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| 1 | 玉米生长期土壤抗蚀性特征及其影响因素分析显示文摘土壤抗蚀性是评定土壤抵抗土壤侵蚀能力的重要参数之一,为了摸清川中丘陵区土壤抗蚀力变化特征,该文通过野外调查与室内分析相结合方法,开展玉米生长期土壤抗蚀性特征及其影响因素研究。研究结果表明:玉米季各生育期土壤抗蚀指数随着土粒浸水时间延长均呈下降趋势,0~20 cm土层抗蚀指数均大于>20~40 cm土层。各生育期土壤抗蚀指数总体特征表现为:苗期-小喇叭口期土壤抗蚀指数呈较小的增长趋势,小喇叭口期-抽雄期土壤抗蚀指数呈大幅增加并于抽雄期达最大,抽雄期-成熟期土壤抗蚀指数却呈小幅下降趋势。随玉米生育期推进,土壤抗蚀性总体表现为:抽雄期>成熟期>大喇叭口期>小喇叭口期>苗期。玉米植株对土壤抗蚀性的增强效应主要体现在大喇叭口期-成熟期,0~20 cm土层土壤抗蚀性增强效应明显优于>20~40 cm土层。土壤抗蚀性与土壤容重和>2 mm水稳性团聚体呈显著正相关,与土壤有机质含量和<0.25 mm水稳性团聚体分别呈极显著正相关和负相关,与含根量、根系表面积、根系体积和总根长呈极显著正相关。研究成果为区域水土流失防治措施配置及土壤侵蚀预报提供理论依据。 | 郑子成 张锡洲 李廷轩 金伟 林超文 | 2014 | 农业工程学报2014，30，4： | 26 |
| 2 | 不同炭基改良剂提升紫色土蓄水保墒能力显示文摘通过连续2a田间试验,研究了5种改良剂(秸秆、有机肥、生物炭、炭基改良剂I和炭基改良剂Ⅱ)对紫色丘陵区坡耕地土壤水分库容、孔隙度和团聚体组成及稳定性的影响,分析了土壤水分特征参数与孔隙度和团聚体组成的关系,以期为紫色土区水土保持和土壤改良提供科学依据。结果表明,与不施改良剂(对照)相比,5种炭基改良剂都能提高土壤对降水的截存和保贮能力,显著提高了土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、水分总库容、有效水库容及重力水库容,降低了土壤凋萎点含水量和无效水库容;不同改良剂提升作用大小为改良剂Ⅱ>改良剂I>生物炭>有机肥>秸秆>对照。施用改良剂I、改良剂Ⅱ、生物炭和有机肥显著提高了土壤孔隙度,降低了土壤容重,秸秆的效果不显著。施用炭基改良剂降低了<0.25mm的微团聚体含量,促进了小团聚体向大团聚体的转化,其中对粒径>5mm的机械稳定性大团聚体提升幅度最大,比对照提高14.5%~60.7%;5种炭基改良剂都显著提高了团聚体的平均重量直径及稳定性指数,以炭基改良剂I、炭基改良剂Ⅱ和生物炭的作用效果最大。土壤总库容、重力水库容和有效水库容与总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度以及土壤大团聚体含量呈正相关,而与土壤非毛管孔隙度和小团聚体呈负相关,土壤蓄水保水能力与土壤团聚体组成和孔隙度密切相关。因此,施用炭基改良剂通过促进土壤团聚作用,提高大团聚体含量和土壤孔隙度,进而增大土壤持水量和土壤有效水库容,是改善紫色土结构和提高紫色土坡耕地保水蓄水能力的有效措施。 | 柴冠群 赵亚南 黄兴成 张跃强 石孝均 | 2017 | 水土保持学报2017，31，1： | 17 |
| 3 | 川中丘陵区紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀特征显示文摘利用137Cs示踪方法与耕作侵蚀模型评价了川中丘陵区紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀速率,并通过比较分析方法探讨了2种典型坡耕地-短陡坡与缓长坡耕地-土壤侵蚀特征差异。结果表明,短陡坡耕地土壤侵蚀速率高达52.6 t.hm-2.a-1,是缓长坡耕地土壤侵蚀速率(26.7 t.hm-2.a-1)的2倍。耕作侵蚀是短陡坡耕地的主要侵蚀过程,它整体性搬运土壤,其对土壤总侵蚀的贡献高达74%。水蚀是缓长坡耕地的主要侵蚀过程,其分选性搬运土壤,对土壤总侵蚀的贡献为55%。短陡坡耕地与缓长坡耕地土壤侵蚀速率均沿着向下坡方向逐渐降低,但短陡坡耕地土壤侵蚀速率下降梯度明显高于缓长坡耕地。耕作侵蚀导致两种坡耕地的坡顶土壤损失最为严重。因此,川中丘陵区的耕作侵蚀风险应该引起重视。 | 聂小军 苏艳艳 | 2012 | 生态环境学报2012，21，4： | 15 |
| 4 | 耕作侵蚀对坡耕地土壤水稳定性团聚体和水分特征的影响显示文摘通过模拟顺坡耕作(短期连续耕作45次)的方法研究模拟长期耕作对不同景观位置水稳定性团聚体和水分特征曲线分布等特征的影响。研究结果表明:与对照地相比(等高耕作1次),模拟顺坡耕作样地(试验地)通过连续耕作45次后导致上坡和下坡土壤剖面深度发生显著变化(P〈0.05),在上坡减小55.16%,然而下坡土壤剖面深度增加了40.62%;在中坡部位没有发生显著变化(P〉0.05)。与对照地相比,试验地平均质量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)在上坡部位分别减少29.61%和35.63%,在下坡,MWD和GMD值分别显著增加78.23%和93.48%,然而在中坡,试验地MWD和GMD值仅分别增加13.51%和12.28%。试验地土壤水贮量在上坡部位比对照地降低了49.38%。对照地与试验地水分特征曲线分布显著变化主要发生在上坡和下坡部位。比较对照地,试验地在上坡的低吸力段(0-330kPa)土壤持水能力明显降低,而下坡的高吸力段(330-15 000kPa)土壤持水能力显著增大。这些变化主要是由于耕作侵蚀导致不同景观位置土壤再分布而产生的土壤空间变异性。 | 王勇 张建辉 李富程 | 2015 | 水土保持学报2015，29，1： | 15 |
