| 1 | 长江中下游粮食主产区25年来稻田土壤养分演变特征显示文摘【目的】目前我国的水稻产量约占粮食总产量的一半以上,面积占耕地总面积的30%,为了探明我国水稻土土壤养分和肥力的演变特征,科学合理地指导稻田土壤养分管理和施肥,本文对长江中下游水稻主产区20世纪80年代以来国家水稻土长期动态监测数据进行了整理分析。【方法】利用时间趋势分析和中值分析的方法对长江中下游地区稻田土壤养分随时间的变化趋势进行了分析,分别总结了土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)的含量以及土壤p H在不同监测时期的演变特征和总体变化趋势;用统计分析得出不同监测时期施肥量的变化情况;运用主成分分析的方法对上述6大肥力指标对该区土壤综合肥力属性的年代变化趋势所产生的作用和影响进行了分析,得出不同监测时期土壤肥力主要贡献因子和限制性因子的变异情况。【结果】1)我国长江中下游地区稻田土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量与监测初期相比均略有升高,其中有机质含量从监测中期到监测后期上升趋势明显(P<0.05),碱解氮从监测初期到中期也呈显著性增加趋势(P<0.05);2)监测25年来,土壤有效磷含量从12.4 mg/kg增加到12.9 mg/kg,土壤速效钾含量总体上呈稳中有升的变化趋势,与监测初期相比,监测中期和监测后期的速效钾含量分别增加了13.9 mg/kg和17.9 mg/kg;3)土壤p H值总体呈缓慢降低的趋势,下降了0.37个单位,表明在当前的施肥和田间管理措施下我国水稻土存在一定的酸化趋势;4)土壤全氮、碱解氮与有机质含量变化存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),且变化趋势基本一致;5)与监测初期相比,20 25年后水稻土土壤肥力主要贡献因子由全氮、碱解氮和有机质转变为全氮、碱解氮和速效钾,主要限制因素从有效磷和速效钾含量的缺乏转向p H值的逐渐降低。【结论】在农民习惯的耕作施肥管理条件下,该地区稻田土壤养分含量基本呈上升趋势,说明土壤肥力总体上得到了改善;但土壤p H在一定程度上已显现出对土壤肥力的限制性作用,所导致的酸化趋势需要关注。另外,从农田养分平衡管理的角度看,土壤速效钾和有效磷仍然是该区稻田持续生产和农业持续发展的重要影响因素,在施肥过程中对钾与磷的投入仍需加强,而氮肥施用量需要合理控制。 | 李建军 辛景树 张会民 段建军 任意 孙楠 徐明岗 | 2015 | 植物营养与肥料学报2015，21，1： | 45 |
| 2 | Organic amendments increase corn yield by enhancing soil resilience to climate change显示文摘A 22-year field experiment was conducted in Gongzhuling, Jilin province, China to investigate corn yield response to fertilization practice. Compared to an unfertilized control(CK), all fertilization treatments, including inorganic nitrogen fertilizer only(N), balanced inorganic fertilizers(NPK), NPK plus corn straw(SNPK), and NPK plus farmyard manure(MNPK), resulted in significant increases in corn yield. However, only organic matter amendments sustained increasing yield trends, with annual rates of 0.137 and 0.194 t ha-1for the SPNK and MNPK treatments, respectively(P < 0.05). During the 22 years, the daily mean, maximum and minimum temperatures increased by 0.50, 0.53, and 0.46 °C per decade, whereas precipitation displayed no significant change but showed large seasonal variation. According to a regression analysis, increased air temperature exerted positive effects on corn yields under the SNPK and the MNPK treatments. Under both treatments,soil organic carbon contents and soil nutrient availabilities increased significantly compared to their initial levels in 1990, whereas soil bulk density and total porosity changed slightly under the two treatments, which showed higher soil water storage than other treatments. In contrast, significant increases in soil bulk density and decreases in soil total porosity and soil nutrient availability were observed under the CK, N and NPK treatments. The contributions of soil fertility to corn yield were 28.4%, 37.9%, 38.4%, 39.0%,and 42.9% under CK, N, NPK, SNPK, and MNPK treatments, respectively, whereas climate changes accounted for 27.0%, 14.6%, 12.4%, 11.8%, and 10.8%. These results indicate that, in Northeast China, organic matter amendments can mitigate negative and exploit positive effects of climate change on crop production by enhancing soil quality. | Zhenwei Song Hongjun Gao Ping Zhu Chang Peng Aixing Deng Chengyan Zheng Md Abdul Mannaf Md Nurul Islam Weijian Zhang | 2015 | The Crop Journal2015，3，2： | 8 |
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