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| 1 | 超高产大豆砧木对不同年代育成品种光合生理指标和产量性状的影响显示文摘【目的】研究以超高产大豆品种为砧木嫁接不同年代育成品种,旨在明确嫁接超高产品种的根系对接穗品种叶片生理指标的影响,从而揭示根系改良在大豆育种中的作用。【方法】以来自相同的祖先亲本(Williams和Amsoy)且地理纬度相同的美国俄亥俄州和中国辽宁省不同年代育成的11个代表性大豆品种为接穗,采用劈接法,于子叶期分别与超高产大豆品种辽豆14和中黄35的砧木进行嫁接,其中,以11个不同年代育成品种的自身嫁接处理与不嫁接处理作为对照。在盆栽条件下,于R1、R2、R4、R5、R6期测定植株叶片的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶色值,于成熟期收获后对植株进行考种,测定植株的单株粒数、百粒重和单株产量。【结果】不同生育时期大豆品种的根系活力均表现为辽豆14>中黄35>11个不同年代育成品种,R5期和R6期达到显著或极显著差异水平。叶片的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶色值均呈单峰曲线变化,其中,光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率于R2期达到高峰值,叶色值于R4期达到高峰值,而后开始呈下降趋势。不同年代育成品种在不嫁接与自身嫁接条件下具有相似的变化曲线,而嫁接于超高产品种辽豆14和中黄35的砧木后,曲线下降较缓慢。R5至R6期间,嫁接于自身砧木上的植株其叶片的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶色值平均每天分别下降1.43%、3.67%、3.38%和0.82%,而嫁接于超高产品种砧木上的植株相应下降了1.11%、3.26%、2.05%和0.48%。不同年代育成品种在自身嫁接与不嫁接条件下,其单株粒数、百粒重、单株粒重无显著变化,而与自身作砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高产品种辽豆14或中黄35砧木上后,其单株粒数、百粒重和单株产量分别提高了2.82%、9.36%和10.60%,且当代品种的增幅要大于中期品种和共同亲本。【结论】超高产品种辽豆14和中黄35根系在生殖生长期具有较高的生理活性。嫁接超高产品种砧木可以有效减缓不同年代大豆品种生育后期的叶片光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶色值的下降速率,增强植株的光合能力,进而提高产量。因此,在未来大豆育种工作中,应该更加注重根系的遗传改良。 | 滕菲 李盛有 饶德民 姚兴东 张惠君 敖雪 王海英 Steven St.Martin 谢甫绨 | 2016 | 中国农业科学2016，49，23： | 2 |
| 2 | 基因型肥料互作下大豆群体的时空分布特征显示文摘田间条件下,探讨NPK肥对不同基因型大豆群体时空分布特征及产量的影响。结果表明:随着生育进程的推进,植株叶面积指数、地上部生物产量呈单峰曲线变化规律,叶面积指数峰值出现在出苗后的第8周;而辽豆14和辽豆21地上部生物产量峰值分别出现在出苗后的第12周和第14周。NPK肥提高了叶面积指数平均值。随着植株的不断生长,相对生长速率值变小。大豆茎主要分布于植株下部,叶片主要分布于中上部,叶柄、荚皮和籽粒主要分布于中间部位。植株冠层中部的叶绿素值高于上层和下层,辽豆21叶绿素平均值优于辽豆14,但叶绿素总和却低于辽豆14,NPK肥提高了叶绿素平均值及总和。叶面积累计指数LAIF与透光率倒数的对数ln(IO/IF)间呈显著正相关。基因型和肥料显著影响大豆产量,NPK肥提高了两品种的产量,但辽豆21产量提高得更多。NPK肥也提高了植株的株高、主茎节数、节间长度。无论何种供肥水平,辽豆14的产量显著高于辽豆21,且辽豆14的株高更低、节数更多、节间长度更短。 | 闫春娟 宋书宏 孙旭刚 王文斌 | 2014 | 大豆科学2014，33，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Study on Plant Morphological Traits and Production Characteristics of Super High-Yielding Soybean显示文摘Super high-yielding soybean cultivar Liaodou 14, soybean cultivars from Ohio in the United States, and the common soybean cultivars from Liaoning Province, China, with similar geographic latitudes and identical pod-bearing habits were used as the study materials for a comparison of morphological traits and production characteristics to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of improved super high-yielding soybean cultivars. Using a randomized block design, different soybean cultivars from the same latitude were compared under conventional and unconventional treatments for their production characteristics, including morphological traits, leaf area index (LAI), net photosynthesis rate, and dry matter accumulation. The specific characteristics of the super high-yielding soybean cultivar Liaodou 14 were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height of Liaodou 14 was significantly lower than that of the common cultivars from Liaoning, whereas the number of its main-stem nodes was higher than that of the cultivars from Ohio or Liaoning. A high pod density was observed in Liaodou 14 under conventional treatments. Under both conventional and unconventional treatments, the branch number of Liaodou 14 was markedly higher than that of the common cultivars from Liaoning, and its branch length and leaf inclination angle were significantly higher than those of common cultivars from Liaoning or Ohio. Only small changes in the leaf inclination angle were observed in Liaodou 14 treated with conventional or unconventional methods. Under each treatment, Liaodou 14 exhibited the lowest amplitude of reduction in SPAD values and net photosynthesis rates from the grain-filling to ripening stages; the cultivars from Ohio and the common cultivars from Liaoning exhibited more significant reductions. Liaodou 14 reached its peak LAI later than the other cultivars but maintained its LAI at a higher level for a longer duration. Under both conventional and unconventional treatments, Liaodou 14 produced a higher yield than the other two cultivars, with significant differences from the Ohio cultivars. In summary, super high-yielding soybean cultivars have several main features: suitable plant height, high pod density, good leaf structure with strong functionality, and slow leaf senescence at the late reproductive stage, which is conducive to the accumulation of dry matter and improved yield. | AO Xue ZHAO Ming-hui ZHU Qian LI Jie ZHANG Hui-jun WANG Hai-ying YU Cui-mei LI Chun-hong YAO Xing-dong XIE Fu-ti HAN Xiao-ri | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2013，12，7： | 1 |
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