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| 1 | Endoscopic and retrograde cholangiographic appearance of hepaticojejunostomy strictures:A practical classifi cation显示文摘AIM:To study the endoscopic and radiological characteristics of patients with hepaticojejunostomy(HJ)and propose a practical HJ stricture classif ication.METHODS:In a retrospective observational study,a balloon-assisted enteroscopy(BAE)-endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was performed 44 times in 32 patients with surgically-altered gastrointestinal(GI)anatomy.BAE-endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography(ERCP)was performed 23 times in 18 patients with HJ.The HJ was carefully studied with the endoscope and using cholangiography.RESULTS:The authors observed that the hepaticojejunostomies have characteristics that may allow these to be classif ied based on endoscopic and cholangiographic appearances:the HJ orif ice aspect may appear as small(type A)or large(type B)and the stricture may be short(type 1),long(type 2)and type 3,intrahepatic biliary strictures not associated with anastomotic stenosis.In total,7 patients had type A1,4 patients A2,one patient had B1,one patient had B(large orif ice without stenosis)and one patient had type B3.CONCLUSION:This practical classification allows for an accurate initial assessment of the HJ,thus potentially allowing for adequate therapeutic planning,as the shape,length and complexity of the HJ and biliary tree choice may mandate the type of diagnostic and thera-peutic accessories to be used.Of additional importance,a standardized classif ication may allow for better com-parison of studies of patients undergoing BAE-ERCP in the setting of altered upper GI anatomy. | Klaus Mnkemüller Ivan Jovanovic | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2011，3，11： | 1 |
| 2 | Advances in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cannulation显示文摘Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatobiliary diseases.A critical step in this procedure is deep cannulation of the bile duct as failure of cannulation generally results in an aborted procedure and failed intervention.Expert endoscopists usually achieve a high rate of successful cannulation while those less experienced typically have a much lower rate and a greater incidence of complications.Prolonged attempts at cannulation can result in significant morbidity to patients,anxiety for endoscopists,unnecessary radiation exposure and inefficient patient care.Here we review the most common endoscopic techniques used to achieve selective biliary cannulation.Pharmacologic aids to cannulation are also discussed briefly in this review. | Emad Qayed Ashley L Reid Field F Willingham Steve Keilin | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，4： | 1 |
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