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| 1 | 基于土壤微生物生物量碳和酶活性指标的土壤肥力质量评价初探显示文摘土壤质量评价是分析土壤管理措施对土壤质量影响的最重要的手段。以松嫩平原草地为对象,分析玉米地、苜蓿地、自然恢复草地、羊草地和羊草割草地5种利用方式短期(4年)内土壤微生物生物量碳含量以及过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的变化,采用土壤质量指数法对不同土地利用方式下的土壤肥力质量进行定量评价,探讨基于土壤微生物生物量碳和酶活性指标的土壤肥力质量变化的原因。结果表明,土地利用方式对土壤微生物生物量碳含量、脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性具有极显著(P<0.01)的影响,而对过氧化氢酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性没有显著影响。草地恢复明显提高了土壤微生物生物量碳的含量与土壤酶的活性,其中蔗糖酶活性增加幅度最大,4种草地利用方式的敏感性指数均大于1.94,响应最敏感,而过氧化氢酶活性的增加幅度最小,4种草地利用方式的敏感性指数均小于1.13,响应最差。苜蓿地、自然恢复草地、羊草地和羊草割草地中分别有4个、3个、2个和1个土壤微生物指标的敏感性指数大于1.5,研究区内种植苜蓿对土壤微生物指标的改善作用最大。线性与非线性土壤质量指数间具有极显著的正相关关系,表明它们均能准确的反映出土地利用变化对土壤肥力质量的影响。草地恢复显著提高了研究区内的土壤肥力质量,其中苜蓿地的土壤质量指数最高,其线性和非线性土壤质量指数分别为0.89和0.60,自然恢复草地、羊草割草地和羊草地次之,玉米地最低,其线性和非线性土壤质量指数仅为0.55和0.30。研究表明,在松嫩平原土壤条件较差的地区种植苜蓿可能是改善土壤肥力质量最佳的利用方式之一。 | 禹朴家 范高华 韩可欣 周道玮 | 2018 | 农业现代化研究2018，39，1： | 25 |
| 2 | 气候变化对北方农牧交错带界线变迁影响的定量探测方法研究显示文摘气候对北方农牧交错带界线变迁的定量影响是目前生态脆弱敏感区对气候变化响应领域的研究热点问题。前人已在气候变化对农牧交错带界线的定性影响方面有较为深刻的认识,但仍缺乏在时间和空间上对气候贡献率进行有针对性的定量辨识。本文利用1970年以来长时间序列的国家气象站点数据和土地利用遥感解译数据,分别提取了基于气候要素和土地利用的20世纪70年代、80年代、90年代和21世纪前10年4个时期的北方农牧交错带界线,通过垂直和水平方向变动探测方法(Fish Net)和界线变迁方向变动探测方法(DSAS)对气候界线与土地利用界线的时空变化进行探测,定量分析了不同时期气候对农牧交错带界线变迁影响的贡献率。结果表明,气候与土地利用界线空间分布格局及气候贡献率在不同时期、不同区域差异较大,在西北地区变幅最小,东北地区变幅最大。在大兴安岭东南缘农田控制水源涵养生态功能区西北段以及内蒙古高原东南缘农、林、牧业生态—生产功能区西北段,气候与土地利用界线空间耦合关系最为密切,在该地区基于Fish Net方法下水平方向上气候贡献率达10.7%~44.4%,垂直方向上达4.7%~55.9%;基于DSAS方法下气候贡献率为1.1%~16.8%。两种方法探测结果大部分趋于一致,但DSAS方法精度高,适用于小范围精确探测;Fish Net方法更简单,适用于精度要求不高、快速直观的统计分析。本研究可为北方农牧交错带内农牧业生产适应气候变化、合理开发土地生产潜力、保护农牧交错带区内生态环境提供科学依据和指导。 | 史文娇 刘奕婷 石晓丽 | 2017 | 地理学报2017，72，3： | 14 |
| 3 | Effects of vegetation height and density on soil temperature variations显示文摘Reduction in vegetation cover caused by human activities has a great impact on soil temperature. It is important to assess how soil temperature responds to reduction of vegetation height and density. In this paper we first report the trends of mean annual soil surface and air temperatures recorded at the meteorological stations near the Ecological Research Station for Grassland Farming (ERSGF) from 1961 to 2007, then we setup an experiment using reed (Phragmites australis) stalks with different heights and densities to simulate effects of different vegetation height and density on soil and air temperatures. The warming rates of the mean annual soil and air temperatures were 0.043 and 0.041C a 1 , respectively. Changes of soil temperature were characterized by both increased mean annual maximum and minimum soil temperatures. At the experimental site, mean daily temperature, mean daily maximum soil and air temperatures increased significantly. In contrast, mean daily minimum soil temperature increased significantly while mean daily minimum air temperature decreased significantly as the height and density of reed stalks reduced during the experimental period. Mean diurnal soil temperature ranges were smaller than mean diurnal air temperature ranges. These results highlight that the importance of vegetation cover on soil and air temperatures. | SONG YanTao ZHOU DaoWei ZHANG HongXiang LI GuangDi JIN YingHua LI Qiang | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，8： | 12 |
