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| 1 | Influence of unrecorded alcohol consumption on liver cirrhosis mortality显示文摘Unrecorded alcohol includes illegally distributed alcohol as well as homemade or surrogate alcohol which is unintended for consumption by humans(e.g.,cosmetics containing alcohol).The highest unrecorded alcohol consumption occurs in Eastern Europe and some of these countries have an over proportional liver cirrhosis mortality.Compounds besides ethanol have been hypothesized as being responsible for this observation.On the other hand,chemical investigations were unable to prove that unrecorded alcohol regularly contains contaminants above toxicological thresholds.However,illegally produced spirits regularly contain higher percentages of alcohol(above 45%by volume),but for considerably less costs compared with licit beverages,potentially causing more problematic patterns of drinking.In this review,it is investigated whether patterns of drinking rather than product composition can explain the liver cirrhosis mortality rates.Statistical examination of World Health Organization country data shows that the originally detected correlation of the percentage of unrecorded alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality rates disappears when the data is adjusted for the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking.It may be concluded that there is currently a lack of data to demonstrate causality between the composition of illicit spirits(e.g.,higher levels of certain contaminants in home-produced products)and liver toxicity on a population scale.Exceptions may be cases of poisoning with antiseptic liquids containing compounds such as polyhexamethyleneguanidine,which were reported to be consumed as surrogate alcohol in Russia,leading to an outbreak of acute cholestatic liver injury,histologically different from conventional alcoholic liver disease. | Dirk W Lachenmeier Yulia B Monakhova Jürgen Rehm | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 10 |
| 2 | 非商业酒饮用状况及影响因素研究进展显示文摘概述了非商业酒的定义和分类,重点介绍了国内外非商业酒流行现状及其对健康的影响、饮用人群、饮用模式及饮用量方面,并从个体因素、人际和团体因素、社会因素和政策因素4个方面对非商业酒饮用行为的影响因素进行综述,同时提出了我国今后针对非商业酒开展研究的重点和方向。 | 申洋 王燕玲 | 2015 | 食品与发酵工业2015，41，6： | 0 |
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