| 5 | Effect of Root Architecture on Structural Stability and Erodibility of Topsoils during Concentrated Flow in Hilly Loess Plateau显示文摘Traditional vegetation techniques for the control of concentrated flow erosion are widely recognized, whereas only a few studies have experimentally investigated the impacts of belowground roots on the erodibility of topsoils in semi-arid areas. To quantify the effects of root architectures on soil erodibility and its relevant structural properties, simulated flow experiments were conducted at six-week intervals from 18 July to 20 October in 2012 in the hilly Loess Plateau. Five treatments were: 1) bare(control), 2) purple alfalfa(Medicago sativa), representing tap roots(T), 3) switchgrass(Panicum virgatum), representing fibrous roots(F), 4) purple alfalfa and switchgrass, representing both tap and fibrous roots(T + F), and 5) natural recovery(N). For each treatment, soil structural properties and root characteristics were measured at an interval of six weeks. Soil anti-scouribility was calculated. Results showed that grass planting slightly reduced soil bulk density, but increased soil aggregate content by 19.1%, 10.6%, 28.5%, and 41.2% in the treatments T, F, T + F, and N, respectively. Soil shear strength(cohesion and angle of internal friction(φ)) significantly increased after the grass was planted. As roots grew, soil cohesion increased by 115.2%–135.5%, while soil disintegration rate decreased by 39.0%–58.1% in the 21 th week compared with the recorded value in the 9th week. Meanwhile, root density and root surface area density increased by 64.0%–104.7% and 75.9%–157.1%, respectively. No significant differences in soil anti-scouribility were observed between the treatments of T and F or of T + F and N, but the treatments of T + F and N performed more effectively than T or F treatment alone in retarding concentrated flow. Soil aggregation and root surface-area density explained the observed soil anti-scouribility during concentrated flow well for the different treatments. This result proved that the restoration of natural vegetation might be the most appropriate strategy in soil reinforcement in the hilly Loess Plateau. | LI Qiang LIU Guobin ZHANG Zheng TUO Dengfeng XU Mingxiang | 2015 | Chinese Geographical Science2015，25，6： | 13 |
| 6 | 海拔及旅游干扰对武功山山地草甸土壤渗透性的影响显示文摘土壤渗透能力是影响土壤侵蚀的重要因素之一,是反映土壤水源涵养及调节功能的重要指标,目前对于亚热带山地草甸土壤渗透性方面研究较少。江西武功山草甸是亚热带山地草甸的典型代表,以面积广和分布基准海拔低的特点,在华东植被垂直带谱中具有典型性和特殊性,但是人为干扰和过度旅游开发使武功山脆弱的山地草甸出现严重退化和破碎化态势。以武功山不同海拔及旅游干扰程度山地草甸土壤为研究对象,分别测定0—20 cm和20—40 cm土层土壤的初渗率、稳渗率、平均入渗率、前60分钟渗透总量、温度、湿度、容重、最大持水量、最小持水量、毛管持水量、pH、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾等理化指标,分析不同海拔及干扰程度草甸土壤渗透性特征,探讨影响土壤渗透性的相关因子,为亚热带地区退化草甸的修复及可持续经营提供参考。结果表明:(1)1600—1800 m范围,随着海拔升高,土壤渗透性呈降低趋势,在1900 m范围土壤渗透性又有所提高,各海拔土壤渗透性排序为1600 m>1700 m>1900 m>1800 m。(2)随着干扰程度增强,草甸土壤渗透性呈降低趋势,各干扰程度的土壤渗透性排序为无干扰>轻度干扰>中度干扰>重度干扰。(3)所有草甸分布区0—20 cm土层的土壤渗透性均高于20—40 cm土层,初渗率>平均入渗率>稳渗率。(4)通用经验模型更适合武功山草甸土壤水分入渗过程,Horton模型次之,Philip模型和Kostiakov模型拟合效果都比较差。(5)土壤渗透性与土壤湿度、毛管持水量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与容重呈显著负相关(P<0.05),初渗率及平均入渗率与速效氮含量显著正相关(P<0.05),稳渗率、平均入渗率、渗透总量与速效钾含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。 | 李志 袁颖丹 胡耀文 孟文武 张学玲 郭晓敏 张文元 胡冬南 牛德奎 | 2018 | 生态学报2018，38，2： | 12 |
