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| 1 | 1961—2010年中国北方沙尘源区沙尘强度时空分布特征及变化趋势显示文摘利用1961—2010年我国北方沙尘源区134个地面气象站沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘发生频率逐月资料,结合定义的沙尘指数,系统地分析了中国北方7大主要沙尘源区沙尘强度的时空分布特征及变化趋势。结果表明:西部的塔克拉玛干沙漠沙尘强度最高,多年平均沙尘指数高达235,其次是中部的阿拉善高原和鄂尔多斯高原沙漠群(182),东北部的呼伦贝尔沙地沙尘强度最小,多年平均沙尘指数仅为23。总体来看,近50 a来中国沙尘源区的沙尘强度呈明显减小趋势,沙尘指数在1972、1987和2000年出现突变。其中,中部的阿拉善高原和鄂尔多斯高原沙漠群沙尘强度减小趋势最为显著(-6.3 a^(-1)),其次是西部的塔克拉玛干沙漠(-5.9 a^(-1))。EOF分析结果表明,中国北方沙尘源区各地的沙尘强度整体变化一致,塔克拉玛干沙漠、阿拉善高原和鄂尔多斯高原沙漠群是沙尘强度变化中心;在此基础上,东西部地区的沙尘强度呈明显的反相变化;此外,中国北方沙尘源区的沙尘强度在1980年代后期发生显著变化,沙尘指数至今处于较低值。 | 元天刚 陈思宇 康丽泰 陈子琦 罗源 邹倩 | 2016 | 干旱气象2016，34，6： | 25 |
| 2 | 塔克拉玛干沙漠地区沙尘暴研究进展显示文摘作为中国最大的沙漠和世界第二大流动性沙漠,塔克拉玛干沙漠是中国主要沙尘暴中心和黄土沉积的物源区之一,在中国北方乃至欧亚大陆自然环境和生态格局中具有重要影响,研究塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的沙尘暴具有十分重要的理论与实践意义。本文综述了塔克拉玛干沙漠地区沙尘暴过程及数值模拟预报研究的主要进展,阐明了沙尘暴的成因,进而总结了沙尘暴孕育发展的主要特征,提出了塔克拉玛干沙漠地区沙尘暴研究中亟待解决的科学问题。 | 郭彩贇 韩致文 李爱敏 | 2016 | 中国沙漠2016，36，6： | 10 |
| 3 | 中国北方春季沙尘暴活动与高空西风急流变化的联系显示文摘利用1954-2007年中国国家气象信息中心提供的强沙尘暴序列数据集和美国国家环境预报中心与国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)提供的再分析资料,分析了30°N以北的中国北方沙尘暴活动与东亚高空西风急流变化的联系。结果表明,中国北方春季沙尘暴出现频数与亚洲大陆对流层高层200 hPa中纬度西风急流的位置和强度变化存在着密切的联系。这种关系在年际和年代际时间尺度上均得到体现,在多(少)沙尘暴活动年,急流轴位置比正常年偏北(南)。在研究时段内,沙尘暴活动呈现减少的趋势,同时高空西风急流表现出系统性南移趋势。这种相关性存在内在的联系,反映了高空西风急流轴位置变化对地面沙尘暴活动的影响:当春季200 hPa高空西风急流轴位置比正常偏南时,中国北边界至蒙古国一带的一个关键区(70°E-120°E,42.5°N-52.5°N)对流层高层西风显著减弱,该区高空急流减弱一方面通过动量下传造成沙尘源区低层西风减小,削弱沙尘暴产生所需的动力条件,另一方面使风切变和斜压性减小,不利于地面气旋的生成,从而使沙尘暴活动减少。 | 李雪 刘晓东 | 2015 | 高原气象2015，34，5： | 8 |
| 4 | 1961—2019年柴达木盆地沙尘强度时空变化特征显示文摘基于1961—2019年柴达木盆地9个地面气象站沙尘逐月观测资料,计算沙尘指数并分析盆地沙尘强度的时空变化特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明:(1)近59 a柴达木盆地沙尘强度整体呈显著减弱趋势,减小速率为2.05 a-1;沙尘强度年代变化呈单峰型,其中1970年代最强;柴达木盆地沙尘指数突变发生在1990年;月均沙尘指数也呈单峰型分布,峰值位于春季4月,谷值位于冬季12月。(2)柴达木盆地沙尘强度整体呈腹部高、外围低的空间分布格局;近59 a除冷湖的沙尘强度呈显著增强趋势外,其余地区沙尘强度均呈显著减弱趋势,其中诺木洪和格尔木减弱速率较快;春季沙尘强度减弱速率最快。(3)近59 a柴达木盆地年均气温升高、降水增多、风速降低、大风日数减少是影响其沙尘强度变弱的重要原因。 | 曹晓云 肖建设 乔斌 陈国茜 权晨 祝存兄 史飞飞 | 2021 | 干旱气象2021，39，1： | 6 |
| 5 | 青藏高原对东亚上空沙尘气溶胶贡献的数值模拟分析显示文摘青藏高原可能是东亚上空沙尘气溶胶的潜在来源,目前对于青藏高原上空沙尘气溶胶的逐月变化,以及青藏高原对东亚上空沙尘气溶胶的贡献,存在不确定认识.利用沙尘暴频次、遥感资料反演的气溶胶指数和模式模拟结果,分析了青藏高原上空沙尘气溶胶的逐月变化以及青藏高原对东亚上空沙尘气溶胶的贡献.结果表明,青藏高原近地面沙尘浓度从10月开始增加,在次年2~3月达到峰值,然后开始减少,青藏高原上空对流层高层沙尘浓度从1月开始增加,峰值位于5~6月,然后开始减少.青藏高原对东亚上空沙尘气溶胶的贡献主要集中在青藏高原上空,对中国东部上空贡献较少.青藏高原对青藏高原上空沙尘气溶胶的贡献随着高度升高在逐渐减少,年均贡献率在近地面为69%,在0.975Sigma高度上为40%,在0.85Sigma高度上为5%;不同高度上贡献的逐月变化存在差异,近地面上贡献率在10~5月较高(平均贡献率为80%),在6~9月较低(平均贡献率为45%),0.975Sigma高度上贡献率在11~4月较高(平均贡献率为72%),在5~10月较低(平均贡献率为9%),0.85Sigma高度上贡献率在2~3月偏高(平均贡献率约为21%),其他月份偏低(平均贡献率不足5%).青藏高原对中国东部上空沙尘气溶胶的贡献主要位于2~3月,贡献率约为1~10%. | 毛睿 龚道溢 YaPing SHAO 邬光剑 包景东 | 2012 | 中国科学:地球科学2012，42，7： | 4 |
