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1全废钢连续加料电弧炉短流程碳排放计算及分析显示文摘电弧炉短流程作为钢铁行业典型生产流程之一,具有节能减排优势.当前,对碳排放研究主要集中在高炉—转炉长流程,对电弧炉短流程研究较少,而全废钢连续加料电弧炉短流程作为近年来被大力推广的短流程炼钢工艺,其碳排放研究更少.对此,本文以典型全废钢连续加料电弧炉短流程为研究对象,采用碳排放因子法,计算其碳排放情况,并与长流程及短流程不同工艺碳排放量进行对比分析.结果表明:在本研究工艺条件下,全废钢连续加料电弧炉短流程吨钢碳排放量为0.911 t,相比于长流程及其他短流程工艺具有良好减排效果,是钢铁工业实现“脱碳化”的重要途径.通过发展高效化冶炼技术、绿色化生产技术和智能化控制技术等,全废钢连续加料电弧炉短流程还可进一步减少碳排放.姚聪林 朱红春 姜周华 潘涛 张锐 王广瑞 罗长永 2020材料与冶金学报2020,19,4:19
2中国钢铁工业CO_2排放现状与减排展望显示文摘结合我国钢铁工业CO2排放现状,概述了增加废钢电炉工艺粗钢产量、采用高质量铁料、改善能源结构、采用低碳炼钢技术、加强生产设备大型化和应用节能技术等CO2减排措施.我国钢铁行业目前的主要节能技术有干熄焦、煤调湿、煤气回收利用、余热余能回收利用及低压饱和蒸汽发电等.通过各种节能技术的应用,2020年CO2排放量可降低2.9亿t.根据减排措施的可操作性和实现阶段,从短期和长期两方面对我国钢铁工业CO2减排进行了展望.徐文青 李寅蛟 朱廷钰 曹万杰 2013过程工程学报2013,13,1:18
3钢铁企业能源消耗与CO_2减排关系显示文摘建立了钢铁企业长流程CO2过程排放模型,给出总排放和工序排放的计算方法.计算发现:国内某800万t产量规模的典型钢铁企业CO2总排放在2007年达到1561.64万t,吨钢排放1.85t CO2;工序排放从大到小依次为炼铁、焦化、烧结、轧钢、炼钢、熔剂焙烧和球团工序,其中炼铁和焦化工序排放分别占总排放的58.83%和11.25%.为了评价钢铁企业能源消耗和CO2减排关系,提出钢铁企业CO2综合排放因子和能耗碳饱和指数评价方法.研究表明,为了减少CO2排放,钢铁企业不仅需要降低总体能耗,还需要降低能耗的碳饱和指数,能耗碳饱和指数与能源结构相关,能源结构中CO2总影响系数大的能源种类消耗量越大(例如焦炭),碳饱和指数越高,越不利于CO2的减排.这说明实现钢铁生产的生态园区化、优化能源结构以及加强钢铁生产的能源转换功能对钢铁企业减排有显著作用.卢鑫 白皓 赵立华 刘雪婷 苍大强 2012北京科技大学学报2012,34,12:17
4“中国式”电炉炼钢流程碳排放特点及其源解析显示文摘电炉炼钢流程,因其注入过多铁水在中国并未发挥减碳作用,本文称其为'中国式'电炉炼钢流程.对此,本文在建立研究边界的基础上,结合排放因子法,构建了'中国式'电炉炼钢流程的碳排放桑基图,探寻碳排放的路径.结果显示:采用'中国式'电炉炼钢,吨钢CO_2排放量为3.070 t.其中,电炉炼钢工序CO_2排放量最大,为1.400 t.特别地,代替废钢加入铁水导致CO_2排放1.419 t.分析发现:中国钢铁企业处于成长期,废钢指数小,废钢资源不足;废钢回收利用系统不完善;工业用电价格高.这些因素造成电炉炼钢流程采用了过多的铁水进行冶炼.那洪明 高成康 郭玉华 田凡 2019东北大学学报(自然科学版)2019,40,2:13
5氧气高炉多区域约束性数学模型显示文摘将氧气高炉分为高温区、固体炉料区和煤气加热区三个区域,并分析了各区域的物理约束和化学约束条件.在物料平衡和能量平衡的基础上,建立了氧气高炉多区域约束性数学模型.理论分析和计算结果表明:多区域约束性数学模型可以弥补全炉热平衡的不足,反映热量在不同区域的利用价值;固体炉料区受间接还原反应和热平衡的约束,随着金属化率的升高,需要循环煤气量逐渐增大;当金属化率很高时,在高温区和固体炉料区满足热平衡条件下,虽然计算得到的燃料比很低,但煤气加热区煤气量不能实现平衡.郭培民 高建军 赵沛 2011北京科技大学学报2011,33,3:12
6铁焦制备与高炉应用的研究进展显示文摘钢铁工业长期面临着资源短缺和环境污染的的发展现状,实现节能减排和绿色冶金是钢铁工业实现可持续发展的重点。而高炉炼铁是钢铁工业节能减排的关键,急需研发低碳高炉炼铁新技术。复合铁焦是实现低碳高炉炼铁的一种新型碳铁复合炉料。高炉使用铁焦后可降低热储备区温度,提高冶炼效率,降低焦比,从而实现CO2减排。综述了国内外铁焦制备与应用的研究进展,主要包括铁焦的制备工艺和高炉应用。归纳了各种铁焦制备工艺的特点。同时提出并研究了矿煤压块-竖炉炭化-高炉应用的冷压型铁焦制备与应用新技术。重点进行了冷压型铁焦的制备及冶金性能优化、高炉应用冷压型铁焦等试验研究。冷压型铁焦制备适宜的工艺条件为,质量分数为30%铁矿粉、45%烟煤1、10%烟煤2、10%烟煤3、5%无烟煤、5%沥青类黏结剂B混合加热至60℃,并进行冷压成型;成型压块再经竖炉1000℃炭化4h;获得抗压强度3977N、I型转鼓强度77.7%、反应性69.7%、反应后强(固定气化溶损量20%)42%的优质铁焦。高炉综合炉料中添加质量分数20%~30%冷压型铁焦,综合炉料熔滴性能明显改善。以上研究为铁焦实现工业化生产与低碳高炉炼铁应用提供了参考。鲍继伟 储满生 柳政根 韩冬 曹来更 郭俊 2020钢铁2020,55,8:10