| 7 | 水土保持措施对黄土高原小流域重力侵蚀的调控机理研究显示文摘采用有限差分软件FLAC3D对有无植被及淤地坝的黄土高原小流域重力侵蚀机理进行探索,揭示了主要工程措施(淤地坝)和生物措施(植被)对重力侵蚀的调控机制。通过对比分析无治理措施和实施淤地坝及生态恢复治理措施条件下,小流域位移场、应力场和塑性屈服区分布,揭示了淤地坝和植被措施减缓重力侵蚀的作用。结果表明:植被可使梁峁顶处位移减9.8%,沟坡中下部位移减小11%,淤地坝只能使坝址处位移减少10%;植被可使塑性区体积减少46%,淤地坝可使塑性区体积减少11%。淤地坝增加了流域的凹形边坡,而根系加固作用改善了坡面浅层土体应力,二者均有效降低了坡面土体的应力集中,减少了塑性屈服区体积,但均未改变小流域以剪切破坏为主的屈服模式。小流域小尺度范围内,淤地坝减蚀作用强于植被,而大尺度范围内,植被减蚀效果优于淤地坝。研究成果可为小流域水土保持措施的合理配置提供科学依据。 | 于国强 李占斌 张茂省 裴亮 | 2012 | 土壤学报2012，49，4： | 12 |
| 8 | Changes in SOC and Nutrients under Intensive Tillage in Two Types of Slope Landscapes显示文摘The net effect of tillage erosion on soil properties would be associated with the spatial variation in soil constituents,and therefore plays an important role in ecological agriculture.We conducted a consecutive tillage by hoeing 15 times during a period with no rainfall in the two slope landscapes(a linear slope and complex slope) of the Yangtze Three Gorges reservoir areas,to examine the relationship between soil erosion rates and the variations in soil chemical properties and compare the effects of soil redistribution on SOC and nutrients between the linear and complex slopes.After the simulated tillage,notable changes in 137 Cs inventories of the soil occurred in the summit and toeslope positions on the linear slope,while there were significant changes in 137 Cs inventories at convex and concave positions on the complex slope.Soil profile disappeared at the summit slope boundary,with the exposure area of 16.0% and 7.6% of the experimental plot,respectively,for the linear and complex slopes due to no soil replacement.Soil organic C and nutrients were completely depleted with the disappearance of soil profiles at soil eroding zones,whereas a remarkable increase in SOC,total N and available nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil and a decrease in total nutrient concentrations(P and K) were found at depositional zones on the linear slope.For the complex slope,however,changes in SOC and nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil exhibited a patterndifferent from that on the linear slope,which showed a remarkable decrease in SOC and total nutrient concentrations but a slight increase in available nutrient concentrations after tillage in the toeslope position.Due to the gradual increase in soil depth from top to bottom of the slope,SOC and nutrient inventories in the soil profiles were significantly correlated with soil redistribution rates on both the linear and complex slopes.Tillage causes remarkable changes of soil chemical properties in the surface soil layer and soil profile,and increases SOC and nutrient inventories for the soil profile downslope in steeply sloping landscapes. | LI Fucheng ZHANG Jianhui SU Zhengan | 2012 | Journal of Mountain Science2012，9，1： | 11 |
