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| 1 | Emerging molecular basis of hematogenous metastasis in gastric cancer显示文摘Lymphatic metastasis is commonly observed in gastric cancer(GC), but hematogenous metastasis is more likely responsible for the cancer-related mortality. Since Stephen Paget first introduced the 'seed and soil hypothesis' a century ago, growing evidence recognizes that numerous essential secreted factors and signaling pathway effectors participate in the pre-metastatic niche formation and distant organ metastasis. The cross-talk between GC cells and surrounding microenvironment may consist of a series of interrelated steps, including epithelial mesenchymal transition, intravasation into blood vessels, circulating tumor cell translocation, and secondary organ metastasis. Secreted factors including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases and cancer-derived extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, are essential in formation of premetastatic niche. Circulating tumor cells and micro RNAs represent as ‘‘metastatic intermediates' ' between primary tumors and sites of dissemination. Many biomarkers have been identified as novel metastatic markers and prognostic effectors. In addition, molecular therapy has been designed to target biomarkers such as growth factors(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, VEGF) and chemokines, although they have not clearly proven to be effective in inhibiting GC metastasis in clinical trials. In this review, we will systematically discuss the emerging molecules and their microenvironment in hematogenous metastasis of GC, which may help us to find new therapeutic strategies in the future. | Jing Zhong Yan Chen Liang-Jing Wang | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，8： | 8 |
| 2 | 恶性肿瘤微环境因素的研究进展显示文摘在世界范围内癌症是导致死亡的主要原因,对人类健康有巨大的威胁,据统计,2008年全世界因癌症而死亡的人数占所有死亡人数的13%,约为760万[1]。中国2009年新发肿瘤病例为312万例,平均每天8550人。全国肿瘤死亡率为180.5/10万,估计每年因癌症死亡达270万例,平均每天约7300人死于癌症[2]。因此,关于恶性肿瘤进一步研究显得极为重要和紧迫。目前,随着大量证据的出现。 | 司海龙 王惠玲 徐振晔 | 2015 | 华南国防医学杂志2015，29，4： | 2 |
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