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1Micro RNAs: Novel immunotherapeutic targets in colorectal carcinoma显示文摘Colorectal carcinoma(CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and the prognosis for CRC patients with recurrence or metastasis is extremely poor. Although chemotherapy and radiation therapy can improve survival, there are still numerous efforts to be performed. Immunotherapy is frequently used, either alone or in combination with other therapies, for the treatment of CRC and is a safe and feasible way to improve CRC treatment. Furthermore, the significance of the immune system in the biology of CRC has been demonstrated by retrospective assessments of immune infiltrates in resected CRC tumors. Micro RNAs(mi RNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that can regulate multiple target genes at the post-transcriptional level and play critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Mi RNAs are required for normal immune system development and function. Nevertheless, aberrant expression of mi RNAs is often observed in various tumor types and leads to immune disorders or immune evasion. The immunomodulatory function of mi RNAs indicates that mi RNAs may ultimately be part of the portfolio of anti-cancer targets. Herein, we will review the potential roles of mi RNAs in the regulation of the immune response in CRC and then move on to discuss how to utilize different mi RNA targets to treat CRC. We also provide an overview of the major limitations and challenges of using mi RNAs as immunotherapeutic targets.Xiang Li Jing Nie Qian Mei Wei-Dong Han 2016World Journal of Gastroenterology2016,22,23:6
2MicroRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer显示文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are key regulators involved in various tumors. They regulate cell cycle, apoptosis and cancer stemness, metastasis and chemoresistance by controlling their target gene expressions. Here, we mainly discuss the potential uses of miR NAs in colorectal cancer(CRC) diagnosis. We also shed light on the important corresponding miR NA targets and on the major regulators of miR NAs. Furthermore, we discuss miR NA activity in assessing the prognosis and recurrence of CRC as well as in modulating responsiveness to chemotherapy. Based on the various pro-oncogenic/anti-oncogenic roles of miR NAs, the advantages of a therapeutic strategy based on the delivery of miR NA mimics are also mentioned. Together, mi RNA seems to be an excellent tool for effectively monitoring and targeting CRC.Rui Yi Yao Li Fei-Liang Wang Gang Miao Ruo-Mei Qi Yan-Yang Zhao 2016World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2016,8,4:4
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