| 9 | 玉米季横垄坡面细沟侵蚀特征及其影响因素显示文摘通过野外人工模拟降雨试验,开展玉米不同生长期紫色土坡耕地细沟侵蚀特征研究,并分析玉米叶面积、雨强对细沟侵蚀过程的影响。结果表明:随玉米生长期推进,坡面产流时间、跌坎及细沟出现时间总体呈先增加后减少的趋势。苗期、拔节期跌坎与细沟出现的平均间隔时间分别为10′59″和15′30″,抽雄期、成熟期跌坎与细沟出现的平均间隔时间分别为20′16″和18′58″,玉米苗期坡耕地更易产生细沟侵蚀。苗期细沟形态发育完整,2.0 mm min-1雨强条件下,苗期最长细沟的长、宽、深分别为77.62、6.25和4.04 cm。随玉米生长期推进,细沟侵蚀阶段产流量表现为苗期>拔节期>成熟期>抽雄期,苗期和抽雄期细沟侵蚀阶段产流量分别占玉米季径流总量的30.97%和19.01%,玉米各生长期细沟侵蚀阶段产流率均随降雨时间的推移呈波动上升。细沟侵蚀阶段产沙量表现为苗期>拔节期>成熟期>抽雄期,苗期细沟侵蚀阶段产沙量显著高于其他生长期,玉米各生长期细沟侵蚀产沙率均随降雨时间呈波动变化。玉米季坡耕地细沟侵蚀产流量与雨强呈极显著正相关,产沙量与玉米叶面积指数呈显著负相关,产流率、产沙率与叶面积指数和雨强的回归方程均达极显著水平。 | 王鹏飞 郑子成 张锡洲 李廷轩 林超文 | 2016 | 土壤学报2016，53，4： | 10 |
| 10 | 典型黑土区农田土壤碳库及其影响因子显著性变化特征研究显示文摘明确不同时期农田土壤碳库及其显著影响因子对农田土壤固碳具有重要意义。基于北安和克东地区20世纪80年代初全国第二次土壤普查资料,2010年测土配方施肥数据和实际补充采集样品分析数据,利用土壤类型GIS连接法研究土壤有机碳库及密度时空变化特征,并采用方差分析检验不同时期土壤有机碳密度空间变异的影响因子及其显著性差异。结果表明,研究区沟谷和低洼平地农田土壤有机碳密度及下降速率均高于漫岗高平原,表层和剖面的碳库年均下降速率为-0.14 t hm-2a-1和-0.13 t hm-2a-1,碳库储量呈现显著下降趋势。1980年农田表层土壤有机碳密度的显著性影响因子为土壤类型(亚类)、海拔、pH和全磷;2010年影响因子中土壤类型(亚类)和pH依然显著,海拔和全磷不再显著,坡度成为新的显著性影响因子。 | 王充 于东升 张海东 赵永存 史学正 王宁 | 2014 | 土壤学报2014，51，4： | 10 |
| 11 | 猪粪溶解性有机物对紫色土中抗生素迁移的影响显示文摘以川中丘陵区广泛分布的石灰性紫色土(坡耕地与果园土)为研究对象,通过批量平衡与填装土柱实验研究了猪粪溶解性有机物(DOM)对氟苯尼考(FFC)与诺氟沙星(NOR)在土壤中吸附-解吸和淋溶特性的影响.结果表明:FFC在紫色土中吸附较弱(Kf=0.34L/kg(坡耕地)和0.85L/kg(果园土))且存在解吸负迟滞现象.当它随猪粪DOM(50~200mg C/L)同时进入土壤时,FFC在两种土壤中的吸附都显著增加(P<0.05),而猪粪DOM(200mg C/L)预先与土壤发生作用的情况对FFC的吸附促进作用则明显减弱,表明两者对土壤吸附点位存在竞争的同时,猪粪DOM主要以共吸附机制促进FFC在土壤中的吸附;NOR吸附性很强(Kf=405.4L/kg(坡耕地)和516.7L/kg(果园土)),猪粪DOM也能促进NOR在坡耕地土壤中的吸附,而对果园土壤的影响不显著.在20mm/h模拟降雨强度下获得的土柱淋溶穿透曲线表明,FFC极易迁移,在坡耕地土柱中与水流示踪剂Br-几乎同时穿透,其淋溶总量比果园高11.03%~23.39%;NOR未发生穿透,且96.2%~98.6%残留集中分布在0~3cm表层土壤中.与批量平衡实验结果一致,猪粪DOM使FFC穿透时间延迟0.07~0.13孔隙体积,土柱中残留量增加15.21%~25.96%,而对NOR的淋溶没有影响.FTIR与三维荧光光谱分析表明,猪粪DOM主要由酪氨酸和色氨酸组成,在水相中易与FFC形成复合物.综上,对于弱疏水型抗生素,粪源DOM可通过共吸附机制增加抗生素在土壤中的持留,从而减少其淋溶迁移,而对于强吸附性疏水型抗生素则影响不显著. | 罗芳林 刘琛 唐翔宇 杨红薇 | 2020 | 中国环境科学2020，40，9： | 9 |
| 12 | 龙门山地震带坡耕地土壤侵蚀对有机碳迁移的影响显示文摘坡耕地土壤再分布对土壤有机碳(SOC,soil organic carbon)迁移的作用机制研究已成为土壤侵蚀学研究的热点,然而目前极少有研究关注地震后生态脆弱的龙门山地震带坡耕地土壤侵蚀机理及其导致的土壤有机碳再分布规律。该研究选择龙门山地震带内(都江堰市)一块陡坡耕地和一个梯田系列,采用137Cs法和野外调查,对比分析强震导致田埂垮塌和未受损情况下坡耕地土壤侵蚀空间变化特征和有机碳运移变化机理。结果表明,该区黄棕壤有效137Cs背景值为1 473 Bq/m2;坡度较小的坡式梯田内部上坡表现为侵蚀,下坡表现为沉积,同时,上部梯田的侵蚀速率高于下部梯田,但整个梯田系列净侵蚀量非常小,这表明梯田之间由于缺乏田埂的保护,水力也起着侵蚀、搬运上坡梯田土壤的作用,但是整个坡式梯田系列可以起到较好的保土作用,同时,坡式梯田内部主要以耕作侵蚀为主,是造成梯田上部坡位土壤流失严重的主要原因;陡坡耕地的地形为复合坡,由于田埂垮塌导致其土壤侵蚀速率显著高于坡式梯田系列,在整个坡面上,除了坡顶土壤侵蚀速率高之外,下坡坡度变大(曲率较大)的部位土壤侵蚀速率也非常高,同时,土壤沉积也发生在2个坡位(中下坡坡度较缓的部位和坡脚部位);在梯田系列和陡坡耕地上,SOC与土壤137Cs的空间变化规律较为一致。研究结果表明,在龙门山地震带,质量较好的石埂梯田仍然发挥着较好的土壤保持效果,同时,耕作侵蚀是该区坡耕地上一种重要的土壤侵蚀形式,在制定相应的土壤保持措施时,必须充分考虑耕作侵蚀的作用,才能有效地控制土壤侵蚀,此外,该研究结果还表明采用137Cs核素示踪技术可以比较科学地解释该区域的土壤侵蚀速率和SOC的空间变异规律。 | 苏正安 李艳 熊东红 董一帆 张素 张宝军 | 2016 | 农业工程学报2016，32，3： | 9 |
