异及其合理利用显示文摘以江苏种植的代表性水稻品种类型为材料,在稻麦两熟制条件下,于江苏沛县(34.7°N)、东海(34.5°N)、宿豫(34.0°N)、建湖(33.4°N)、扬州(32.4°N)、昆山(31.3°N)6地分别设置5个播期试验,系统研究了不同生育类型品种丰产性和稳产性的纬向差异,并探讨了江苏水稻品种的合理布局。结果表明,不同生育类型水稻品种产量在纬向与播期间存在极显著差异,产量(Y)与播期(t)可用Y=at2+bt+c拟合,因方程a、b取值不同,产量与播期的关系可分为3种类型,且在温光条件不同的地区或年份间转化。迟熟中粳类型品种丰产性和稳产性具有较强优势,适宜种植区域较广。随着品种熟期的进一步推迟,晚粳类型品种的丰产性指数(Pi)下降,稳定性指数(Si)上升,丰产性与稳定性均有变差趋势。杂交中籼稻两优培九产量丰产性较好,仅次于迟熟中粳类型品种,但产量稳定性仅高于早熟中粳类型品种。与早熟类型品种相比,偏晚熟类型品种在丰产性和稳产性方面均有明显优势。根据不同生育类型水稻品种丰产性和稳产性以及江苏省不同稻区常年温光气候条件,划分为适宜种植区、亚适宜种植区、可种植区和不宜种植区来确定不同生育类型水稻品种的合理布局。苏北、苏中、苏南稻区分别以中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、早熟晚粳类型品种为主体,兼作生育期相近的类型品种;杂交中籼类型品种仅适宜于江苏西部丘陵稻区。江苏淮北稻区以早播为宜,苏中、苏南稻区强调适期播种,过早或过迟播种均不利于提高产量。在确保安全生育成熟的前提下,选用偏迟熟类型品种及在籼粳同季兼作地区扩种粳稻均有利于提高水稻生产力。 | 许轲 杨海生 张洪程 龚金龙 沈新平 陶小军 戴其根 霍中洋 魏海燕 高辉 | 2014 | 作物学报2014，40，5： | 8 |
| 18 | 农艺措施对糯稻产量及稻米品质的影响显示文摘以渝香糯1号为材料,于2014-2015年在四川德阳进行大田试验,研究施氮量(120 kg N hm^2,N120、180 kg N hm^2,N180)、施氮模式(底:蘖=7:3,MA、底:蘖:穗=5:2:3,MB)、移栽密度(15.0万穴hm^2,D1、19.5万穴hm^2,D2、24.0万穴hm^2,D3)3种农艺措施对糯稻产量形成特点和稻米品质的影响.结果表明:施氮量对糯稻产量影响不显著,与N120相比,N180产量增加了1.7%.随着移栽密度的增加,糯稻产量呈增加趋势,其增产优势主要表现在有效穗和生物产量上.2014年采用MB施氮模式产量略低于MA,有效穗、每穗粒数、结实率、生物产量和收获指数居劣势是其产量减少的主要原因;2015年MB产量较MA增加了2.8%,其增产优势主要表现在每穗粒数、结实率、生物产量和收获指数上。施氮量和移栽密度对糯稻加工品质影响不明显.与MA相比,MB糯稻淀粉、支链淀粉分别增加了0.7%-7.46%、0.5%-7.80%.随着移栽密度的增加,糯稻淀粉、支链淀粉呈增加趋势.综合考虑糯稻产量和稻米品质,施氮量120 kg hm^2、施氮模式底:蘖:穗=5:2:3、移栽密度24.0万穴hm^2为本试验的最优组合处理,可实现糯稻产量和稻米品质的协同提高. | 田绍平 蒋鹏 熊洪 张林 朱永川 周兴兵 刘茂 郭晓艺 徐富贤 | 2016 | 四川职业技术学院学报2016，26，6： | 6 |
| 19 | 不同栽培模式下水稻产量差异的研究显示文摘为查明栽培模式对水稻产量的影响,采用田间试验方法,设置3个处理:插秧、撒播和条播,对其产量及其构成进行了测定,就不同栽培模式下水稻产量差异的原因进行了研究。结果表明,插秧水稻的产量(10390 kg/hm^2)要高于撒播(7790.7 kg/hm^2)和条播(9105.2 kg/hm^2),3种栽培模式下水稻的收获指数几乎没有不同(撒播、条播和插秧分别为56.5、54.7、53.9),而插秧水稻的地上部干物质量明显高于撒播和条播,更高的地上部干物质量使插秧水稻形成了更大的单位面积穗数和穗粒数,特别是后者较撒播和条播分别高39.0%和26.9%,其与水稻产量呈显著的正相关关系(相关系数0.795)。3种栽培模式相比,条播水稻的效益成本比最高,达到了2.52。总之,与直播(撒播、条播)相比,插秧水稻获得高产的根本原因是其具有更大的穗粒数,但考虑到成本投入,在实际生产中,条播水稻的收益更高。 | 买文选 布哈丽且木·阿不力孜 张波 曾凡江 田长彦 | 2019 | 中国农学通报2019，35，36： | 6 |
| 20 | 分蘖期干旱胁迫对水稻光合特性及产量的影响显示文摘采用测坑试验方式,设置3个水分梯度(相对田间持水量80%~85%、70%~75%、60%~65%),以相对田间持水量为90%~100%为对照,通过对滴灌水稻分蘖期进行干旱胁迫,测定不同处理叶绿素含量、光合特性、叶面积指数、分蘖动态、干物质积累量和产量等指标,分析不同干旱胁迫处理对滴灌水稻光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明:轻度和中度胁迫下水稻拔节期叶片总叶绿素含量分别较CK提高4.66%、17.62%,拔节期净光合速率分别较CK提高5.73%、10.98%,生育后期叶面积指数较CK分别提高21.41%、26.49%;轻度和中度干旱胁迫减少了拔节前干物质积累,提高了拔节后干物质积累量,优化干物质积累动态;轻度和中度干旱胁迫有利于控制水稻的分蘖数量,显著提高有效穗数,与CK相比提高了8.05%、23.29%;轻度和中度胁迫下水稻穗粒数和千粒重显著降低,各处理间结实率无显著差异,成穗率显著高于CK,与CK相比3种胁迫下成穗率分别提高了22.83%、32.50%、13.20%;轻度和中度胁迫下产量与CK相比分别增加2.73%、6.08%。滴灌水稻分蘖期水分调控时应考虑利用干旱胁迫的补偿效应,于分蘖期采用轻中度控水措施,有利于滴灌水稻光合作用和产量的提高。 | 徐强 马晓鹏 吕廷波 王东旺 白蒙 王泽林 牛靖冉 | 2020 | 干旱地区农业研究2020，38，1： | 6 |
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