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| 1 | Engineering stem cell niches in bioreactors显示文摘Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and amniotic fluid stem cells have the potential to be expanded and differentiated into various cell types in the body.Efficient differentiation of stem cells with the desired tissue-specific function is critical for stem cell-based cell therapy, tissue engineering, drug discovery and disease modeling. Bioreactors provide a great platform to regulate the stem cell microenvironment, known as 'niches',to impact stem cell fate decision. The niche factors include the regulatory factors such as oxygen, extracellular matrix(synthetic and decellularized), paracrine/autocrine signaling and physical forces(i.e., mechanical force, electrical force and flow shear). The use of novel bioreactors with precise control and recapitulation of niche factors through modulating reactor operation parameters can enable efficient stem cell expansion and differentiation. Recently, the development of microfluidic devices and microbioreactors also provides powerful tools to manipulate the stem cell microenvironment by adjusting flow rate and cytokine gradients. In general,bioreactor engineering can be used to better modulate stem cell niches critical for stem cell expansion, differentiation and applications as novel cell-based biomedicines. This paper reviews important factors that can be more precisely controlled in bioreactors and their effects on stem cell engineering. | Meimei Liu Ning Liu Ru Zang Shang-Tian Yang Yan Li | 2013 | World Journal of Stem Cells2013，5，4： | 5 |
| 2 | Human adipose tissue contains erythroid progenitors expressing fetal hemoglobin显示文摘AIM: To investigate the origin of hematopoietic progenitors contained in the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)of human adipose tissue.METHODS: Tissue samples obtained from lipectomies were subjected to enzymatic digestion with collagenase to obtain a single-cell suspension. The centrifuged cell pellet, termed SVF, was separated immunomagnetically into CD45+and CD45-cells and cultured in serum-free medium containing hematopoietic cytokines. The freshly isolated and cultured cells were evaluated to determine their ability to form hematopoietic colony-forming units in clonogenic assays and for the expression of certain hematopoietic transcription factors by reversetranscription-polymerase chain reaction; the gene expression level was compared to that in CD34+hematopoietic progenitor cells from cord blood(CB) and adult peripheral blood(PB). To characterize erythroid progenitors, burst-forming units-erythroid(BFU-E) were developed in a semisolid medium under different culture conditions, and the hemoglobin composition and globin gene expression in the erythroid colonies were determined.RESULTS: The transcription factors SCL/TAL1, RUNX1,RUNX2 and GATA2 were expressed in both the CD45+and CD45-SVF populations; however, in contrast to our observations in the CD34+cells from CB and adult PB, GATA1 was not detected. Nevertheless, GATA1could be detected in the SVF cells after seven days in culture, whereas its expression was upregulated in the CB CD34+cells. The analysis of BFU-E-derived colonies revealed that virtually all erythroid cells produced by SVF cells expressed fetal hemoglobin, and the γ-globin mRNA levels ranged between those obtained in the adult- and neonatal-derived erythroid cells. Moreover,the SVF-derived erythroid cells synthesized similar levels of α- and β-globin mRNA, whereas the α-globin transcript levels were consistently higher those ofβ-globin in the cells derived from CB or PB CD34+cells. Furthermore, although the cellular distribution of hemoglobin in the erythroid cells derived from the CD34+cells obtained from hematopoietic tissues was dependent on the presence or absence of serum in the culture medium, this did not affect the SVF-derived erythroid cells.CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that hematopoietic progenitors in SVF have molecular and functional features that differ from those exhibited by circulating progenitors, suggesting the possibility of a different origin. | Amparo Navarro María Dolores Miana Francisco Carbonell-Uberos Severiano Marín | 2013 | World Journal of Stem Cells2013，5，4： | 0 |
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