| 13 | 生物炭和保水剂施用对凉山州紫色土理化性质及水分特征的影响显示文摘【目的】土壤干旱缺水和养分亏缺是限制四川省凉山州旱作农业生产的主要因子,本文旨在寻求提高凉山州紫色土蓄水保肥能力的方法和具体措施。【方法】采用大田试验,设置生物炭施用量0、10、20、40和60 t/hm^(2)、保水剂施用量0、45、90、135和180 kg/hm^(2),分别研究生物炭和保水剂施用对土壤有效粒径、容重、孔隙度、养分状况和水分的影响。【结果】与对照相比,土壤有效粒径中>50μm的颗粒百分比在60 t/hm^(2)生物炭处理下增加了8.9%,为19.8%。在180 kg/hm^(2)保水剂处理下增加了7.4%,为18.3%;土壤容重在60 t/hm^(2)生物炭处理下降低了17.0%,为1.08 g/cm^(3),在135 kg/hm^(2)保水剂处理下降低了13.1%,为1.13 g/cm^(3);土壤饱和含水率随生物炭施用量的增加而增大,60 t/hm^(2)生物炭处理提高了20.8%,为51.2%。土壤饱和含水率、田间持水量和毛管含水率随着保水剂施用量的增加先增大后减小,135 kg/hm^(2)保水剂处理分别提高了23.5%、21.3%和25.0%,为53.9%、32.3%和45.6%。土壤有机质在60 t/hm^(2)生物炭处理、135和180 kg/hm^(2)保水剂处理下分别提高了86.4%、146.4%和186.4%,为11.52、15.23和17.70 g/kg。【结论】生物炭和保水剂的施用均能不同程度改善土壤结构,提高紫色土蓄水保肥能力,分别以60 t/hm^(2)生物炭处理和135 kg/hm^(2)保水剂处理效果最佳。 | 徐露 张丹 向宇国 陈凡 陈玉蓝 黄田钫 | 2021 | 西南农业学报2021，34，4： | 8 |
| 14 | Assessment of Soil Erosion by Compensatory Hoeing Tillage in a Purple Soil显示文摘This study explores the role of a traditional tillage method,i.e.,compensatory hoeing,for sustainable agro-ecosystem management in the hilly areas of the Chongqing municipality,south-western China.To validate the effects of compensatory tillage on the terraced slopes,the tillage method of noncompensatory hoeing was conducted on a linear slope.To acquire information about 137 Cs inventories and soil texture,soil samples were collected by a core sampler with a 6.8-cm diameter at 5.0-m intervals along the toposequence and the linear slope in the dry season(March) of 2007.Meanwhile,a tillage erosion model was used for evaluating the spatial pattern of tillage erosion.The 137 Cs data showed that on the terraced slope,soil was lost from the upper slope,and soil deposition occurred at the toe slope positions on each terrace.As a result,abrupt changes in the 137 Cs inventories of soil were found over short distances between two sides of terrace boundaries.Results obtained from the tillage erosion model and the 137 Cs data indicate that soil redistribution mainly results from tillage erosion in the terraced landscape.Consecutive non-compensatory tillage caused soil redistribution on the linear slope,resulting in thin soil profile disappearing at the top and soil accumulating at the bottom positions of the linear slope.This result further validates that compensatory tillage could avoid the complete erosion of the thin soil layer at the summit position.Therefore,this traditional tillage.method,i.e.,compensatory tillage,has maintained the soil quality at the summit of the slope in the past decades. | SU Zhengan ZHANG Jianhui XIONG Donghong LIU Gangcai | 2012 | Journal of Mountain Science2012，9，1： | 8 |
