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| 1 | 秸秆颗粒化高量还田快速提高土壤有机碳含量及小麦玉米产量显示文摘针对黄淮海地区秸秆还田难度大不利于土壤快速培肥的问题,探讨秸秆颗粒化高量还田快速提高土壤有机碳的可行性。采用2a的田间定位试验,设置秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆颗粒12 000 kg/hm^2(KL1)、秸秆颗粒36 000 kg/hm^2(KL3)、粉碎秸秆12 000 kg/hm^2(FS1)、粉碎秸秆36 000 kg/hm^2(FS3)5种用量30~40 cm还田处理,研究了颗粒化秸秆高、低量还田对土壤有机碳、养分元素比例平衡以及小麦-玉米产量的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田2a内对>20~40、>40~60 cm土层有机碳含量影响显著,其中FS1提升幅度最低,分别为7.2%(>20~40cm)、5.9%(>40~60cm),KL3提升幅度最高,分别为12.3%(>20~40 cm)、11.1%(>40~60 cm)。与粉碎还田相比,秸秆颗粒化还田能在还田1a显著提高土壤有机碳含量,KL3较FS3>20~40、>40~60 cm土壤有机碳分别提高1.7%、1.3%,KL1较FS1>20~40、>40~60 cm分别提高0.8%、0.7%。另外,高量还田具有大幅提高有机碳的优势,FS3较FS1分别提高>20~40 cm土壤有机碳1.7%~3.9%、>40~60 cm土层有机碳0.7%~3.8%,KL3较KL1分别提高>20~40 cm有机碳2.4%~4.7%、>40~60 cm土层1.3%~5.1%。秸秆颗粒高量还田(KL3)在各生长季均具有较高的有机碳累积速率,且总体均值最高。秸秆颗粒化高量还田能在一定程度上提高土壤碳氮比(RCN)、碳磷比(RCP)、碳钾比(RCK),促使土壤养分比向高肥力方向转化。该试验中秸秆颗粒化高量还田连续4个生长季增产4.57%、11.40%、10.87%、8.87%,增产效果显著。综上可见,秸秆颗粒36000kg/hm^2深埋还田最有利于黄淮海地区土壤有机碳的提高,在解决土壤'碳饥饿'等问题、保障农业可持续发展上具有重要意义。 | 丛萍 李玉义 高志娟 王婧 张莉 逄焕成 | 2019 | 农业工程学报2019，35，1： | 23 |
| 2 | 气候变化影响的黄土高原农业土壤有机碳与碳排放显示文摘气候变化直接或间接影响土壤碳库源汇作用,然而目前科学界对土壤碳排放响应气候变化的敏感性还存在很大争议。文章通过对1985~2002年间中国黄土高原地区耕作土壤有机碳动态进行模拟,探讨气候变化对干旱、半干旱地区耕作土壤碳排放的影响效应。结果表明,黄土高原耕作土壤有机碳受气温和降水的共同作用,对降水表现出更强的相关性。有机碳年净变化量受降水的强烈影响,在1990年和2000年降水充足年份表现为土壤有机碳的高增长率,在1995年降水低值年份土壤有机碳年净增长率降至最低。高原内区域间农业土壤有机碳的年变化与降水空间分布、年际变化也表现良好的相关性,气温、降水和蒸发都通过影响土壤含水量从而影响作物生长和土壤碳排放。因本底有机碳含量水平较低,黄土高原耕作土壤整体表现为一个净的碳汇。 | 张凡 李长生 | 2010 | 第四纪研究2010，30，3： | 17 |
| 3 | Discrepancy in Response of Rice Yield and Soil Fertility to Long-Term Chemical Fertilization and Organic Amendments in Paddy Soils Cultivated from Infertile Upland in Subtropical China显示文摘From 1990,over 17 years field experiment was carried out in paddy field cultivated from infertile upland to evaluate the response of rice productivity,soil organic carbon(SOC),and total N to long-term NPK fertilization or NPK combined with organic amendments.The field trials included NPK(N,P,K fertilizer),NPKRS(NPK combined with rice straw),NPK2RS(NPK combined with double amount of rice straw),NPKPM(NPK combined with pig manure) and NPKGM(NPK combined with green manure) and the cropping system was rice-rice(Oryza sativa L.) rotation.Annual rice yield,straw biomass,and harvesting index increased steadily with cultivation time in all treatments.Average annual rice yield from 1991 to 2006 was ranged from 7 795 to 8 572 kg ha-1 among treatments.Rice yields in treatments with organic amendments were usually higher than that in treatment with NPK.Contents of SOC and total N also increased gradually in the cultivation years and reached the level of 7.82 to 9.45 and 0.85 to 1.03 g kg-1,respectively,in 2006.Soil fertilities in treatments with chemical fertilization combined with organic amendments were relatively appropriate than those in treatment with NPK.There was obvious discrepancy between cumulative characters of rice yield and soil organic fertility in newly formed paddy field.Compared with relatively high rate of crop productivity improvement,cumulative rates of SOC and total N were much lower in our study.SOC and total N contents were still less than half of those in local highly productive paddy soils after 17 years cultivation in subtropical China.Present work helps to better understand the development of infertile paddy soils and to estimate the potential of yield improvement in this region. | LIU Ming LI Zhong-pei ZHANG Tao-lin JIANG Chun-yu CHE Yu-ping | 2011 | Agricultural Sciences in China2011，10，2： | 12 |
