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| 1 | Stem cells in gastrointestinal cancers: The road less travelled显示文摘Cancer stem cells(CSC) are thought to be malignant cells that have the capacity to initiate and maintain tumor growth and survival. Studies have described CSC in various gastrointestinal neoplasms such as colon, pancreas and liver and gastroesophageal tumors. The mechanism by which CSC develop remains unclear. Several studies have explored the role of dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin, transformation growth factor-beta and hedhog pathways in generation of CSC. In this review, we discuss the various molecular abnormalities that may be related to formation of CSC in gastrointestinal malignancies, strategies to identify CSC and therapeutic strategies that are based on these concepts. Identification and targeting CSC is an intriguing area and may provide a new therapeutic option for patients with cancer including gastrointestinal malignancies. Although great progress has been made, many issues need to be addressed. Precise targeting of CSC will require precise isolation and characterization of those cells. This field is also evolving but further research is needed to identify markers that are specific for CSC.Although the application of this field has not entered the clinic yet, there continues to be significant optimism about its potential utility in overcoming cancer resistance and curing patients with cancer. | Sameh Mikhail Amer Zeidan | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，5： | 5 |
| 2 | Injury-associated reacquiring of intestinal stem cell function显示文摘Epithelial layer of the intestine relies upon stem cells for maintaining homeostasis and regeneration.Two types of stem cells are currently defined in intestinal crypts:the cycling crypt base columnar cells and quiescent cells.Though several candidate markers and regulators of rapidly cycling and quiescent stem cells have been identified so far,the exact nature of quiescent cells is still questionable since investigations mainly focused on candidate markers rather than the label-retaining population itself.Recent results,however,have streng-thened the argument for functional plasticity.Using a lineage tracing strategy label-retaining cells(LRCs)of the intestinal epithelium were marked,then followed by a pulse-chase analysis it was found that during homeostasis,LRCs were Lgr5-positive and were destined to become Paneth and neuroendocrine cells.Nevertheless,it was demonstrated that LRCs are capable of clonogenic growth by recall to the self-renewing pool of stem cells in case of epithelial injury.These new findings highlight on the hierarchical and spatial organization of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the important plasticity of progenitors during tissue regeneration,moreover,provide a motivation for studying their role in disorders like colorectal cancer. | Ferenc Sipos Gy?rgyi M?zes | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，7： | 0 |
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