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| 1 | Influence of environmental factors in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘Idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD), Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC), are multifactorial diseases that are manifested after disruption of a genetic predisposed individual and its intestinal microflora through an environmental stimulus. Urbanization and industrialization are associated with IBD. Epidemiological data, clinical observations and family/immigrants studies indicate the significance of environmental influence in the development of IBD. Some environmental factors have a different effect on the subtypes of IBD. Smoking and appendectomy is negatively associated with UC, but they are aggravating factors for CD. A westernized high fat diet, full of refined carbohydrates is strongly associated with the development of IBD, contrary to a high in fruit, vegetables and polyunsaturated fatty acid-3 diet that is protective against these diseases. High intake of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug and oral contraceptive pills as well as the inadequacy of vitamin D leads to an increased risk for IBD and a more malignant course of disease. Moreover, other factors such as air pollution, psychological factors, sleep disturbances and exercise influence the development and the course of IBD. Epigenetic mechanism like DNA methylation, histone modification and altered expression of miR NAS could explain the connection between genes and environmental factors in triggering the development of IBD. | Evangelia Legaki Maria Gazouli | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2016，7，1： | 15 |
| 2 | Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: Evidence based literature review显示文摘AIM: To advances in genetics and immunology have contributed to the current understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD). METHODS: The current opinion on the pathogenesis of IBD suggests that genetically susceptible individuals develop intolerance to dysregulated gut microflora(dysbiosis) and chronic inflammation develops as a result of environmental insults. Environmental exposures are innumerable with varying effects during the life course of individuals with IBD. Studying the relationship between environmental factors and IBD may provide the missing link to increasing our understanding of the etiology and increased incidence of IBD in recent years with implications for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Environmental factors are heterogeneous and genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, or dysbiosis do not lead to the development of IBD in isolation. RESULTS: Current challenges in the study of environmental factors and IBD are how to effectively translate promising results from experimental studies to humans in order to develop models that incorporate the complex interactions between the environment, genetics, immunology, and gut microbiota, and limited high quality interventional studies assessing the effect of modifying environmental factors on the natural history and patient outcomes in IBD.CONCLUSION: This article critically reviews the current evidence on environmental risk factors for IBD and proposes directions for future research. | Ayokunle T Abegunde Bashir H Muhammad Owais Bhatti Tauseef Ali | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，27： | 11 |
| 3 | 炎症性肠病的危险因素和卫生假说显示文摘炎症性肠病(IBD)的病因迄今仍未完全明确,尽管已发现了一些IBD易感基因,但它们仅在很小的程度上增加疾病发生风险,目前大量研究聚焦于环境危险因素与IBD方面。本综述主要总结了近年关于环境因素(卫生状况、饮食因素等),尤其是幼年期卫生条件与IBD关系的文献,认为居住于农村、兄弟姐妹多、豢养宠物等可降低IBD发生风险,居住于城市、家庭规模较小等则是IBD的危险因素。目前国内缺乏以人群为基础的卫生条件与IBD关系的研究,相关流行病学调查有待开展。 | 员莎 王巧民 | 2014 | 胃肠病学2014，19，8： | 3 |
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