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| 1 | Improved glucose metabolism following bariatric surgery is associated with increased circulating bile acid concentrations and remodeling of the gut microbiome显示文摘Clinical studies have indicated that circulating bile acid(BA) concentrations increase following bariatric surgery, especially following malabsorptive procedures such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses(RYGB). Moreover, total circulating BA concentrations in patients following RYGB are positively correlated with serum glucagonlike peptide-1 concentrations and inversely correlated with postprandial glucose concentrations. Overall, these data suggest that the increased circulating BA concentrations following bariatric surgery- independently of calorie restriction and body-weight loss- could contribute, at least in part, to improvements in insulin sensitivity, incretin hormone secretion, and postprandial glycemia, leading to the remission of type-2 diabetes(T2DM). In humans, the primary and secondary BA pool size is dependent on the rate of biosynthesis and the enterohepatic circulation of BAs, as well as on the gut microbiota, which play a crucial role in BA biotransformation. Moreover, BAs and gut microbiota are closely integrated and affect each other. Thus, the alterations in bile flow that result from anatomical changes caused by bariatric surgery and changes in gutmicrobiome may influence circulating BA concentrations and could subsequently contribute to T2 DM remission following RYGB. Research data coming largely from animal and cell culture models suggest that BAs can contribute, via nuclear farnezoid X receptor(FXR) and membrane G-protein-receptor(TGR-5), to beneficial effects on glucose metabolism. It is therefore likely that FXR, TGR-5, and BAs play a similar role in glucose metabolism following bariatric surgery in humans. The objective of this review is to discuss in detail the results of published studies that show how bariatric surgery affects glucose metabolism and subsequently T2 DM remission. | Lukasz Kaska Tomasz Sledzinski Agnieszka Chomiczewska Agnieszka Dettlaff-Pokora Julian Swierczynski | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，39： | 11 |
| 2 | Reduction in Bile Acid Pool Causes Delayed Liver Regeneration Accompanied by Down-regulated Expression of FXR and C-Jun mRNA in Rats显示文摘The present study attempted to examine the effects of bile acid pool size on liver regeneration after hepatectomy.The rats were fed on 0.2% cholic acid(CA)or 2% cholestyramine for 7 days to induce a change in the bile acid size,and then a partial hepatectomy(PH)was performed.Rats fed on the normal diet served as the controls.Measurements were made on the rate of liver regeneration,the labeling indices of PCNA,the plasma total bile acids(TBA),and the mRNA expression of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase(CYP7A1),farnesoid X receptor(FXR),and transcription factor c-Jun or c-fos.As compared with the normal and CA groups,the rate of liver regeneration was decreased on the day 3,and 7 after PH;the peak of the labeling indices of PCNA was delayed and the labeling indices were significantly reduced on the day 1;the TBA were also decreased on the day 1;the expression of FXR decreased but that of CYP7A1 increased at any given time;at the 1st,and 3rd h,the expression of c-Jun was declined in the cholestyramine group.The reduction in the bile acid pool size was found to delay the liver regeneration,which may be caused by the down-regulation of FXR and c-Jun expression. | 董秀山 赵浩亮 马晓明 王世明 | 2010 | Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)2010，30，1： | 7 |
