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| 1 | Prediction of atrial fibrillation development and progression:current perspectives显示文摘Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. Several conventional and novel predictors of AF development and progression(from paroxysmal to persistent and permanent types) have been reported. The most important predictor of AF progression is possibly the arrhythmia itself. The electrical, mechanical and structural remodeling determines the perpetuation of AF and the progression from paroxysmal to persistent and permanent forms. Common clinical scores such as the hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, transient ischemic attack or stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure and the congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category scores as well as biomarkers related to inflammation may also add important information on this topic. There is now increasing evidence that even in patients with so-called lone or idiopathic AF, the arrhythmia is the manifestation of a structural atrial disease which has recently been defined and described as fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy. Fibrosis results from a broad range of factors related to AF inducing pathologies such as cell stretch, neurohumoral activation, and oxidative stress. The extent of fibrosis as detected either by late gadolinium enhancement-magnetic resonance imaging or electroanatomic voltage mapping may guide the therapeutic approach based on the arrhythmia substrate. The knowledge of these risk factors may not only delay arrhythmia progression, but also reduce the arrhythmia burden in patients with first detected AF. The present review highlights on the conventional and novel risk factors of development and progression of AF. | Konstantinos Vlachos Konstantinos P Letsas Panagiotis Korantzopoulos Tong Liu Stamatis Georgopoulos Athanasios Bakalakos Nikolaos Karamichalakis Sotirios Xydonas Michael Efremidis Antonios Sideris | 2016 | World Journal of Cardiology2016，8，3： | 16 |
| 2 | 冷冻球囊消融在阵发性心房颤动治疗中的应用显示文摘阵发性房颤是临床较为常见的心律失常,发病率高,其相关并发症对人体健康危害巨大。其治疗方法多样,包括药物、消融等方法,临床上均有一定疗效。冷冻球囊消融(简称冷冻消融)效果显著,与射频消融、药物治疗相比,其优越性高,并发症少,前景广阔。现就冷冻消融在心房纤颤(房颤)治疗中的应用作一简要综述。1冷冻消融的原理冷冻消融是指通过冷冻能源来进行消融治疗的一种方法。冷冻能源有一氧化氮、氢气、氦气、氧化亚氮等, | 蔡谦谦 胡文滕 宋兵 | 2015 | 中国循证心血管医学杂志2015，7，5： | 4 |
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