7转底炉珠铁工艺及其在中国的应用前景显示文摘新的历史阶段,资源短缺和环保压力对钢铁企业的生存和钢铁工业的可持续发展提出了严峻挑战,开发炼铁新工艺成为必然。转底炉珠铁工艺是近十几年来兴起的一项煤基非高炉炼铁新工艺,并已经实现了商业化应用。该工艺能实现渣铁快速分离,得到高品质珠铁,且在能源、成本、环保、原料适应性等方面有较强的竞争力。综述了该工艺发展历程、基本特点和应用潜力,进而结合中国钢铁工业节能减排要求和资源现状,指出了该工艺在中国钢铁冶金和资源利用领域可持续发展中的意义。最后,简要介绍了针对该工艺课题组已有的研究基础。王广 薛庆国 孔令坛 2013中国冶金2013,23,12:8
8直接还原竖炉氢气利用率的数值分析及优化显示文摘在氢气直接还原铁竖炉内氢气的利用率较低,故在竖炉上部增加吹氧装置来实现炉内物理能和化学能的最佳利用,提高氢气利用率。通过计算流体力学软件模拟氢气竖炉和吹氧竖炉还原段的温度场、气体分布,计算出炉内能量的消耗。结果表明,在还原段上部7 m处吹氧,每还原出1 t铁的吹氧量为26.78 Nm3,吹氧竖炉与氢气竖炉相比:氢气利用率提高33.43%,氢气用量减少22.08%,炉顶气还原势降低61.84%,能耗减少14.72%,吹氧周围及上部炉料温度有所升高。白明华 李路叶 徐宽 韩少峰 吕建超 董京波 2016燕山大学学报2016,40,6:6
9富氧顶吹熔融还原技术冶炼高磷铁矿的研究显示文摘云南省的高磷铁矿具有其独特性,不但难选,而且难以大量应用于高炉炼铁,因此高磷铁矿的处理是云南省钢铁企业亟待解决的一个问题。主要介绍了一种富氧顶吹熔融还原冶炼技术,并采用该技术处理一种高磷铁矿,研究了富氧率和风量对炉温的影响,重点分析了炉渣的性质,并通过测定冶炼后生铁和炉渣中各元素的百分含量讨论了此工艺的冶炼效果。汤忖江 王华 卿山 施哲 丁跃华 李亮清 张竹明 杨雪峰 2011材料导报2011,25,8:5
10电化学方法制铁研究的进展显示文摘传统的钢铁生产工艺能耗高、二氧化碳排放量大。电化学法炼铁的生产效率高,将电化学炼铁技术与新能源技术相结合,可实现零碳排放炼铁。电化学技术在生产高纯和超高纯铁基合金方面也具有独特的优势。随着现代高新技术的发展,高纯铁的需求量越来越大,电化学法炼铁的前景也愈加广阔。从高温熔盐(熔融氧化物)和低温水溶液电化学两个方面概述了国内外电化学制铁技术的进展。阐述了用不同电化学方法制铁的优缺点。展望了电化学冶炼技术的发展方向。许茜 黎阿巧 孙晨藤 程红伟 邹星礼 鲁雄刚 2021上海金属2021,43,1:4
11铁焦高温冶金性能评价方法的研究进展显示文摘铁焦作为低碳高炉炼铁的一种新型碳铁复合炉料,其高温冶金性能至关重要。铁焦的高温冶金性能直接关系到其在高炉内的实际应用以及高炉的冶炼效率。国内外相关学者对铁焦的高温冶金性能做了试验研究,并相继提出了评价铁焦高温冶金性能的新方法。但是,目前还没有统一的合理的铁焦高温冶金性能评价方法。总结了当前铁焦高温冶金性能评价方法的研究现状及进展。同时,采用各种方法评价铁焦高温冶金性能,并与相同条件下焦炭的高温冶金性能进行对比。通过分析比较,并结合高炉冶炼的实际情况,提出了较为科学的评价铁焦高温冶金性能的新方法。新评价方法的提出,将为铁焦的生产制备和高炉应用提供理论参考。鲍继伟 储满生 王宏涛 柳政根 韩冬 郭俊 2021钢铁研究学报2021,33,10:4
12Direct reduction of iron ore by biomass char显示文摘By using thermogravimetric analysis the process and mechanism of iron ore reduced by biomass char were investigated and compared with those reduced by coal and coke. It is found that biomass char has a higher reactivity. The increase of carbon-to-oxygen mole ratio (C/O) can lead to the enhancement of reaction rate and reduction fraction, but cannot change the temperature and trend of each reaction. The reaction temperature of hematite reduced by biomass char is at least 100 K lower than that reduced by coal and coke, the maximum reaction rate is 1.57 times as high as that of coal, and the final reaction fraction is much higher. Model calculation indicates that the use of burden composed of biomass char and iron ore for blast furnaces can probably decrease the temperature of the thermal reserve zone and reduce the CO equilibrium concentration.Hai-bin Zuo Zheng-wen Hu Jian-liang Zhang Jing Li Zheng-jian Liu 2013International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2013,20,6:4
