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1Current status and future applications of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography显示文摘Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) is currently an in-tegral investigation of many gastrointestinal disorders.It has been shown to have a higher efficacy thanconventional computed tomography in detection andcharacterization of small lesions especially in the pan-creas. Much effort has been put to further improvethe sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of EUS.One of the major advances is the utilization of contrastagents for better delineation of the vascularity and tis-sue perfusion of the target lesion. This article describesthe basic principles of ultrasound contrast agents andthe different modalities used in contrast-enhanced EUS(CE-EUS) including contrast-enhanced Doppler EUS(CED-EUS) and contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS(CEH-EUS). In addition, the current applications of contrastenhanced EUS in different gastrointestinal conditionswere discussed. Furthermore, the future developmentof hybrid approaches combining CE-EUS with other im-aging modalities and the potential therapeutic aspectof using it as a vector for drug delivery were also dis-cussed.Hon Chi Yip Anthony Yuen Bun Teoh Charing Ching Ning Chong James Yun Wong Lau 2014World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014,6,4:3
2Contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasound: More than just a fancy Doppler显示文摘Contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasound(CEUS)is a new modality that takes advantage of vascular structure and blood flow to distinguish different clinical entities.Contrast agents are microbubbles that oscillate when exposed to ultrasonographic waves resulting in characteristic acoustic signals that are then converted to colour images.This permits exquisite imaging of macroand microvasculature,providing information to help delineate malignant from non-malignant processes.The use of CEUS may significantly increase the sensitivity and specificity over conventional endoscopic ultrasound.Currently available contrast agents are safe,with infrequent adverse effects.This review summarizes the theory and technique behind CEUS and the current and future clinical applications.Rachid M Mohamed Brian M Yan 2010World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010,2,7:0
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