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| 1 | Precore/core region mutations of hepatitis B virus related to clinical severity显示文摘Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection remains a major health problem, with more than 350 million chronically infected people worldwide and over 1 million annual deaths due to cirrhosis and liver cancer. HBV mutations are primarily generated due both to a lack of proofreading capacity by HBV polymerase and to host immune pressure, which is a very important factor for predicting disease progression and therapeutic outcomes. Several types of HBV precore/core(preC/C) mutations have been described to date. The host immune response against T cells drives mutation in the pre C/C region. Specifically, pre C/C mutations in the MHC class Ⅱ restricted region are more common than in other regions and are significantly related to hepatocellular carcinoma. Certain mutations, including preC G1896 A, are also significantly related to HBe Ag-negative chronic infection. This review article mainly focuses on the HBV pre C/C mutations that are related to disease severity and on the HBe Ag serostatus of chronically infected patients. | Hong Kim Seoung-Ae Lee Seung Yeon Do Bum-Joon Kim | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，17： | 9 |
| 2 | X region mutations of hepatitis B virus related to clinical severity显示文摘Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection remains a major health problem, with more than 240 million people chronically infected worldwide and potentially 650000 deaths per year due to advanced liver diseases including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). HBV-X protein(HBx) contributes to the biology and pathogenesis of HBV via stimulating virus replication or altering host gene expression related to HCC. The HBV X region contains only 465 bp encoding the 16.5 k Da HBx protein, which also contains several critical cis-elements such as enhancer Ⅱ, the core promoter and the micro RNA-binding region. Thus, mutations in this region may affect not only the HBx open reading frame but also the overlapped ciselements. Recently, several types of HBx mutations significantly associated with clinical severity have been described, although the functional mechanism in most of these cases remains unsolved. This review article will mainly focus on the HBx mutations proven to be significantly related to clinical severity via epidemiological studies. | Hong Kim Seoung-Ae Lee Bum-Joon Kim | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，24： | 6 |
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