13喷吹循环煤气氧气高炉的静态模型显示文摘根据整体及各区域的物理化学约束条件建立了氧气高炉工艺综合数学模型.通过模型的计算结果对能量在不同区域的利用情况进行了分析.得出结论如下:氧气高炉无煤气循环流程的一次能耗很高,燃料比在600 kg/tHM以上,并且无法实现高温区和固体炉料区之间的能量匹配.炉顶煤气循环后,可以实现能量在高温区和固体炉料区的同时平衡;在同时满足全炉热平衡和区域热平衡的条件下,氧气高炉炉身喷吹循环煤气流程的理论燃烧温度过高,而炉缸喷吹循环煤气流程的理论燃烧温度偏低;对于氧气高炉炉身、炉缸同时喷吹循环煤气流程,随着循环煤气量的增大,焦比升高,煤比降低,理论燃烧温度可以维持在合理的范围内.高攀 李强 张作良 张伟 邹宗树 干勇 2013材料与冶金学报2013,12,1:3
14炭化工艺参数对铁焦冶金性能的影响显示文摘复合铁焦被认为是实现低碳高炉炼铁的革新技术之一。为了获得高质量的铁焦,需要采用适宜的炭化工艺条件。研究了炭化工艺参数对铁焦机械强度、反应性和反应后强度等冶金性能的影响,并对炭化后铁焦的金属化率、微观结构和碳微晶结构进行了解析。结果表明,炭化温度的升高可以提高铁焦的抗压强度和反应性。当温度为900~1000℃时,铁焦的抗压强度和反应性较优。炭化时间的延长可以使铁焦的抗压强度提高,反应性降低。当炭化时间为3~4h时,铁焦抗压强度和反应性较优。升温速度越快,铁焦的机械强度越低。适宜的升温速度为:Ⅰ段(室温至550℃)小于7℃/min,Ⅱ段(550℃至1000℃)小于5℃/min。为防止铁焦冶金性能因碳气化溶损反应而劣化,在CO和CO2混合炭化气氛中,CO2与CO体积比(V(CO2)/V(CO))应控制在0.11以下。在优化的炭化工艺条件下,制备的铁焦抗压强度大于3500N,反应性大于60%,反应后强度在16%左右。鲍继伟 储满生 柳政根 韩冬 曹来更 郭俊 2020钢铁研究学报2020,32,7:3
15氧气高炉条件下含铁炉料的程序还原行为实验研究显示文摘采用高炉多区域约束数学模型对典型氧气高炉流程进行模拟计算,确定了其在不同位置处的煤气成分,并结合传统高炉的升温制度,采用程序还原实验装置对含铁炉料在氧气高炉和传统高炉中的还原历程进行研究。结果表明,氧气高炉条件下,烧结矿和球团矿的还原开始温度较传统高炉分别降低60℃和150℃;当温度达到1 100℃时,氧气高炉条件下,烧结矿和球团矿的还原度(RI)基本均达到100%,而传统高炉下其还原度(1 RI)分别为94%和83.1%。另外,经对反应后炉料的化学分析得出,氧气高炉条件下烧结矿和球团矿中的含碳量分别约为传统高炉条件下的10倍和2.5倍。乔哲 张华杰 王静松 佘雪峰 薛庆国 2014太原理工大学学报2014,45,1:3
16Fluidization behavior and reducibility of iron ore fines during hydrogen-induced fluidized bed reduction显示文摘A laboratory fluidized bed reactor was used to investigate the fluidization behavior and reducibility of various iron ore fines.Hydrogen was chosen as a reducing agent across a temperature range of 873-1073 K.The magnetite ore used exhibited strong sticking behavior after the initiation of metallic iron formation.All other tested ores fluidized sufficiently well when subjected to the same high reduction temperatures.Parallel kinetic analysis was conducted using a previously developed model to include three rate-limiting step types.The trend of apparent activation energy was correlated with the degree of reduction.Additionally,the influence of varying the specific gas rate was investigated.The results show the variation in reducibility as a result of different interactions,which influence the rate-limiting mechanisms of nucleation and the undertaken chemical reactions,which vary as a function of temperature and degree of conversion.The apparent activation energies,determined