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| 1 | Intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease:Friend of foe?显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) arises from disruption of immune tolerance to the gut commensal microbiota,leading to chronic intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage in genetically predisposed hosts.In healthy individuals the intestinal microbiota have a symbiotic relationship with the host organism and possess important and unique functions,including a metabolic function(i.e.digestion of dietary compounds and xenobiotics,fermentation of undigestible carbohydrates with production of short chain fatty acids),a mucosal barrier function(i.e.by inhibiting pathogen invasion and strengthening epithelial barrier integrity),and an immune modulatory function(i.e.mucosal immune system priming and maintenance of intestinal epithelium homeostasis).A fine balance regulates the mechanism that allows coexistence of mammals with their commensal bacteria.In IBD this mechanism of immune tolerance is impaired because of several potential causative factors.The gut microbiota composition and activity of IBD patients are abnormal,with a decreased prevalence of dominant members of the human commensal microbiota(i.e.Clostridium Ⅸa and Ⅳ groups,Bacteroides,bifidobacteria) and a concomitant increase in detrimental bacteria(i.e.sulphate-reducing bacteria,Escherichia coli).The observed dysbiosis is concomitant with defective innate immunity and bacterial killing(i.e.reduced mucosal defensins and IgA,malfunctioning phagocytosis) and overaggressive adaptive immune response(due to ineffective regulatory T cells and antigen presenting cells),which are considered the basis of IBD pathogenesis.However,we still do not know how the interplay between these parameters causes the disease.Studies looking at gut microbial composition,epithelial integrity and mucosal immune markers in genotyped IBD populations are therefore warranted to shed light on this obscure pathogenesis. | Francesca Fava Silvio Danese | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，5： | 30 |
| 2 | 肠黏膜生物屏障研究进展显示文摘肠粘膜生物屏障是肠道粘膜屏障系统重要的一部分,本质上是由肠道内益生菌主导形成的微生态平衡系统。这一微生态系统与人体固有的肠道屏障系统相互协调、相互作用,保护人体肠道免于致病菌的侵袭。肠粘膜生物屏障本身的作用,及其与人体固有肠道屏障间的协同作用尚不十分清楚,本文就此研究进展做一综述。 | 胡翔 贺德 | 2010 | 中国医学工程2010，18，2： | 17 |
| 3 | 肠道菌群及免疫显示文摘人体肠道中有10^13~10^14个细菌,其数量是人体细胞数10倍。正常情况下肠道菌群与宿主处于共生状态,主要参与生物拮抗(防御感染)、营养吸收与代谢、免疫应答调节等。近年,肠道菌群对人体免疫系统的影响受到越来越多关注,对肠道菌群的研究已经成为全世界研究的热点。 | 李志川 郑跃杰 | 2010 | 中国实用儿科杂志2010，25，7： | 13 |
| 4 | Modulation of immunity and inflammatory gene expression in the gut, in inflammatory diseases of the gut and in the liver by probiotics显示文摘The potential for the positive manipulation of the gut microbiome through the introduction of beneficial microbes, as also known as probiotics, is currently an active area of investigation. The FAO/WHO define probiotics as live microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts. However, dead bacteria and bacterial molecular components may also exhibit probiotic properties. The results of clinical studies have demonstrated the clinical potential of probiotics in many pathologies, such as allergic diseases, diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease and viral infection. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of probiotics, most of which involve gene expression regulation in specific tissues, particularly the intestine and liver. Therefore, the modulation of gene expression mediated by probiotics is an important issue that warrants further investigation. In the present paper, we performed a systematic review of the probiotic-mediated modulation of gene expression that is associated with the immune system and inflammation. Between January 1990 to February 2014, Pub Med was searched for articles that were published in English using the Me SH terms 'probiotics ' and ' gene expression ' combined with 'intestines', 'liver', 'enterocytes', 'antigen-presenting cells', 'dendritic cells', 'immune system', and 'inflammation'. Two hundred and five original articles matching these criteria were initially selected, although only those articles that included specific gene expression results(77) were later considered for this review and separated into three major topics: the regulation of immunity and inflammatory gene expression in the gut, in inflammatory diseases of the gut and in the liver. Particular strains of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium, Bacillus and Saccharomyces influence the gene expression of mucins, Toll-like receptors, caspases, nuclear factor-κB, and interleukins and lead mainly to an anti-inflammatory response in cultured enterocytes. In addition, the interaction of commensal bacteria and probiotics with the surface of antigenpresenting cells in vitro results in the downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes that are linked to inflammatory signaling pathways, whereas other anti-inflammatory genes are upregulated. The effects of probiotics have been extensively investigated in animal models ranging from fish to mice, rats and piglets. These bacteria induce a tolerogenic and hyporesponsive immune response in which many genes that are related to