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| 1 | Use of blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis and surveillance of colorectal cancer显示文摘Early screening for colorectal cancer(CRC) holds the key to combat and control the increasing global burden of CRC morbidity and mortality. However, the current available screening modalities are severely inadequate because of their high cost and cumbersome preparatory procedures that ultimately lead to a low participation rate. People simply do not like to have colonoscopies. It would be ideal, therefore, to develop an alternative modality based on blood biomarkers as the first line screening test. This will allow for the differentiation of the general population from high risk individuals. Colonoscopy would then become the secondary test, to further screen the high risk segment of the population. This will encourage participation and therefore help to reach the goal of early detection and thereby reduce the anticipated increasing global CRC incidence rate. A blood-based screening test is anappealing alternative as it is non-invasive and poses minimal risk to patients. It is easy to perform, can be repeated at shorter intervals, and therefore would likely lead to a much higher participation rate. This review surveys various blood-based test strategies currently under investigation, discusses the potency of what is available, and assesses how new technology may contribute to future test design. | Ganepola AP Ganepola Joel Nizin John R Rutledge David H Chang | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，4： | 11 |
| 2 | CT colonography in the diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer:Emphasis on pre-and post-surgical evaluation显示文摘This article addresses the use of computed tomographic colonography(CTC)for the diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer,focusing on presurgical evaluation of the colon proximal to an occlusive cancer and surveillance after cancer resection surgery.The key evidences accumulated in the literature and future work needed are summarized.CTC is a technically robust and the most practical method to evaluate the colon proximal to an occlusive cancer,which prevents colonoscopic examination past the occlusion,either before or after metallic stent placement.The high sensitivity of CTC for detecting cancers and advanced adenomas in the proximal colon can help prevent additional surgical procedures in patients showing negative results.However,the accuracy of CTC for distinguishing intramural cancers from adenomas is low,and the technique is limited in guiding management when a medium-sized lesion that do not show invasive features such as pericolic extension or nodal metastasis is found in the proximal colon.A maximal diameter≥15 mm has been proposed as a criterion for surgical removal of proximal lesions.However,this needs to be verified in a larger cohort.In addition,the influence of presurgical CTC results on the current post-cancer resection colonic surveillance timeline remains to be determined.CTC can be readily added to the routine abdominopelvic CT in the form of contrast-enhanced CTC,which can serve as an effective stand-alone tool for postcancer resection surveillance of both the colorectum and extracolonic organs.Although the accuracy of CTC has been demonstrated,its role in the current colonoscopy-based postoperative colonic surveillance protocols remains to be determined.Readers of CTC also need to be knowledgeable on the colonic lesions that are unique to the postoperative colon. | Nurhee Hong Seong Ho Park | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，8： | 5 |
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