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| 1 | Coinfection of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in HIV-infectedpatients in south India显示文摘AIM: To screen for the co-infection of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in southern India. METHODS: Five hundred consecutive HIV infected patients were screened for Hepatitis B Virus (HBsAg and HBV-DNA) and Hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV and HCV-RNA) using commercially available ELISA kits; HBsAg, HBeAg/ anti-HBe (Biorad laboratories, USA) and anti-HCV (Murex Diagnostics, UK). The HBV-DNA PCR was performed to detect the surface antigen region (pre S-S). HCV-RNA was detected by RT-PCR for the detection of the constant 5' putative non-coding region of HCV. RESULTS: HBV co-infection was detected in 45/500 (9%) patients and HCV co-infection in 11/500 (2.2%) subjects. Among the 45 co-infected patients only 40 patients could be studied, where the detection rates of HBe was 55% (22/40), antiHBe was 45% (18/40) and HBV-DNA was 56% (23/40). Among 11 HCV co-infected subjects, 6 (54.5%) were anti-HCV and HCV RNA positive, while 3 (27.2%) were positive for anti-HCV alone and 2 (18%) were positive for HCV RNA alone. CONCLUSION: Since the principal routes for HIV transmission are similar to that followed by the hepatotropic viruses, as a consequence, infections with HBV and HCV are expected in HIV infected patients. Therefore, it would be advisable to screen for these viruses in all the HIV infected individuals and their sexual partners at the earliest. | Shanmugam Saravanan Vijayakumar Velu Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy Subhadra Nandakumar Kailapuri Gangatharan Murugavel Pachamuthu Balakrishnan Solomon Suniti Sadras Panchatcharam Thyagarajan | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，37： | 6 |
| 2 | Viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus coinfections in Asia显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV), hepatitis C virus(HCV),and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) affect many people in Asian countries, although there are geographic differences. Both HBV and HIV(HBV/HIV) and HCV/HIV co-infections are highly prevalent in Asia. Hetero- and homosexual, injection drug use, and geographic area are strong predictors of HBV, HCV, and HIV serostatus. In HBV endemic regions, the prevalence and genotype distribution of HBV/HIV coinfection is almost comparable with that in the general population. In Japan, where HBV has low endemicity, the prevalence of HBV/HIV co-infection is approximately 10-fold higher than that in the general population, and HBV Ae is the most common subgenotype among HIV infected individuals. Highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) is an effective treatment for HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Lamivudine, a component of HAART, is an effective treatment for HBV, HIV, and HBV/HIV co-infection; however, cost, emerging drug resistance, antiretroviral-associated liver toxicity and liver-related morbidity due to HCV progression are particular concerns. HCV/HIV co-infection may accelerate the clinical progression of both HCV and HIV. The high prevalence of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV co-infections in Asia underscores the need to improve prevention and control measures, as fewer evidencebased prevention strategies are available(compared with Western countries). In this review, the most recent publications on the prevalence of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV co-infections and related issues, such as therapy and problems in Asia, are updated and summarized. | Takako Utsumi Maria I Lusida | 2015 | World Journal of Virology2015，4，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Seroprevalence of HCV and its co-infection with HBV and HIV among liver disease patients of South