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| 1 | Recent updates of precision therapy for gastric cancer: Towards optimal tailored management显示文摘Signaling pathways of gastric carcinogenesis and gastric cancer progression are being avidly studied to seek optimal treatment of gastric cancer. Among t h e m, h e p a t o c y t e g r o w t h f a c t o r( H G F) / c- M E T, phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) and janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3) pathways have been widely investigated. Their aberrant expression or mutation has been significantly associated with advanced stage or poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Recently, aberrations of immune checkpoints including programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-1/PD-L1) have been suggested as an important step in the formation of a microenvironment favorable for gastric cancer. Accomplishments in basic research have led to the development of novel agents targeting these signaling pathways. However, phase Ⅲ studies of selective anti-HGF/c-MET antibodies and m TOR inhibitor failed to show significant benefits in terms of overall survival and progression-free survival. Few agents directly targeting STAT3 have been developed. However, this target is still critical issue in terms of chemoresistance, and SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 might be a significant link to effectively inhibit STAT3 activity. Inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 showed durable efficacy in phase Ⅰ studies, and phase Ⅲ evaluation is warranted. Therapeutic strategy to concurrently inhibit multiple tyrosine kinases is a reasonable option, however, lapatinib needs to be further evaluated to identify good responders. Regorafenib has shown promising effectiveness in prolonging progression-free survival in a phase Ⅱ study. In this topic highlight, we review the biologic roles and outcomes of clinical studies targeting these signaling pathways. | Moon Kyung Joo Jong-Jae Park Hoon Jai Chun | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，19： | 12 |
| 2 | Immunological battlefield in gastric cancer and role of immunotherapies显示文摘Like the wars predating the First World War where human foot soldiers were deemed tools in the battlefield against an enemy, so too are the host immune cells of a patient battling a malignant gastric cancer. Indeed, the tumour microenvironment resembles a battlefield, where the patient's immune cells are the defence against invading tumour cells. However, the relationship between different immune components of the host response to cancer is more complex than an 'us against them' model. Components of the immune system inadvertently work against the interests of the host and become pro-tumourigenic while other components soldier on against the common enemy – the tumour cell. | Minyu Wang Rita A Busuttil Sharon Pattison Paul J Neeson Alex Boussioutas | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，28： | 4 |
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