| 15 | Soil Enzyme Activities on Eroded Slopes in the Sichuan Basin, China显示文摘Determining how soil erosion affects enzyme activity may enhance our understanding of soil degradation on eroded agricultural landscapes. This study assessed the changes in enzyme activity with slope position and erosion type by selecting water and tillage erosion-dominated slopes and performing analyses using the137 Cs technique. The137 Cs data revealed that soil loss occurred in the upper section of the two eroded slope types, while soil accumulation occurred in the lower section. The invertase activity increased downslope and exhibited a pattern similar to the137 Cs data. The spatial patterns of urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were similar to the137 Cs inventories on the water and tillage erosion-dominated slopes, respectively. On both the eroded slope types, the invertase activity and soil organic carbon content were correlated, but no correlation was observed between the alkaline phosphatase activity and total phosphorus content. Nevertheless, the urease activity was correlated with the total nitrogen content only on the water erosion-dominated slopes. The enzyme activity-to-microbial biomass carbon ratios indicated high activities of invertase and urease but low activity of phosphatase on the water erosion-dominated slopes compared with the tillage erosion-dominated slopes.Both the invertase activity and the invertase activity-to-microbial biomass carbon ratio varied with the slope position. Changes in the urease activity-to-microbial biomass carbon ratio were significantly affected by the erosion type. These suggested that the dynamics of the invertase activity were linked to soil redistribution on the two eroded slope types, whereas the dynamics of the urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were associated with soil redistribution only on the water or tillage erosion-dominated slopes, respectively. The erosion type had an obvious effect on the activities of invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase. Soil redistribution might influence the involvement of urease in the N cycle and alkaline phosphatase in the P cycle. Thus, enzyme activity-to-microbial biomass ratios may be used to better evaluate microbiological activity in eroded soils. | NIE Xiaojun ZHANG Jianhui GAO Han | 2015 | Pedosphere2015，25，4： | 7 |
| 16 | 土壤侵蚀对紫色土坡耕地耕层物理及力学特性的影响显示文摘【目的】紫色土坡耕地是南方丘陵区农业生产重要的耕地资源,其耕层土壤退化主要为物理退化。为了探讨土壤侵蚀对紫色土坡耕地耕层物理特性及力学特性退化的影响,在耕层土壤退化分级的基础上,定量分析了不同侵蚀程度下紫色土坡耕地耕层物理、力学特性及土壤退化指数的变化特征。【方法】采用铲土侵蚀模拟试验方法,以未侵蚀地块为对照组(CK),对比分析了侵蚀5 cm(S-5)、10 cm(S-10)、15 cm(S-15)、20 cm(S-20)条件下紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤渗透性、土壤力学特性及土壤退化指数变化特征,对坡耕地耕层物理、力学特性的退化程度进行了定量分析。【结果】(1)紫色土坡耕地不同侵蚀程度下耕层土壤渗透性为CK>S-5>S-10>S-15>S-20,土壤初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、平均入渗率、饱和导水率随着侵蚀程度加剧而降低,S-20土壤渗透性能最差;不同侵蚀程度下紫色土坡耕地均表现为0—20 cm土层的土壤渗透性指标高于20—40 cm土层的。(2)紫色土坡耕地不同侵蚀程度耕层土壤力学性质为CK土壤紧实度>饱和导水率>平均入渗率>初始入渗率>抗剪强度。(4)不同侵蚀程度下紫色土坡耕地土壤退化指数大小为S-5(-8.71%)>S-10(-10.95%)>S-20(-12.17%)>S-15(-15.37%),S-15处理对耕层物理性质影响最大,S-15土壤退化指数最小,土壤退化程度为重度退化。不同侵蚀条件下,紫色土坡耕地土壤退化指数10—20 cm土层的最大,土壤退化对10—20 cm土层影响最小。【结论】紫色土坡耕地土壤退化现象严重,不同侵蚀程度土壤的退化等级分为4级,分别为未退化、轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化。研究结果可为坡耕地耕层质量退化过程辨识及恢复调控提供技术参数。 | 江娜 史东梅 蒋光毅 宋鸽 司承静 叶青 | 2020 | 中国农业科学2020，53，9： | 7 |
