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| 1 | 肝移植术后排斥反应机制与免疫耐受显示文摘1963年,Starzl医生报道了第一例肝移植手术[1],此后肝移植被医学界公认为是治疗终末期肝病的有效手段。肝脏是人体最大的免疫特惠器官,原因可能与它的结构有关:肝脏具有门脉和动脉双重血液供应系统;肝窦内皮细胞间隙大,有助于耐受宿主的免疫系统攻击;肝脏中的Kupffer细胞还可以吞噬抗原抗体复合物,因此肝脏具有一定程度的天然免疫耐受性[2]。但是即便如此,免疫排斥仍然是肝移植的主要并发症。 | 赵静雯 唐缨 | 2015 | 实用器官移植电子杂志2015，3，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Tolerance in liver transplantation: Biomarkers and clinical relevance显示文摘Transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage organ failure,and modern immunosuppression has allowed important progress in short-term outcomes. However,immunosuppression poorly influences chronic rejection and elicits chronic toxicity in current clinical practice. Thus,a major goal in transplantation is to understand and induce tolerance. It is well established that human regulatory T cells expressing the transcription factor Fox P3 play important roles in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. The major regulatory T cell subsets and mechanisms of expansion that are critical for induction and long-term maintenance of graft tolerance and survival are being actively investigated. Likewise,other immune cells,such as dendritic cells,monocyte/macrophages or natural killer cells,have been described as part of the process known as 'operational tolerance'. However,translation of these results towards clinical practice needs solid tools to identify accurately and reliably patients who are going to be tolerant. In this way,a plethora of genetic and cellular biomarkers is raising and being validated worldwide in large multicenter clinical trials. Few of the studies performed so far have provided a detailed analysis of the impact of immunosuppression withdrawal on pre-existing complications derived from the long-term administration of immunosuppressive drugs and the side effects associated with them. The future of liver transplantation is aimed to develop new therapies which increase the actual low tolerant vs non-tolerant recipients ratio. | Alberto Baroja-Mazo Beatriz Revilla-Nuin Pascual Parrilla Laura Martínez-Alarcón Pablo Ramírez José Antonio Pons | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，34： | 4 |
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