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| 1 | Specific CD8^+ T cell response immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and chronic hepatitis C(CHC) are characterized by exhaustion of the specific CD8^+ T cell response. This process involves enhancement of negative costimulatory molecules, such as programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4), 2B4, Tim-3, CD160 and LAG-3, which is linked to intrahepatic overexpression of some of the cognate ligands, such as PD-L1, on antigen presenting cells and thereby favouring a tolerogenic environment. Therapies that disrupt these negative signalling mechanisms represent promising therapeutic tools with the potential to restore reactivity of the specific CD8^+ T cell response. In this review we discuss the impressive in vitro and in vivo results that have been recently achieved in HCC, CHB and CHC by blocking these negative receptors with monoclonal antibodies against these immune checkpoint modulators. The article mainly focuses on the role of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blocking monoclonal antibodies, the first ones to have reached clinical practice. The humanized monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4(tremelimumab and ipilimumab) and PD-1(nivolumab and pembrolizumab) have yielded good results in testing of HCC and chronic viral hepatitis patients. Trelimumab, in particular, has shown a significant increase in the time to progression in HCC, while nivolumab has shown a remarkable effect on hepatitis C viral load reduction. The research on the role of ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab on HCC is currently underway. | Elia Moreno-Cubero Juan-Ramón Larrubia | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，28： | 13 |
| 2 | 射频消融治疗原发性肝癌研究概况显示文摘肝癌为我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一。到目前为止,肝癌的治疗方法中,手术治疗仍为肝癌患者能获得较好生存率的首选方法。但由于很多患者发现肝癌时,晚期患者较多,很多肝功能较差剩余肝组织不能代偿,或全身情况较差,已不适合手术治疗。基于此种情况,现很多非手术治疗方法广泛应用于临床。而射频消融术治疗肝癌,作为一种非手术治疗方法,有着微创,疗效好,并发症少,安全,可反复应用等优点,近年来已成为治疗肝癌的一种常用手段。射频消融术治疗肝癌可分为开腹射频,腔镜下射频。影像学引导下经皮射频等。治疗方式可单独射频治疗,也可与介入治疗、酒精注射、中药、生物等联合应用。 | 沈桢 阎皓 | 2016 | 河北医药2016，38，18： | 6 |
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