| 4 | 中国八个重要农业区土地利用结构及时空变化分析显示文摘本文对我国8个重要农业区1980s末至2005年间土地利用结构及其时空变化进行研究。结果表明:①我国耕地和城乡工矿及居民用地集中分布在黄淮海平原、长江中游及江淮地区、四川盆地和松嫩平原,草地、林地和未利用地则积聚在新疆、内蒙古东部区和华南蔗果区;②1980s末至2005年间8区耕地总量上升,其中内蒙古东部区、新疆和三江平原增量显著,长江中游平原及江淮地区、四川盆地和黄淮海平原减少,耕地空间重心由我国东部、中部复种指数较高的传统农业核心区向西北、东北等复种指数较低且生态相对脆弱地区迁移,整体土地生产能力有所下降;③各区草地面积皆下降,其中内蒙古东部区和新疆为减量主体;各区城乡工矿及居民用地面积快速上升,其中黄淮海平原和松嫩平原面积增量占8区总增量的70%;林地面积总体增加,其中内蒙古东部区占8区林地净增总量的90%,而三江平原和黄淮海平原林地略降;④未利用地面积总体增加,增量主要分布在内蒙古东部区、新疆和松嫩平原,构成多为沙地、裸土地和盐碱地,表明局部地区存在土地退化现象;黄淮海平原、长江中游及江淮地区和四川盆地因工业化、城市化进程加快导致未利用地进一步减少,后备土地资源日趋紧张。 | 刘芳 张红旗 | 2011 | 资源科学2011，33，2： | 9 |
| 5 | Comparative Analysis of Microwave Brightness Temperature Data in Northeast China Using AMSR-E and MWRI Products显示文摘With such significant advantages as all-day observation, penetrability and all-weather coverage, passive mi-crowave remote sensing technique has been widely applied in the research of global environmental change. As the sat-ellite-based passive microwave remote sensor, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing Sys-tem (AMSR-E) loaded on NASA's (National Aeronautics and Space Administration of USA) Aqua satellite has been popularly used in the field of microwave observation. The Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) loaded on the Chi-nese FengYun-3A (FY-3A) satellite is an AMSR-E-like conical scanning microwave sensor, but there are few reports about MWRI data. This paper firstly proposed an optimal spatial position matching algorithm from rough to exact for the position matching between AMSR-E and MWRI data, then taking Northeast China as an example, comparatively analyzed the microwave brightness temperature data derived from AMSR-E and MWRI. The results show that when the antenna footprints of the two sensors are filled with either full water, or full land, or mixed land and water with ap-proximate proportion, the errors of brightness temperature between AMSR-E and MWRI are usually in the range from -10 K to +10 K. In general, the residual values of brightness temperature between the two microwave sensors with the same spatial resolution are in the range of ±3 K. Because the spatial resolution of AMSR-E is three times as high as that of MWRI, the results indicate that the quality of MWRI data is better. The research can provide useful information for the MWRI data application and microwave unmixing method in the future. | GU Lingjia ZHAO Kai ZHANG Shuwen ZHANG Shuang | 2011 | Chinese Geographical Science2011，21，1： | 7 |
| 6 | 松花江—辽河流域地下水资源及其生态环境问题显示文摘松花江—辽河流域(简称松辽流域)是中国重要的商品粮基地,地下水资源对维护中国粮食安全具有重要作用。2019年松辽流域地下水资源量为797.31×108m^(3)/a,地下水开发利用量为276.4×108m^(3)。松辽流域地下水面临着水资源局部短缺,局部水位持续下降,“三氮”污染加剧,以及湿地萎缩、土地荒漠化、盐渍化等资源、环境与生态问题。本文对这些问题进行驱动因素分析,主要是气温升高导致水稻适宜区扩大,土地利用方式改变,耕地面积特别是水田面积大幅增加,造成地下水过量开采、地下水面源污染加剧;水库的大量修建加剧干旱缺水地区河道径流减少,地下水补给来源不足,造成地下水供水能力下降,地下水位下降。针对这些问题,提出了加强水资源调查监测,开展水资源合理配置研究,实行地表水和地下水联合调度;加强水资源管理制度建设,强化制度刚性约束;调整农业种植结构,推进节水灌溉,提高水资源利用效率等建议措施。 | 郭晓东 王晓光 刘强 王长琪 肖长来 程旭学 | 2021 | 中国地质2021，48，4： | 6 |
