| 1 | Hepatic inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease显示文摘Chronic liver inflammation drives hepatic fibrosis,and current immunosuppressive,anti-inflammatory,and anti-viral therapies can weaken this driver.Hepatic fibrosis is reversed,stabilized,or prevented in 57%-79%of patients by conventional treatment regimens,mainly by their anti-inflammatory actions.Responses,however,are commonly incomplete and inconsistently achieved.The fibrotic mechanisms associated with liver inflammation have been clarified,and anti-fibrotic agents promise to improve outcomes as adjunctive therapies.Hepatitis C virus and immune-mediated responses can activate hepatic stellate cells by increasing oxidative stress within hepatocytes.Angiotensin can be synthesized by activated hepatic stellate cells and promote the production of reactive oxygen species.Anti-oxidants(Nacetylcysteine,S-adenosyl-L-methionine,and vitamin E)and angiotensin inhibitors(losartin)have had antifibrotic actions in preliminary human studies,and they may emerge as supplemental therapies.Anti-fibrotic agents presage a new era of supplemental treatment for chronic liver disease. | Albert J Czaja | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，10： | 46 |
| 2 | Mechanisms of adaptation of the hepatic vasculature to the deteriorating conditions of blood circulation in liver cirrhosis显示文摘Pub Med, EMBASE, Orphanet, MIDLINE, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published between 1983 and 2015. Relevant articles were selected by using the following terms: 'Liver cirrhosis', 'Endothelial dysfunction', 'Sinusoidal remodeling', 'Intrahepatic angiogenesis' and 'Pathogenesis of portal hypertension'. Then the reference lists of identified articles were searched for other relevant publications as well. Besides gross hepatic structural disorders related to diffuse fibrosis and formation of regenerative nodules, the complex morphofunctional rearrangement of the hepatic microvascular bed and intrahepatic angiogenesis also play important roles in hemodynamic disturbances in liver cirrhosis. It is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and impaired paracrine interaction between activated stellate hepatocytes and sinusoidal endotheliocytes, sinusoidal remodeling and capillarization, as well as development of the collateral microcirculation. In spite of the fact that complex morphofunctional rearrangement of the hepatic microvascular bed and intrahepatic angiogenesis in liver cirrhosis are the compensatory-adaptive reaction to the deteriorating conditions of blood circulation, they contribute to progression of disease and development of serious complications, in particular, related to portal hypertension.Pub Med,EMBASE,Orphanet,MIDLINE,Google Scholar and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published between 1983 and 2015.Relevant articles were selected by using the following terms:'Liver cirrhosis','Endothelial dysfunction','Sinusoidal remodeling','Intrahepatic angiogenesis'and'Pathogenesis of portal hypertension'.Then the reference lists of identified articles were searched for other relevant publications as well.Besides gross hepatic structural disorders related to diffuse fibrosis and formation of regenerative nodules,the complex morphofunctional rearrangement of the hepatic microvascular bed and intrahepatic angiogenesis also play important roles in hemodynamic disturbances in liver cirrhosis.It is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and impaired paracrine interaction between activated stellate hepatocytes and sinusoidal endotheliocytes,sinusoidal remodeling and capillarization,as well as development of the collateral microcirculation.In spite of the fact that complex morphofunctional rearrangement of the hepatic microvascular bed and intrahepatic angiogenesis in liver cirrhosis are the compensatory-adaptive reaction to the deteriorating conditions of blood circulation,they contribute to progression of disease and development of serious complications,in particular,related to portal hypertension. | Dmitry Victorovich Garbuzenko Nikolay Olegovich Arefyev Dmitry Vladimirovich Belov | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，16： | 11 |
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