| 3 | Excretion of biliary compounds during intrauterine life显示文摘In adults,the hepatobiliary system,together with the kidney,constitute the main routes for the elimination of several endogenous and xenobiotic compounds into bile and urine,respectively.However,during intrauterine life the biliary route of excretion for cholephilic compounds,such as bile acids and biliary pigments,is very poor.Although very early in pregnancy the fetal liver produces bile acids,bilirubin and biliverdin,these compounds cannot be efficiently eliminated by the fetal hepatobiliary system,owing to the immaturity of the excretory machinery in the fetal liver.Therefore,the potentially harmful accumulation of cholephilic compounds in the fetus is prevented by their elimination across the placenta.Owing to the presence of detoxifying enzymes and specifi c transport systems at different locations of the placental barrier,such as the endothe-lial cells of chorionic vessels and trophoblast cells,this organ plays an important role in the hepatobiliary-like function during intrauterine life.The relevance of this excretory function in normal fetal physiology is evident in situations where high concentrations of biliary compounds are accumulated in the mother.This may result in oxidative stress and apoptosis,mainly in the placenta and fetal liver,which might affect normal fetal development and challenge the fate of the pregnancy.The present article reviews current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the hepatobiliary function of the fetal-placental unit and the repercussions of several pathological conditions on this tandem. | Rocio IR Macias Jose JG Marin Maria A Serrano | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，7： | 6 |
| 4 | 胆汁酸及其受体与中枢神经系统疾病显示文摘胆汁酸不仅促进脂类吸收,还参与调节机体的糖脂代谢和能量平衡。胆汁酸受体在多种组织和细胞中表达,包括中枢神经元、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞,并具有抗炎和抗凋亡的作用。目前已发现,胆汁酸可以通过其受体直接或间接作用于大脑。胆汁酸及其受体除了在糖尿病、肥胖和肝胆疾病等代谢性疾病中发挥重要作用外还参与了一些其他疾病过程,如炎症导致的中枢神经系统疾病、肝性脑病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症等。然而,胆汁酸及其受体在中枢神经系统中的作用研究才刚刚起步,还有许多科学问题亟待探究。该文综述了胆汁酸的生物合成和调节、受体分类和特点、受体激动剂和信号转导以及在中枢神经系统疾病中的最新发现。 | 吴县 洪浩 | 2019 | 神经药理学报2019，9，1： | 4 |
| 5 | 牛磺鹅去氧胆酸对糖皮质激素引起小鼠免疫抑制的影响显示文摘采用80mg/kg剂量的地塞米松对小鼠进行腹腔注射制备免疫抑制小鼠模型;牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(Tauroche-nodeoxycholic acid,TCDCA)设计了0.05、0.10、0.20g/kg低、中、高3个给药剂量对小鼠灌胃给药;检测免疫器官质量,碳粒廓清法检测单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能,流式细胞术检测外周血CD4+和CD8+细胞亚群百分率及CD4+与CD8+的比值,ELISA检测血清中IgG的含量。结果显示:模型小鼠和正常小鼠相比较,脾指数、单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能、CD4+和CD8+亚群百分率及血清IgG含量均极显著降低(P<0.01),说明地塞米松制备的小鼠模型免疫功能极显著低下。给药组与模型组相比较,TCDCA的3个剂量组对小鼠脾指数均无显著影响(P>0.05);低剂量组和中剂量组极显著增强单核-巨噬细胞系统吞噬功能(P<0.01);3个剂量组均显著提高外周血中CD4+细胞百分率(P<0.05),中剂量组显著提高CD4+与CD8+的比值(P<0.05);低剂量组和中剂量组显著提高小鼠血清中IgG含量(P<0.05)。结果表明,TCDCA对糖皮质激素免疫抑制小鼠的非特异性免疫和特异性细胞免疫、体液免疫功能具有恢复作用,但对脾脏萎缩无恢复作用。 | 王丛丛 石有斐 李金莲 李培锋 夏俊峰 刘海涛 马卫明 | 2013 | 中国兽医学报2013，33，1： | 2 |
| 6 | G蛋白胆汁酸耦联受体在免疫调节中的作用显示文摘G蛋白胆汁酸耦联受体(TGR5)是G蛋白耦联受体家族中的一员,也被称之为M—BAR,GPBAR1和GPR131,其不仅参与胆汁酸,糖类、脂类、及能量代谢,还具有肝脏保护功能,对肠道运动具有调节功能。目前研究证实,TGR5可以通过多种途径调节免疫反应,如通过干扰NF-KB活性抑制巨噬细胞的炎症反应等,同时还参与了许多肿瘤、炎症性疾病的发生发展。 | 卢景晶 孙孟华 李秀 刘巍 | 2015 | 国际免疫学杂志2015，38，6： | 1 |
| 7 | 饲用胆汁酸添加剂的亚慢性毒性试验显示文摘将饲用胆汁酸按0、60、600、3 000 mg/kg添加于饲料中喂养Wistar大鼠90 d,每周称量大鼠体质量与饲料消耗,并在喂养45、90 d时剖检,分别进行血液细胞学、血液生化指标检测,计算主要脏器系数并进行组织病理学检查。结果表明,大鼠饲喂低、中、高剂量胆汁酸后平均饲料消耗、体质量增重、脏器系数、血液细胞学指标、大体解剖及组织病理学检查结果与对照组无显著差异。中剂量组血液生化指标除了喂养45 d时GLU、TG以及喂养90 d时TG稍低于对照组外,其他指标与对照无显著差异。饲用胆汁酸饲料添加剂在3 000 mg/kg添加量时,对大鼠喂养90 d未观察到明显的有害作用。 | 郑玲敏 陈航 周泽伟 王雨晶 王凯 鲁倩倩 张雨梅 | 2015 | 江苏农业科学2015，43，5： | 0 |
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