from the reduction of wtistite to metallic iron,were in the range of 15-60 kJ/mol,depending on the iron ore used and the degree of conversion.The change in apparent activation energy deriving from the increased specific gas rate can be explained by an increasing nucleation effect,especially at lower reduction temperatures.Daniel Spreitzer Johannes Schenk 2020Particuology2020,18,5:2
17钢铁生产企业温室气体排放总量核算分析显示文摘钢铁行业已被纳入全国碳排放交易市场,准确计算钢铁企业碳排放总量对推进应对气候变化工作的意义重大。文中选取一家采用废钢生产钢材的短流程钢铁加工企业,对比分析了在两种计算方法下该企业碳排放总量的差异,为钢铁企业选用碳排放总量的计算方法提出建议。赵沐雯 倪俊 2020能源研究与利用2020,,6:2
18Theoretical Foundation of Carbonation Pellet Process for Ferrous Sludge Recycling显示文摘For the recycling of ferrous sludge from steel industry,the carbonation pellet process should be considered as a 'green' process,since no impurities are added as well as CO2 can be sequestrated and consumed.Through the thermodynamic calculation,the carbonation reaction can occur spontaneously and is an exothermic reaction.Based on the kinetic analysis through unreacted core model,the interfacial chemical reaction was the rate controlling step in the initial fast stage of carbonation,and the CO2 diffusion through the CaCO3 product layer was the rate controlling step in the following extremely slow stage.For the carbonation bonded mechanism,the pellet strength was gained by the formation and growing of CaCO3 product layer.Since the interfacial chemical reaction was the critical stage of the entire carbonation process,the emphasizes should be focused on the improvement of sorbent activity and the optimization of process parameters,such as pore structure,pore surface area,and total pressure,CO2 partial pressure,reaction temperature,etc to accelerate the reaction rate and to improve the quality of carbonation pellets.HU Chang-qing HAN Tao ZHANG Yu-zhu ZHANG Zhi-xia 2011Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2011,18,12:1
19Numerical simulation of flash reduction in a drop tube reactor with variable temperatures显示文摘A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model was developed to accurately predict the flash reduction process,which is considered an efficient alternative ironmaking process.Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted in drop tube reactors to verify the accuracy of the CFD model.The reduction degree of ore particles was selected as a critical indicator of model prediction,and the simulated and experimental results were in good agreement.The influencing factors,including the particle size(20–110μm),peak temperature(1250–1550°C),and reductive atmosphere(H_(2)/CO),were also investigated.The height variation lines indicated that small particles(50μm)had a longer residence time(3.6 s)than large particles.CO provided a longer residence time(~1.29 s)than H_(2)(~1.09 s).However,both the experimental and analytical results showed that the reduction degree of particles in CO was significantly lower than that in H2 atmosphere.The optimum experimental particle size and peak temperature for the preparation of high-quality reduced iron were found to be 50μm and 1350°C in H2 atmosphere,and40μm and 1550°C in CO atmosphere,respectively.Yiru Yang Qipeng Bao Lei Guo Zhe Wang Zhancheng Guo 2022International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2022,29,2:1
20Thermal and chemical analysis of massive use of hot briquetted iron inside basic oxygen furnace显示文摘The integrated steelmaking cycle based on the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace(BOF)route plays an important role in the production of plain and ultra-low carbon steel,especially for deep drawing operations.BOF steelmaking is based on the conversion of cast iron in steel by impinging oxygen on the metal bath at supersonic speed.In order to avoid the addition of detrimental chemical elements owing to the introduction of uncontrolled scrap and in order to decrease environmental impact caused by the intensive use of coke for the production of cast iron,HBI(hot briquetted iron)can be used as a source of metal and a fraction of cast iron.Forty industrial experimental tests were performed to evaluate the viability of the use of HBI in BOF.The experimental campaign was supported by a thermal prediction model and realized through the estimation of the oxidation enthalpy.Furthermore,the process was thermodynamically analyzed based on oxygen potentials using the off-gas composition and the bath temperature evolution during the conversion as reference data.Cosmo Di Cecca Silvia Barella Carlo Mapelli Andrea Gruttadauria Andrea Francesco Ciuffini Davide Mombelli Enrico Bondi 2017Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2017,24,9:0
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