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| 1 | 水稻植株氮素吸收与籽粒蛋白质积累模型显示文摘【目的】建立基于生理生态过程的水稻籽粒蛋白质积累模拟模型。【方法】基于不同地点、品种及施氮水平的田间试验资料,通过解析花前植株氮素吸收与积累、花后氮素吸收与转运的动态特征及定量关系,构建水稻植株氮素吸收与籽粒蛋白质积累的模拟模型。【结果】水稻籽粒中氮素积累速率取决于源限制下的可获取氮源和库限制下的氮素积累速率;源限制下的可获取氮源取决于营养器官向籽粒转运的氮素和花后植株吸收的氮素,库限制下的氮素积累速率由潜在氮素积累速率及温度、水分和氮素因子效应来综合决定。营养器官中的氮素转运又分为叶片和茎中积累氮素的转运;花前叶片和茎中的相对氮含量随播后生长度日线性增加;花后叶片和茎中的相对氮含量随花后生长度日线性递减;花后吸收的氮素随籽粒重的增加对数递增。利用独立的田间试验资料对所建模型进行了检验,结果显示模拟值与观测值之间具有较好的一致性,其中花前叶片与茎秆氮素吸收量、花后籽粒氮素吸收量、花后叶片与茎秆中氮素转运量的决定系数分别为0.968、0.980、0.974、0.970和0.976,根均方差分别为16.55%、13.24%、9.53%、10.93%和9.29%;籽粒蛋白质含量的决定系数分别为0.930,根均方差分别为7.82%。【结论】模型对不同栽培条件下水稻植株氮素吸收与转运以及籽粒蛋白质积累具有较好的预测性,为水稻生产中籽粒蛋白质指标的动态预测提供了量化工具。 | 陈洁 汤亮 刘小军 曹卫星 朱艳 | 2011 | 中国农业科学2011，44，10： | 8 |
| 2 | 栽培模式对寒地水稻产量和营养品质的影响显示文摘以龙粳46和龙庆稻3号为试验材料,设置不施氮空白栽培模式(N0)、当地农民高产栽培模式(FP)、高产高效栽培模式(HYHE)和超高产栽培模式(SHY),探究不同栽培模式对寒地水稻产量及稻米蛋白质组分、蛋白质、氨基酸和矿质元素含量的影响,以期为寒地水稻高产优质栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,龙粳46和龙庆稻3号的产量均以SHY模式最高,分别较HYHE模式显著提高14.24%和30.65%,较FP模式显著提高22.19%和40.21%;与FP模式相比,2个水稻品种在SHY模式下,水稻籽粒清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白、总蛋白质含量分别显著提高20.37%、12.94%、10.74%、28.26%、10.04%和26.79%、12.90%、9.96%、27.45%、8.72%,氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量、非必需氨基酸含量分别显著提高5.30%、4.95%、5.48%和7.52%、12.38%、4.87%,而HYHE模式对其影响不显著;栽培模式对水稻籽粒矿质元素含量的影响程度因品种和矿质元素种类而异,SHY模式对龙粳46 Zn、Na、Ca、Cu含量的影响较大,分别较FP模式显著提高46.77%、48.56%、69.35%、56.15%,而对龙庆稻3号Mg、K含量影响较大,分别较FP模式显著提高63.18%、46.16%;球蛋白、谷蛋白含量分别与Mn含量呈极显著、显著正相关,醇溶蛋白含量与Mg含量呈显著负相关。综上,超高产栽培模式可以在保证寒地水稻高产的基础上,有效改善稻米的营养品质,高产高效栽培模式次之。 | 胡月 郭晓红 李猛 姜红芳 那永光 蓝金路 王洪洋 宋蕊 | 2019 | 河南农业科学2019，48，3： | 6 |
| 3 | Rice seed storage proteins:Biosynthetic pathways and the effects of environmental factors显示文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is the most important food crop for at least half of the world’s population.Due to improved living standards,the cultivation of high-quality rice for different purposes and markets has become a major goal.Rice quality is determined by the presence of many nutritional components,including seed storage proteins(SSPs),which are the second most abundant nutrient components of rice grains after starch.Rice SSP biosynthesis requires the participation of multiple organelles and is influenced by the external environment,making it challenging to understand the molecular details of SSP biosynthesis and improve rice protein quality.In this review,we highlight the current knowledge of rice SSP biosynthesis,including a detailed description of the key molecules involved in rice SSP biosynthetic processes and the major environmental factors affecting SSP biosynthesis.The effects of these factors on SSP accumulation and their contribution to rice quality are also discussed based on recent findings.This recent knowledge suggests not only new research directions for exploring rice SSP biosynthesis but also innovative strategies for breeding high-quality rice varieties. | Wei He Long Wang Qinlu Lin Feng Yu | 2021 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2021，63，12： | 3 |
| 4 | Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Genotype on Rice Grain Macronutrients and Micronutrients显示文摘High nitrogen(N)input features China’s intensive rice production system.To elucidate N and genotype effects on accumulation of macronutrients and micronutrients in grains of japonica rice,and to discuss its significance in rice production,a three-year field experiment involving six japonica rice varieties and seven N treatments were performed.Macronutrients(Ca,Mg,K,and Na)and micronutrients(Cu,Fe,Mn,and Zn)concentrations in brown and milled rice were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.For macronutrients,no consistently significant effect of N was detected in both brown and milled rice.For micronutrients,N showed significant effect,especially in lowering Zn accumulation in brown and milled rice.In addition,N tended to increase Fe concentration in milled rice.Genotype showed larger effect on distribution of minerals in milled rice than N.The high-yielding variety,Wuyunjing 7,accumulated larger proportion of Mg,K,and Zn in the milled rice as compared with the other five varieties,and could be of value for rice breeding programs aiming at high nutritional quality.The results demonstrated differences in response to N between macronutrients and micronutrients,and are of significance for coping with‘hidden hunger’both in humans and crops through agronomical practices. | LIN Zhao-miao NING Hui-feng BI Jun-guo QIAO Jiang-fang LIU Zheng-hui LI Gang-hua WANG Qiang-sheng WANG Shao-hua DING Yan-feng | 2014 | Rice science2014，21，4： | 1 |
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