| 7 | Effect of Agricultural Land Use Changes on Soil Nutrient Use Efficiency in an Agricultural Area,Beijing,China显示文摘Agricultural land use and management practices may affect soil properties,which play a critical role in sustaining crop production.Since the late 1970s,several new agricultural land use types had been introduced in the rural areas of China.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of these land use changes on the soil properties,nu-trient absorption rate,and nutrient use economic efficiency ratio in an agricultural area of Beijing.Specifically,the cropland,the orchard and the vegetable field were examined.Results of this study suggest that land use and farming management practices significantly affect the content of soil organic carbon (SOC),total nitrogen (TN),total phos-phorus (TP),and available phosphorus in the surface layer of 0-25 cm (p<0.05) in the Yanqing Basin,northwestern Beijing.Soil nutrients in each agricultural land use type decrease rapidly with the increasing soil depth.Orchard and vegetable field tend to have higher soil nutrients than the cropland does.However,the soil nutrient-absorption rate (NAR) of the orchard and vegetable field is lower than that of the cropland,even though orchard and vegetable field may provide much higher economic benefit.While increasing SOC,TN,and TP in the orchard and vegetable field by intensive farming may be a valuable option to improve soil quality,potential increase in the risk of nutrient loss,or agricultural non-point source pollution can be a tradeoff if the intensive practices are not managed appropriately. | CHEN Liding QI Xin ZHANG Xinyu LI Qi ZHANG Yanyan | 2011 | Chinese Geographical Science2011，21，4： | 5 |
| 8 | 中国东北松嫩平原1990–2015年的农田环境变化特征分析(英文)显示文摘Quantitative characterization of environmental characteristics of cropland(ECC)plays an important role in maintaining sustainable development of agricultural systems and ensuring regional food security. In this study, the changes in ECC over the Songnen Plain, a major grain crops production region in Northeast China, were investigated for the period 1990–2015. The results revealed significant changes in climate conditions, soil physical properties and cropland use patterns with socioeconomic activities. Trends in climate parameters showed increasing temperature(+0.49°C/decade, p < 0.05) and decreasing wind speed(–0.3 m/s/decade, p < 0.01) for the growing season, while sunshine hours and precipitation exhibited non-significant trends. Four topsoil parameters including soil organic carbon(SOC), clay, bulk density and pH, indicated deteriorating soil conditions across most of the croplands, although some do exhibited slight improvement. The changing amplitude for each of the four above parameters ranged within –0.052 to 0.029 kg C/kg, –0.38 to 0.30,–0.60 to 0.39 g/cm^3, –3.29 to 2.34, respectively. Crop production significantly increased(44.0 million tons) with increasing sown area of croplands(~2.5 million ha) and fertilizer application(~2.5 million tons). The study reveals the dynamics of ECC in the Songnen Plain with intensive cultivation from 1990 to 2015. Population growth, economic development, and policy reform are shown to strongly influence the spatiotemporal changes in cropland characteristics.The study potentially provides valuable scientific information to support sustainable agroecosystem management in the context of global climate change and national socioeconomic development. | 张远 臧淑英 孙丽 阎炳和 杨天鹏 闫文佳 MEADOWS E Michael WANG Cuizhen QI Jiaguo | 2019 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2019，0，5： | 4 |
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