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| 1 | Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors显示文摘Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults over 50 years old.Genetic,epidemiological,and molecular studies are beginning to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying this complex disease,which implicate the lipid-cholesterol pathway in the pathophysiology of disease development and progression.Many of the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with AMD are also associated with other complex degenerative diseases of advanced age,including cardiovascular disease(CVD).In this review,we present epidemiological findings associating AMD with a variety of lipid pathway genes,cardiovascular phenotypes,and relevant environmental exposures.Despite a number of studies showing significant associations between AMD and these lipid/cardiovascular factors,results have been mixed and as such the relationships among these factors and AMD remain controversial.It is imperative that researchers not only tease out the various contributions of such factors to AMD development but also the connections between AMD and CVD to develop optimal precision medical care for aging adults. | Katie L.Pennington Margaret M.DeAngelis | 2016 | Eye and Vision2016，3，1： | 22 |
| 2 | 脂质在年龄相关性黄斑变性发病机制中的作用显示文摘年龄相关性黄斑变性(age—related macular degeneration,AMD)是西方老年人不可逆盲的首要原因,随着我国社会人口老龄化的加重,中国AMD患病率急剧上升。但其病因和确切发病机制尚未明确,故缺乏有效的防治措施。近年来国内外对脂类代谢与AMD的发病机制广泛的实验与临床研究提示,脂类代谢异常与AMD的发生呈正相关,但有些研究则结论不一。本文就视网膜脂质及全身血脂代谢在AMD发病机制中作用的研究现状进行综述。 | 张蓓 邱庆华 | 2011 | 国际眼科纵览2011，35，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Statins for age related macular degeneration: promising but unproven显示文摘Statins are used widely to treat hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.They have inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects potentially useful for managing systemic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis.Statins also have anti-oxidative and large-vessel endothelial supportive properties that occur independent of their lipid-lowering effects.Additionally,statins can suppress macrophage and microglial activation responsible for initiating inflammatory cytokine release.More than forty percent of adults aged 65 years or older use statins in the United States and Australia,a prevalence that increases with age.The effects of statin usage on ophthalmic practice are probably underrecognized.Cardiovascular disease and age-related macular degeneration(AMD)share common risk factors,consistent with the“vascular model”of AMD pathogenesis that implicates impaired choroidal circulation in Bruch’s membrane lipoprotein accumulation.AMD has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis involving oxidative stress,choroidal vascular dysfunction,dysregulated complement-cascade-mediated inflammation and pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic growth factors.Many of these components are hypothetically amenable to the primary(cholesterol lowering)and secondary(anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative,anti-vasculopathy)effects of statin use.Experimental studies have been promising,epidemiological trails have produced conflicting results and three prospective clinical trials have been inconclusive at demonstrating the value of statin therapy for delaying or preventing AMD.Cumulative evidence to date has failed to prove conclusively that statins are beneficial for preventing or treating AMD. | Martin A.Mainster Ahmed Al-Janabi Ana Boris Moreno Andrade Gerardo Ledesma-Gil | 2021 | Annals of Eye Science2021，，4： | 0 |
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