Tamil Nadu显示文摘AIM:To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) and its co-infection with hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis delta agent(HDV) and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) among liver disease patients of south Tamil Nadu. METHODS:A total of 1012 samples comprising 512 clinically diagnosed cases of liver disease patients and 500 apparently healthy age and sex matched individuals were screened for Hepatitis C virus(anti HCV and HCV RNA) ,Hepatitis B virus(HBsAg),Hepatitis delta agent(anti HDV) and Human immuno virus(antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2) using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits.HCV RNA wasdetected by RT-PCR.Liver function tests like ALT,AST,GGT,ALP,bilirubin and albumin were also studied. RESULTS:The seroprevalence of HCV was found to be 5.6%among liver disease patients by ELISA.27/512,49/512 and 12/512 patients were positive for HIV,HBV &HDV respectively.Co-infection of HCV&HBV was found in 8 patients,with 6 for HCV&HIV and 4 for HCV,HBV&HIV co-infections.Sex-wise analysis showed that HIV,HCV&HBV and HCV&HIV co-infection was high among females whereas for HBV it was high in males. The mean ALT and AST in HCV positive cases were 42.1±8.3 and 49±10.1.In people co-infected with HCV&HBV or HCV&HIV or HCV,HBV&HIV the mean ALT of 58.0±03.16,56.78±4.401 and 64.37±4.01 respectively. CONCLUSION:We strongly recommend routine test of the blood for HCV in addition to HBV and HIV.We also recommend individualized counseling to identify those at risk and testing for those who want it.Improved surveillance and periodic epidemiological studies will have to be undertaken to monitor and prevent these blood-borne viruses. | Ganesh Kumar Anbazhagan Sridharan Krishnamoorthy Thirunalasundari Thiyagarajan | 2010 | World Journal of Hepatology2010，2，1： | 2 |
| 4 | 静脉药瘾者多病毒感染与T细胞亚群关系显示文摘目的研究静脉药瘾者(IDU)血源性病毒感染及重叠感染状况、T细胞亚群变化与多重病毒感染的关系。方法以406名无肝炎病史的静脉药瘾者为研究对象,用酶联免疫吸附法、免疫层析法和多聚酶链反应检测血源传播的常见病毒的感染标志物,用免疫荧光法检测T细胞;用ELISA和放射免疫法检测诱生的细胞因子和血清的细胞因子。选取同一地区102名健康体检者作对照。结果在406例静脉药瘾者中,乙肝病毒(HBV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、丁肝病毒(HDV)、戊肝病毒(HGV)和血源传染病毒(HCMV)感染率分别为36.45%,69.7%,47.3%,2.22%,1.97%和3.45%,均明显高于对照组,静脉药瘾者(61.81%)存在2种以上病毒感染。HIV易重叠HCV和HBV等病毒感染,重叠感染率为83.85%。对照组仅存在HBV感染17.65%(18/102)。静脉药瘾者的CD3+和CD4+细胞比例减少,CD8+细胞比例无明显变化,单个核细胞诱生的IL-4、IFN-γ以及血清IL-2减少,血清IL-4增高(P<0.01)。发生HIV感染或HIV重叠HCV/HBV病毒感染时,诱生的IFN-γ和CD4+细胞比例进一步降低。HIV合并HBV感染的静脉药瘾者,51.72%表现HBV-DNA阳性和37.93%的HBeAg阳性;但无HIV感染时,HBV-DNA阳性率仅为1.68%。结论静脉药瘾者易出现多种病毒感染,主要是HIV、HCV和HBV的感染。静脉药瘾者Th1细胞功能减弱,出现HIV感染或重叠感染使Th1/Th2细胞平衡紊乱,进一步证实了HIV可能通过减弱Th1细胞功能,促进HBV的复制。 | 田昆仑 吴建新 苏娟 杨志华 李建蓉 | 2009 | 中国公共卫生2009，25，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Insights into human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis B virus co-infection in India显示文摘Shared routes of transmission lead to frequent human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-hepatitis B virus(HBV) coinfection in a host which results in about 10% of HIV positive individuals to have chronic hepatitis B infection worldwide. In post-antiretroviral therapy era, liverdiseases have emerged as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals and HBV coinfection have become the major health issue among this population particularly from the regions with endemic HBV infection. In setting of HIV-HBV co-infection, HIV significantly impacts the natural history of HBV infection, its disease profile and the treatment outcome in negative manner. Moreover, the epidemiological pattern of HBV infection and the diversity in HBV genome(genotypic and phenotypic) are also varied in HIV co-infected subjects as compared to HBV mono-infected individuals. Several reports on the abovementioned issues are available from developed parts of the world as well as from sub-Saharan African countries. In contrast, most of these research areas