| 6 | CMIP5模式对春季北极涛动影响后期冬季ENSO不对称性的模拟能力分析显示文摘根据观测资料的研究指出春季北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)对随后冬季厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Nino–Southern Oscillation, ENSO)的影响具有明显不对称性。春季AO处于正位相时,它对随后冬季厄尔尼诺(El Nino)事件的影响显著,然而春季AO负位相对随后冬季拉尼娜(La Nina)的影响不明显。本研究分析了30个来自CMIP5的耦合模式对春季AO与随后冬季ENSO不对称性关系的模拟能力。30个CMIP5耦合模式中,只有CNRM-CM5和GISS-E2-H-CC模式能较好地抓住春季AO与冬季ENSO的联系。进一步分析这两个模式中春季AO与冬季ENSO的不对称性关系,发现CNRM-CM5模式能较好地再现春季AO与冬季ENSO的非对称关系,即春季AO正(负)位相会导致赤道中东太平洋出现El Nino(La Nina)型海表温度增暖(冷却)。然而,GISS-E2-H-CC模式的模拟结果显示,春季AO对随后冬季ENSO的影响是对称的。本文随后解释了CNRM-CM5(GISS-E2-H-CC)模式能(不能)模拟出春季AO与冬季ENSO不对称关系的原因。对于CNRMCM5模式,在春季AO正位相年,副热带西北太平洋上空存在明显的异常气旋和正降水异常,正降水异常通过Gill型大气响应对赤道西太平洋异常西风的形成和维持起着重要作用,异常西风通过激发向东传播的暖赤道Kelvin波对随后冬季El Nino事件的发生产生显著的影响;然而,在春季AO负位相年,副热带北太平洋的异常反气旋和负降水异常较弱,导致赤道西太平洋的异常东风不明显,因此,春季AO负异常对随后冬季La Nina的影响不显著。所以,CNRM-CM5模式能够较好地抓住春季AO对随后冬季ENSO事件的非对称性影响。相比之下,对于GISS-E2-H-CC模式,春季AO正(负)位相年副热带西北太平洋上存在显著的正(负)降水异常,通过Gill型大气响应在赤道西太平洋激发出明显的异常西(东)风从而影响随后冬季的El Nino(La Nina)事件。因此,在GISS-E2-H-CC模式中,春季AO对随后冬季ENSO具有对称性影响。另外,模式捕捉春季AO对随后冬季ENSO非对称性影响的能力与模式对春季AO空间结构的模拟能力有一定的联系。 | 郑玉琼 陈文 陈尚锋 | 2020 | 大气科学2020，44，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Climatology of dust storms in northern China and Mongolia: Results from MODIS observations during 2000-2010显示文摘The climatology of dust storms in northern China and Mongolia(33°N–54°N, 73°E–136°E) is characterized at a 1-km resolution based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) thermal observations during 2000–2010. The dust was extracted with the dynamic reference brightness temperature differences(DRBTD) dust detection algorithm. The major dust source regions are deserts, including the Tarim Basin, Hexi Corridor, Gobi in Mongolia and northern China, Horqin Sandy Land and Qaidam Basin. Dust storms occur most frequently in the Tarim Basin, with a maximum frequency(above 10%) in the eastern narrow inlet of the Taklimakan Desert around Lop Nor. Significant annual and seasonal variations are found for dust events. More than 63.8% of dust events occur in spring from March to May, with the maximum proportion(up to 29.6%) occurring in April. Severe dust storms occur mainly in the deserts in northern and northwestern China, and the largest source region is the eastern narrow inlet and the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert. | LIU Yang LIU Ronggao | 2015 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2015，25，11： | 2 |
| 8 | Numerical analysis for contribution of the Tibetan Plateau to dust aerosols in the atmosphere over the East Asia显示文摘Although the Tibetan Plateau is widely thought as a potential dust source to the atmosphere over East Asia,little is known about the temporal changes of Tibetan dust activities and Tibetan dust source strength.In this study,we address these two issues by analyzing dust storm frequencies and aerosol index through remote sensing data and by means of numerical simulation.The findings indicate that monthly dust profiles over the Tibetan Plateau vary significantly with time.Near the surface,dust concentration increases from October,reaches its maximum in February March,and then decreases.In the middle to upper troposphere,dust concentration increases from January,reaches its maximum in May June,and decreases thereafter.Although Tibetan dust sources are important contributors to dust in the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau,their contribution to dust in the troposphere over