| 17 | 耕作侵蚀对紫色土坡耕地土壤容重和有机质二维分布的影响显示文摘为了研究耕作侵蚀对坡耕地土壤容重、有机质以及两者相互关系的影响,选择四川盆地中部的简阳县的坡耕地作为研究对象,采用模拟耕作的方法,通过对比模拟耕作前与5次、20次模拟耕作之后的土壤容重、有机质的水平以及垂直变化与分布规律,并探讨耕作侵蚀对两者关系变化的影响规律。研究结果表明:由于耕作侵蚀的搬运作用,5次和20次耕作之后坡顶位置的表层土壤被不断搬运至下坡位置,从而导致坡顶表层土壤容重增加;并且耕作过程中锄头的翻转作用改变了土壤容重在垂直方向的分布。耕作前土壤有机质在各坡面位置的垂直分布可用对数方程描述,然而5次和20次耕作之后其两者之间没有显示任何关系。耕作前土壤有机质含量与土壤容重呈现显著的负相关关系,5次和20次耕作之后,土壤有机质和土壤容重之间无相关关系。因此,耕作侵蚀改变土壤有机质和容重在水平和垂直方向的分布并且改变有机质和容重之间的关系。 | 贾立志 张建辉 王勇 张泽洪 魏宇航 | 2016 | 土壤通报2016，47，6： | 5 |
| 18 | 不同施肥处理对杉木林土壤水源涵养功能的影响显示文摘【目的】林地土壤容重、孔隙度、蓄水性指标和土壤渗透性能反映土壤水源涵养功能大小,以连续施肥6 a的杉木林地为研究对象,研究不同处理的氮、磷肥对杉木林地土壤水源涵养功能的影响,为施肥杉木林地科学经营和水源涵养提供依据。【方法】对杉木林地进行不同的施肥处理:CK、N1 (50 kg·hm^(-2)a^(-1))、N2 (100 kg·hm^(-2)a^(-1))、P (50 kg·hm^(-2)a^(-1))、N1P (50 kg·hm^(-2)a^(-1)+50 kg·hm^(-2)a^(-1))和N2P (100 kg·hm^(-2)a^(-1)+50 kg·hm^(-2)a^(-1))。试验测定了不同深度表层土壤(0~5 cm、5~10 cm和10~20 cm)容重、孔隙度、蓄水性指标和土壤渗透性指标,分析了土壤水源涵养功能与土壤理化性质的相关关系。【结果】1)在0~20 cm土层当中,P和N1P极显著降低了土壤容重(P <0.01),N1P增加了土壤非毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度,P增加了毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度。随着土层深度的增加,土壤容重逐渐增大。2)N1P和N2P显著增加了土壤有机质碳、有效磷、速效钾,但与N2一样降低了土壤pH值。P显著降低了土壤有机质碳、速效钾含量,但增加了有效磷含量。随着土层深度的增加,有机质碳、有效磷、速效钾含量均显著降低,而pH值显著升高。3)P显著增强了5~20 cm土层的持水能力,N1P显著增强了10~20 cm土层的持水能力;在蓄水量当中,P显著增强了0~20 cm土层的最大蓄水量和毛管蓄水量。4)施肥6 a后杉木林土壤初渗率、稳渗率、平均渗透速率和渗透总量比未施肥杉木林土壤上升29.75%,5.45%,20.99%和10.50%。土层分析当中,土壤渗透性均表现为0~5 cm显著高于5~10 cm和10~20 cm土层,且表现为:初渗率>平均入渗率>稳渗率。5)土壤水源涵养功能与土壤容重呈极显著负相关(P <0.01);土壤蓄水性与毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度呈极显著正相关(P <0.01);速效钾与毛管蓄水量呈极显著负相关(P <0.01),与最大蓄水量呈显著负相关(P <0.05)。pH值与渗透性呈极显著负相关(P <0.01);有机质碳、有效磷、速效钾、孔隙度与渗透性呈极显著正相关(P <0.01)。【结论】综合6种施肥处理分析土壤水源涵养功能与土壤理化性质的相关关系,由此得出施用低浓度氮肥与磷肥,可以有效地提高杉木人工林涵养水源的能力,为该地区杉木林地持续经营提供理论参考。 | 张强 谢君毅 牛芸 袁希 方海富 马丽丽 郑诗禹 郭晓敏 | 2021 | 中南林业科技大学学报2021，41，2： | 4 |
| 19 | ^137Cs tracing dynamics of soil erosion,organic carbon,and total nitrogen in terraced fields and forestland in the Middle Mountains of Nepal显示文摘The Middle Mountains is one of the regions of Nepal most vulnerable to water erosion, where fragile geology, steep topography, anomalous climatic conditions, and intensive human activity have resulted in serious soil erosion and enhanced land degradation. Based on the 137 Cs tracing method, spatial variations in soil erosion, organic carbon, and total nitrogen(TN) in terraced fields lacking field banks and forestland were determined. Soil samples were collected at approximately 5 m and 20 m intervals along terraced field series and forestland transects respectively. Mean 