the immune system, in particular those genes expressing anti-inflammatory cytokines, are upregulated. By contrast, information related to gene expression in human intestinal cells mediated by the action of probiotics is scarce. There is a need for further clinical studies that evaluate the mechanism of action of probiotics both in healthy humans and in patients with chronic diseases. These types of clinical studies are necessary for addressing the influence of these microorganisms in gene expression for different pathways, particularly thosethat are associated with the immune response,and to better understand the role that probiotics might have in the prevention and treatment of disease. | Julio Plaza-Diaz Carolina Gomez-Llorente Luis Fontana Angel Gil | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，42： | 12 |
| 5 | 肠道菌群对免疫系统影响的研究进展显示文摘肠道菌群是机体的重要组成部分,与免疫系统的关系十分密切。肠道微生物可以对免疫系统,包括全身性的固有免疫、特异性免疫甚至自身免疫疾病产生影响。来自于机体内外的理化刺激和生物刺激会打破正常菌群与人体之间的动态平衡,菌群数量和种类的改变都会导致肠道内菌群的紊乱,多项研究表明,肠道菌群紊乱可能在多种免疫疾病的形成中起着重要作用。 | 丁文婷 廖国阳 | 2017 | 西部医学2017，29，11： | 11 |
| 6 | 乳酸菌免疫调节功能的研究进展显示文摘益生菌是对人体健康有益的一类细菌的总称,乳酸菌作为其中的重要代表,广泛存在于人体的口腔、肠道、泌尿生殖道等部位,且在酸奶酪和乳酪等发酵食品中扮演重要角色,它的益生功能也引起人们越来越多的关注。 | 迟琼 邹泽红 傅意玲 陶爱林 | 2011 | 中华生物医学工程杂志2011，17，4： | 4 |
| 7 | Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 expression in human mast cells显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of four probiotic bacteria and their combination on human mast cell gene expression using microarray analysis.METHODS:Human peripheral-blood-derived mast cells were stimulated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L.rhamnosus) GG (LGG),L.rhamnosus Lc705 (Lc705),Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp.shermanii JS (PJS) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.lactis Bb12 (Bb12) and their combination for 3 or 24 h,and were subjected to global microarray analysis using an Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array.The gene expression differences between unstimulated and bacteria-stimulated samples were further analyzed with GOrilla Gene Enrichment Analysis and Visualization Tool and MeV Multiexperiment Viewer-tool.RESULTS:LGG and Lc705 were observed to suppress genes that encoded allergy-related high-affinity IgE receptor subunits α and γ (FCER1A and FCER1G,respectively) and histamine H4 receptor.LGG,Lc705 and the combination of four probiotics had the strongest effect on the expression of genes involved in mast cell immune system regulation,and on several genes that encoded proteins with a pro-inflammatory impact,such as interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha.Also genes that encoded proteins with anti-inflammatory functions,such as IL-10,were upregulated.CONCLUSION:Certain probiotic bacteria might diminish mast cell allergy-related activation by downregulation of the expression of high-affinity IgE and histamine receptor genes,and by inducing a pro-inflammatory response. | Anna Oksaharju Matti Kankainen Riina A Kekkonen Ken A Lindstedtt Petri T Kovanen Riitta Korpela Minja Miettinen | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，6： | 3 |
| 8 | Effects of CpG-ODNs on phenotype and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis B显示文摘AIM:To study the effects of synthetic nonmethylated CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides(CpG-ODNs) ,either alone or combined with recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) polypeptide,on the phenotype,function,and intracellular signaling pathways of monocyte-derived dendritic cells(DCs) in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) .METHODS:Peripheral blood monocytes isolated from CHB patients and healthy volunteers were induced to be dendritic cells by recombinant human granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4.The DCs were then treated with CpG-ODNs,CpGODNs/HBsAg,or tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αfor 18 h.The expression of surface molecules including HLA-DR,CD86,and CD1a in DCs were detected by flow cytometry,and the expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT1,3,4,5,6) and suppressors of cell signaling(SOCS1,3) were determined by Western blotting assay.In addition,the capacity of DCs to stimulate allogeneic T lymphocytes and the amount of IL-12p70 released from DCs were measured.RESULTS:In the DCs derived from patients with CHB,treatment with TNF-α,CpG-ODNs,or CpG-ODNs/HBsAg,as compared to the vector control,significantly increased the expression of HLA-DR,stimulated the release of IL-12p70,and enhanced the capacity of DCs to stimulate allogenic T lymphocytes.The expressions of STAT1/4/6 and SOCS1/3,but not STAT3/5,were upregulated by TNF-α,CpG-ODNs,and CpG-ODNs/HBsAg.In addition,the expression of CD1a was upregulated only in the presence of both CpG-ODNs and HBsAg.CONCLUSION:The treatment with CpG-ODNs,either alone or combined with HBsAg,has a remarkable stimulatory effect on the impaired phenotype and function of DCs in CHB,possibly by regulating the expression of STAT1,4,6 and SOCS1,3. | Xiao-Xing Xiang Xia-Qiu Zhou Jun-Xue Wang Qing Xie Xiong Cai Hong Yu Hui-Juan Zhou | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，43： | 1 |
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