eastern China is weaker.The contribution of Tibetan dust sources to dust in the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau decreases sharply with height,from 69% at the surface,40% in the lower troposphere,and 5% in the middle troposphere.Furthermore,the contribution shows seasonal changes,with dust sources at the surface at approximately 80% between November and May and 45% between June and September;in the middle and upper troposphere,dust sources are between 21% from February to March and less than 5% in the other months.Overall,dust aerosols originating from the Tibetan Plateau contribute to less than 10% of dust in East Asia. | MAO Rui GONG DaoYi SHAO YaPing WU GuangJian BAO JingDong | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Climatology of the Meteorological Factors Associated with Haze Events over Northern China and Their Potential Response to the Quasi-Biannual Oscillation显示文摘An upswing in haze weather during autumn and winter has been observed over North and Northeast China in recent years, imposing adverse impacts upon local socioeconomic development and human health. However, such an increase in the occurrence of haze events and its association with natural climate variability and climate change are not well understood. To investigate the climatology of the meteorological factors associated with haze events and their natural variability, this study uses a meteorological pollution index called PLAM(Parameter Linking Air-quality to Meteorological conditions) and ERA-Interim reanalysis data. The results suggest that high PLAM values tend to occur over southern parts of northern China, implying the weather conditions over this area are favorable for the occurrence of haze weather. For the period 1979–2014, the regional mean PLAM shows an overall increase across Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province, and parts of Shanxi Province. Also, a periodicity of 28–34 months is found in the temporal variation of PLAM, which implies a potential association of PLAM with the stratospheric Quasi-Biannual Oscillation(QBO). By using the QBO index during the autumn and winter seasons in the preceding year, an increase in PLAM is found for the westerly phases of the QBO, relative to the easterly phases. An upper-tropospheric warming is also found in the westerly phases, which can induce a stable stratification that favors the increase in PLAM across the midlatitudes. The modulations of large-scale environmental factors, including moist static stability,vertical velocity, and temperature advection, also act to enhance PLAM in the westerly phases. However, the baroclinic term of moist potential vorticity at 700 hPa tends to decrease over the south, and an increase in low-level ascent is found over the north. These factors can reduce PLAM and possibly limit the statistical significance of the increased PLAM in the westerly phases of the QBO. | Ju LIANG Yaoguo TANG | 2017 | Journal of Meteorological Research2017，31，5： | 0 |
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