remained unexplored in India despite having considerable burden of HIV and HBV infections. This review discusses present knowledge from the studies on HIV-HBV co-infection in India and relevant reports from different parts of the world. Issues needed for the future research relevant to HIV-HBV co-infection in India are also highlighted here, including a call for further investigations on this field of study. | Runu Chakravarty Ananya Pal | 2015 | World Journal of Virology2015，4，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Study on the blood-borne virus co-infection and T lymphocyte subset among intravenous drug users显示文摘AIM: To investigate the features of various blood- borne virus infections and co-infection in intravenous drug users (IDUs), and to examine the correlation of T lymphocyte subsets with virus co-infection. METHODS: Four hundred and six IDUs without any clinical manifestation of hepatitis and 102 healthy persons were enrolled in this study. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HDV-Ag, anti-HGV, anti-HIV, and HCMV-IgM were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic tests. The levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were measured by ELISA and radioactive immune assay (RIA). The T lymphocyte subpopulation was detected by using fluorescence immunoassay. The similar indices taken from the healthy persons served as controls. RESULTS: The viral infection rate among IDUs was 36.45% for HBV, 69.7% for HCV, 47.3% for HIV, 2.22% for HDV, 1.97% for HGV, and 3.45% for HCMV. The co- infection rate of blood-borne virus was detected in 255 of 406 (62.81%) IDUs. More than 80% (161/192) of subjects infected with HIV were co-infected with the other viruses, such as HBV, HCV. In contrast, among the controls, the infection rate was 17.65% for HBV and 0% for the other viruses. Our investigation showed that there was a profound decrease in the proportion of CD4/CD8 and the percentage of CD3 and CD4, but not in the percentage of CD8. The levels of PHA-induced cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) and serum IL-2 were obviously decreased in IDUs. On the other hand, the level ofserum IL-4 was increased. The level of IFN-γ and the percentage of CD4 were continuously decreased when the IDUs were infected with HIV or HIV co-infection. IDUs with HIV and HBV co-infection was 15.1% (29/192). Of those 29 IDU with HIV and HBV co-infection, 51.72% (15/29) and 37.93% (11/29) were HBV-DNA-positive and HBeAg-positive, respectively. But, among IDUs without HIV infection, only 1.68% (2/119) of cases were HBV- DNA-positive. CONCLUSION: HCV, HBV and HIV infections are common in this population of IDU, leading to a high incidence of impaired Th1 cytokine levels and CD4 lymphocyte. IDUs with HIV and HBV/HCV co-infection have lower expression of Th1 cytokine with enhancement of the Th2 response. HIV may be causing HBV replication by decreasing Th1 function. | Jian-Rong Li Rui-Yu Gong Kun-Lun Tian Jing Wang Yi-Xin Wang Han-Ju Huang | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，16： | 1 |
| 7 | 少数民族地区静脉药瘾者多病毒感染及与T细胞亚群变化的研究显示文摘[目的]研究云南少数民族地区静脉药瘾者(IDU)血源性病毒感染、重叠感染状况以及T细胞亚群变化与多重病毒感染的关系。[方法]以406名无肝炎病史的云南少数民族地区IDU为研究对象,用酶联免疫吸附法、免疫层析法和多聚酶链反应检测血源传播的常见病毒(HBV等)的感染标志物,用免疫荧光法检测CD3、CD4和CD8T细胞;用ELISA和放射免疫法检测诱生的细胞因子和血清的细胞因子。同时选取同一地区102名健康体检者作对照。[结果]在406例IDU中,HBV、HCV、HIV、HDV、HGV和HCMV感染率分别为36.45%,69.7%,47.3%,2.22%,1.97%和3.45%,均明显高于对照组,大多数IDU 62.81%,存在两种以上病毒感染。HIV易重叠HCV和HBV等病毒感染,重叠感染率为83.85%。对照组仅存在HBV感染17.65%。IDU的CD3+和CD4+细胞比例减少,CD8+细胞比例无明显变化,单个核细胞诱生的IL-4、IFN-γ以及血清IL-2减少,血清IL-4增高(P﹤0.01)。发生HIV感染或HIV重叠HCV/HBV病毒感染时,诱生的IFN-γ和CD4细胞比例进一步降低。当HIV合并HBV感染的IDU,51.72%表现HBV-DNA阳性和37.93%的HBeAg阳性;但无HIV感染时,HBV-DNA阳性率仅为1.68%。[结论]IDU易出现多种病毒感染,主要是HIV、HCV和HBV的感染。IDUTh1细胞功能减弱,出现HIV感染或重叠感染使Th1/Th2细胞平衡紊乱,进一步证实了HIV可能通过减弱Th1细胞功能,促进HBV的复制。 | 田昆仑 吴建新 苏娟 杨志华 李建蓉 | 2010 | 现代预防医学2010，37，2： | 0 |
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