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| 1 | New approaches to gastric cancer staging:Beyond endoscopic ultrasound,computed tomography and positron emission tomography显示文摘Currently,there is no single gold standard modality for staging of gastric cancer and several methods have been used complementarily in the each clinical situation. To make up for the shortcomings of conventional modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound,computed tomography and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography,numerous attempts with new approaches have been made for gastric cancer staging. For T staging,magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band was evaluated to differentiate mucosal cancer from submucosal cancer. Single/double contrast-enhanced ultrasound and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging were also tried to improve diagnostic accuracy of gastric cancer. For intraoperative staging with sentinel node mapping,indocyanine green infrared and fluorescence imaging was introduced. In addition,to detect micrometastasis,real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction system with multiple markers was studied.Staging laparoscopy using 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic diagnosis and percutaneous diagnostic peritoneal lavage were also evaluated.However,most studies reporting new staging methods is preliminary and further studies for validation in clinical practice are needed.In this mini-review,we discuss new progress in gastric cancer staging.Especially,we focus on new diagnostic approach to gastric cancer staging beyond the conventional modalities and briefly review the remarkable clinical results of the studies published over the past three years. | Hyuk Yoon Dong Ho Lee | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，38： | 17 |
| 2 | Molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer显示文摘Peritoneal dissemination represents a devastating form of gastric cancer(GC) progression with a dismal prognosis. There is no effective therapy for this condition. The 5-year survival rate of patients with peritoneal dissemination is 2%, even including patients with only microscopic free cancer cells without macroscopic peritoneal nodules. The mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of GC involves several steps: detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor, survival in the free abdominal cavity, attachment to the distant peritoneum, invasion into the subperitoneal space and proliferation with angiogenesis. These steps are not mutually exclusive, and combinations of different molecular mechanisms can occur in each process of peritoneal dissemination. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal dissemination is important and should be systematically pursued. It is crucial to identify novel strategies for the prevention of this condition and for identification of markers of prognosis and the development of molecular-targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of recently published articles addressing the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination of GC to provide an update on what is currently known in this field and to propose novel promising candidates for use in diagnosis and as therapeutic targets. | Mitsuro Kanda Yasuhiro Kodera | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，30： | 15 |
| 3 | Thymoquinone inhibits proliferation in gastric cancer via the STAT3 pathway in vivo and in vitro显示文摘AIM: To elucidate the mechanism of thymoquinone(TQ)-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: HGC27, BGC823, and SGC7901 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with TQ(0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 μmol/L) for 12 h, 24 h, and 36 h, and then the proliferation inhibitory rates were detected by methylthiazole tetrazolium assay. Apoptosis was observed after Hoechst staining. The protein expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)3, p-STAT3, STAT5, p-STAT5, phospho-janus-activated kinase 2(JAK2), JAK2, p-Src, Src, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lamin-A, survivin, Cyclin D, Bcl-2, Bax, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, and caspase-3,7,9 were detected by western blot. Cell cycle and apoptosis weredetermined with flow cytometry. TQ induced dosedependent apoptotic cell death in HGC27 cells was measured by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)/propidium iodide(PI) analysis and Hoechst 33258. RESULTS: TQ inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 but not STAT5. TQ-induced downregulation of STAT3 activation was associated with a reduction in JAK2 and c-Src activity. TQ also downregulated the expression of STAT3-regulated genes, such as Bcl-2, cyclin D, survivin, and vascular endothelial growth factor, and activated caspase-3,7,9. Consistent with the in vitro results, TQ was significantly effective as an antitumor agent in a xenograft tumor mouse model. CONCLUSION: This study provides strong evidence that downregulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway mediates TQ-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer. | Wen-Qian Zhu Jun Wang Xu-Feng Guo Zhou Liu Wei-Guo Dong | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，16： | 1 |
| 4 | Bursectomy at radical gastrectomy显示文摘Radical gastrectomy with extended lymph node dissec tion and prophylactic resection of the omentum, peri toneum over the posterior lesser sac, pancreas and/o spleen was advocated at the beginning of the 1960 s in Japan. In time, prophylactic routine resections of the pancreas and/or spleen were abandoned because of the high incidence of postoperative complications. However omentectomy and bursectomy continued to be standard parts of traditional radical gastrectomy. The bursaomentalis was thought to be a natural barrier against invasion of cancer cells into the posterior part of the stomach. The theoretical rationale for bursectomy was to reduce the risk of peritoneal recurrences by eliminating the peritoneum over the lesser sac, which might include free cancer cells or micrometastases. Over time, the indication for bursectomy was gradually reduced to only patients with posterior gastric wall tumors penetrating the serosa. Despite its theoretical advantages, its benefit for recurrence or survival has not been proven yet. The possible reasons for this inconsistency are discussed in this review. In conclusion, the value of bursectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer is still under debate and large-scale randomized studies are necessary. Until clear evidence of patient benefit is obtained, its routine use cannot be recommended. | Cuneyt Kayaalp | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2015，7，10： | 1 |
| 5 | Her-2过表达胃癌相关MicroRNA分子的研究显示文摘0引言目前全球每年新发胃癌93.4万例,其中有近40万例在中国内地。我国胃癌的患病率和死亡率均超过世界平均水平的两倍,平均每三分钟就有一人死于胃癌。胃癌的预后与胃癌的生物学特性、病理分期、部位、组织类型、以及治疗措施明确相关。胃癌的高死亡率主要与胃癌早期诊断困难和对于进展期胃癌缺乏有效的治疗手段有关[1-4]。因此必须对胃癌的发生机制进行深入研究,逐渐阐明参与其中作用分子的调控机制。 | 李建雄 | 2015 | 世界最新医学信息文摘2015，15，17： | 0 |
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