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1颅脑超声在早产儿颅脑疾病诊断中的应用显示文摘目的总结颅脑超声在早产儿颅脑疾病中的应用价值。方法采用美国EI33超声诊断仪经前囟分别在矢状面和冠状面做扫描检查224例早产儿。结果 224例早产儿中颅脑超声有异常表现的共87例(38.84%),其中提示有颅内出血64例(73.56%),新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病20例(22.99%),颅内有钙化1例(1.15%),脑室扩大2例(2.30%)。与头颅CT对比,超声在脑室内出血及室管膜下出血的诊断率更高。连续超声检查可以评估病情演变及治疗效果。结论颅脑超声在评估早产儿颅内疾病有一定的优越性,具有价廉、方便、无创、可床旁检查及可动态监测颅内疾病变化等特点,可作为颅脑影像学检查的首选方法在NICU广泛开展,也可与头颅CT、MRI互补提高早产儿颅内疾病的诊断正确率。纪永佳 张举珍 黄列 马世霞 陈彦香 2015宁夏医科大学学报2015,37,9:30
2Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: From methodology to major clinical applications显示文摘Non-invasive Doppler ultrasonographic study of cerebral arteries [transcranial Doppler(TCD)] has been extensively applied on both outpatient and inpatient settings. It is performed placing a low-frequency(≤ 2 MHz) transducer on the scalp of the patient over specific acoustic windows, in order to visualize the intracranial arterial vessels and to evaluate the cerebral blood flow velocity and its alteration in many different conditions. Nowadays the most widespread indication for TCD in outpatient setting is the research of right to left shunting, responsable of so called 'paradoxical embolism', most often due to patency of foramen ovale which is responsable of the majority of cryptogenic strokes occuring in patients younger than 55 years old. TCD also allows to classify the grade of severity of such shunts using the so called 'microembolic signal grading score'. In addition TCD has found many useful applications in neurocritical care practice. It is useful on both adults and children for day-to-day bedside assessment of critical conditions including vasospasm in subarachnoidal haemorrhage(caused by aneurysm rupture or traumatic injury), traumatic brain injury, brain stem death. It is used also to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes after stroke. It also allows to investigate cerebral pressure autoregulation and for the clinical evaluation of cerebral autoregulatory reserve.Antonello D'Andrea Marianna Conte Massimo Cavallaro Raffaella Scarafile Lucia Riegler Rosangela Cocchia Enrica Pezzullo Andreina Carbone Francesco Natale Giuseppe Santoro Pio Caso Maria Giovanna Russo Eduardo Bossone Raffaele Calabrò 2016World Journal of Cardiology2016,8,7:10
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