| 4 | 高产农田土壤有机质特征研究进展显示文摘有机质在土壤中起着重要作用,作为粮食生长所需营养物质的重要来源,一直受到各国学者的普遍重视。粮食产量随着有机质含量的增加而增高,但并不是有机质越高,产量越高,粮食产量在一定范围内与有机质含量的多少呈现正态分布。高产土壤对有机质有影响,同时后者制约着前者,土壤属性、耕作、施肥等因素对两者也都有影响。从粮食产量与土壤有机质关系出发,对目前还存在主要问题及今后的研究方向进行了展望。 | 王青贺 董培博 吉凡 王开爽 | 2012 | 安徽农学通报2012，18，11： | 7 |
| 5 | Effects of Integrated Soil-Crop System Management on Soil Organic Carbon Characteristics in a Primosol in Northeast China显示文摘A synchronous increase in crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and soil carbon(C) sequestration is important from the point of view of food security and environmental protection. In recent years, integrated soil-crop system management(ISSM), which uses crop models and advanced nutrient management to redesign cropping systems, has been successfully demonstrated to achieve both high crop productivity and high nutrient use efficiency in China, but the effects of ISSM on soil organic C(SOC) characteristics remain unknown. In this study, the effects of current farmers' practice(FP), high-yielding practice(HY), which maximizes yields without considering costs, and ISSM on the content and chemical composition of SOC were studied in a 4-year(2009–2013) field plot experiment with maize(Zea mays L.) monoculture in an Alluvic Primosol in Northeast China. The ISSM resulted in higher soil total organic C(TOC), water-soluble organic C, easily-oxidizable organic C, particulate organic C, and humic acid C compared with HY and FP in the region. The SOC contents in aggregate size fractions generally followed a similar pattern to TOC. Compared with FP,HY decreased the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, percentage of > 0.25-mm water-stable aggregates, and the stability ratio of water-stable aggregates, and increased the structure-deterioration rate and index of unstable aggregates. The opposite trend was observed between ISSM and HY. Solid-state ^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of bulk soil showed that ISSM had higher O-alkyl C and aliphatic C/aromatic C ratio, but lower aromatic C, carbonyl C, and alkyl C/O-alkyl C and hydrophobic C/hydrophilic C ratios than HY and FP. Our results suggest that ISSM improves the quantity and quality of SOC and has a positive effect on soil aggregation and aggregate stability. | ZHANG Jinjing CAO Zhiyuan FENG Guozhong LI Mengyao LI Cuilan GAO Qiang WANG Lichun | 2017 | Pedosphere2017，27，5： | 3 |
| 6 | 耕地质量对耕地生产力的影响显示文摘耕地作为植物生长的载体,是重要的农业生产资料。随着社会进程的不断推进,耕地质量的重要性日益凸显。提升耕地质量对增强耕地生产力,保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本研究在总结前人研究的基础上,对耕地质量的内涵进行了归纳总结,即耕地质量可概括为耕地环境、耕地土壤属性、耕地管理水平等因素共同作用下所呈现出来的耕地综合产出能力。耕地土壤属性是耕地质量最直观的表现,一直是研究的重点;本研究选择土壤类型、土壤质地、土壤肥力和耕层结构等土壤属性作为表征耕地质量的重要指标,概述了其对耕地生产力所产生的影响效应。以期为耕地质量综合性和系统性研究提供指引。 | 姜玉琴 谢先进 黄达 | 2022 | 中国农学通报2022，38，3： | 2 |
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