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| 1 | Barrett's esophagus in 2016: From pathophysiology to treatment显示文摘Esophageal complications caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)include reflux esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus(BE).BE is a premalignant condition with an increased risk of developing esophageal adeno-carcinoma(EAC).The carcinogenic sequence may progress through several steps,from normal esophageal mucosa through BE to EAC.A recent advent of functional esophageal testing(particularly multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring)has helped to improve our knowledge about GERD pathophysiology,including its complications.Those findings(when properly confirmed)might help to predict BE neoplastic progression.Over the last few decades,the incidence of EAC has continued to rise in Western populations.However,only a minority of BE patients develop EAC,opening the debate regarding the cost-effectiveness of current screening/surveillance strategies.Thus,major efforts in clinical and research practice are focused on new methods for optimal risk assessment that can stratify BE patients at low or high risk of developing EAC,which should improve the cost effectiveness of screening/surveillance programs and consequently significantly affect health-care costs.Furthermore,the area of BE therapeutic management is rapidly evolving.Endoscopic eradication therapies have been shown to be effective,and new therapeutic options for BE and EAC have emerged.The aim of the present review article is to highlight the status of screening/surveillance programs and the current progress of BE therapy.Moreover,we discuss the recent introduction of novel esophageal pathophysiological exams that have improved the knowledge of the mechanisms linking GERD to BE. | Irene Martinucci Nicola de Bortoli Salvatore Russo Lorenzo Bertani Manuele Furnari Anna Mokrowiecka Ewa Malecka-Panas Vincenzo Savarino Edoardo Savarino Santino Marchi | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2016，7，2： | 1 |
| 2 | Proton pump inhibitor prescription abuse and sepsis in cirrhosis显示文摘Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) represent one of the most extensively prescribed classes of drugs in general and in patients with liver cirrhosis. Many prescriptions are made without a clear adherence to standard indications. As a class of ordinarily well tolerated drug, PPIs are not free of side-effects and concerns have been raised about a possible role for PPIs in predisposing patients to an increased risk of bacterial infections and sepsis. As evidences of different power are accumulating on this topic, prospective studies are needed to reach a more universal agreement, but definitely more attention is needed by prescribers in being more adherent to the few recognized indications for the use of PPIs, particularly in patients with liver cirrhosis. Otherwise, doctors could run the risk of being accused of 'abused' prescription. | Antonio Picardi Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2016，7，1： | 0 |
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