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1Chronic HCV infection and inflammation:Clinical impact on hepatic and extra-hepatic manifestations显示文摘The liver has a central role in regulating inflammation by its capacity to secrete a number of proteins that control both local and systemic inflammatory responses. Chronic inflammation or an exaggerated inflammatory response can produce detrimental effects on target organs. Chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection causes liver inflammation by complex and not yet well-understood molecular pathways, including direct viral effects and indirect mechanisms involving cytokine pathways,oxidative stress and steatosis induction. An increasing body of evidence recognizes the inflammatory response in chronic hepatitis C as pathogenically linked to the development of both liver-limited injury(fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) and extrahepatic HCV-related diseases(lymphoproliferative disease,atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and brain disease). Defining the complex mechanisms of HCV-induced inflammation could be crucial to determine the global impact of infection, to estimate progression of the disease, and to explore novel therapeutic approaches to avert HCVrelated diseases. This review focuses on HCV-related clinical conditions as a result of chronic liver and systemic inflammatory states.Rosa Zampino Aldo Marrone Luciano Restivo Barbara Guerrera Ausilia Sellitto Luca Rinaldi Ciro Romano Luigi E Adinolfi 2013World Journal of Hepatology2013,5,10:13
2Molecular Pathogenesis of Liver Steatosis Induced by Hepatitis C Virus显示文摘Liver steatosis is a pathological hallmark in patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC).Increased lipid uptake,decreased lipid secretion,increased lipid synthesis and decreased lipid degradation are all involved in pathogenesis of steatosis induced by hepatitic C virus(HCV) infection.Level of low density lipoprotein receptor(LDL-R) and activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) α is related to liver uptake of lipid from circulation,and affected by HCV.Secretion via microsomal triglyceride transfer protein(MTTP),and formation of very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) have been hampered by HCV infection.Up-regulation of lipid synthesis related genes,such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein(SREBP)-1,SREBP-2,SREBP-1c,fatty acid synthase(FASN),HMG CoA reductase(HMGCR),liver X receptor(LXR),acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1(ACC1),hepatic CB(1) receptors,retinoid X receptor(RXR) α,were the main stay of liver steatosis pathogenesis.Degradation of lipid in liver is decreased in patients with CHC.There is strong evidence that heterogeneity of HCV core genes of different genotypes affect their effects of liver steatosis induction.A mechanism in which steatosis is involved in HCV life cycle is emerging.Jun Cheng Min Li Ping Gao Jin-ling Dong Qi Wang 2012国际感染病学(电子版)2012,1,3:0
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