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| 1 | Clinical trials on corticosteroids for diabetic macular edema显示文摘Diabetic macular edema(DME)is a common cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients.It is caused by an increase in the permeability of the perifoveal capillaries and a disruption of the blood retinal-barrier.The pathogenesis of DME is multifactorial.Several therapeutic modalities have been proposed for the treatment of DME.Corticosteroid treatments have emerged as an alternative therapy for persistent DME or refractory to conventional laser photocoagulation and other modalities,due to anti-inflammatory,anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and anti-proliferative effects.Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial therapeutic effect of corticosteroids with improvement to both retinal thickness and visual acuity in short-term on the treatment of DME.Peribulbar and intravitreal injections have been used to deliver steroids for DME with frequent injections due to the chronic and recurrent nature of the disease.Steroid-related side effects include elevated intraocular pressure,cataract,and injection related complications such as endophthalmitis,vitreous hemorrhage,and retinal detachment particularly with intravitreal steroid injections.In order to reduce the risks,complications and frequent dosing of intravitreal steroids,intravitreal implants have been developed recently to provide sustained release of corticosteroids and reduce repeated intravitreal injections for the management of DME. | Hassan A Al Dhibi J Fernando Arevalo | 2013 | World Journal of Diabetes2013，4，6： | 17 |
| 2 | Diabetic macular edema:New promising therapies显示文摘The treatment of diabetic macular edema is rapidly evolving.The era of laser therapy is being quickly replaced by an era of pharmacotherapy.Several pharmacotherapies have been recently developed for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic macular edema.Several intravitreal injections or sustained delivery devices have undergone phase 3 testing while others are currently being evaluated.The results of clinical trials have shown the superiority of some of these agents to laser therapy.However,with the availability of several of these newer agents,it may be difficult to individualize treatment options especially those patients respond differently to various therapies.As such,more effort is still needed in order to determine the best treatment regimen for a given patient.In this article,we briefly summarize the major new therapeutic additions for the treatment of diabetic macular edema and allude to some future promising therapies. | Hanan N Al Shamsi Jluwi S Masaud Nicola G Ghazi | 2013 | World Journal of Diabetes2013，4，6： | 4 |
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