137 Cs inventories of the four soil cores from the reference site was estimated at 574.33 ± 126.22 Bq m-2(1 Bq(i.e., one Becquerel) is equal to 1 disintegration per second(1 dps)). For each terrace, the 137 Cs inventory generally increased fromupper to lower slope positions, accompanied by a decrease in the soil erosion rate. Along the entire terraced toposequence, 137 Cs data showed that abrupt changes in soil erosion rates could occur between the lower part of the upper terrace and the upper part of the immediate terrace within a small distance. This result indicated that tillage erosion is also a dominant erosion type in the sloping farmland of this area. At the same time, we observed a fluctuant decrease in soil erosion rates for the whole terraced toposequence as well as a net deposition at the toe terrace. Although steep terraces(lacking banks and hedgerows) to some extent could act to limit soil sediment accumulation in catchments, soil erosion in the terraced field was determined to be serious. For forestland, with the exception of serious soil erosion that had taken place at the top of slopes due to concentrated flows from a country road situated above the forestland site, spatialvariation in soil erosion was similar to the 'standard' water erosion model. Soil organic carbon(SOC) and TN inventories showed similar spatial patterns to the 137 Cs inventory for both toposequences investigated. However, due to the different dominant erosion processes between the two, we found similar patterns between the <0.002 mm soil particle size fraction(clay sized) and 137 Cs inventories in terraced fields, while different patterns could be found between 137 Cs inventories and the <0.002 mm soil particle size fraction in the forestland site. Such results confirm that 137 Cs can successfully trace soil erosion, SOC and soil nitrogen dynamics in steep terraced fields and forestland in the Middle Mountains of Nepal. | SU Zheng-an XIONG Dong-hong DENG Wei DONG Yi-fan MA Jing PADMA C Poudel GURUNG B Sher | 2016 | Journal of Mountain Science2016，13，10： | 4 |
| 20 | 碳酸钙对石灰性土壤颗粒组成测定的影响显示文摘采取化学分析和Tessier连续提取法,对西宁市6个功能区城市土壤重金属cu、zn、Pb和cd的含量及形态进行研究。结果表明:西宁市各功能区土壤的cu、zn、Pb和cd的全量分别是全国土壤相应重金属几何平均值的1.9。5.2,1.9~6.9,0.8-4.0,7.4~11.1倍,4种重金属污染比较严重。6个功能区的重金属cu、zn、Pb和cd含量进行差异显著性分析,结果是广场区cu的含量与风景区的差异不显著(P〉0.05),但与其他4个功能区差异显著(P〈0.05);风景区与开发区差异显著(P〈0.05),但与其他4个功能区差异不显著(P〉0.05);开发区zn的含量与商业区和居民区的差异显著(JP〈0.05),而其他各功能区间差异均不显著(P〉0.05);各功能区Ph和cd的含量均无显著差异(P〉0.05)。研究土壤中重金属的化学形态有较大的差异,Cu以残渣态和有机结合态为主;Zn以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主;Pb和cd以残渣态为主。Cu活性相对较高的土壤出现在风景区、矿冶区和居民区,zn活性相对较高的土壤出现在风景区和广场区,Pb活性相对较高的土壤出现在风景区和居民区,cd活性相对较高的土壤出现在矿冶区和开发区,研究土壤中4种重金属均具有一定的生物有效性和潜在的生态危害性。 | 李富程 张建辉 | 2013 | 土壤通报2013，44，1： | 3 |
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