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| 1 | 松花江干流河道演变与维持河道稳定的需水量研究显示文摘通过对松花江干流多年水沙过程、纵剖面及横断面形态、河道稳定性计算及河势变化分析,表明松花江干流河势总体相对稳定。针对松花江以推移质造床为主,输沙水量不是维持河道稳定的决定性因素的特点,提出了包含水量、流量和历时要求的维持河道稳定需水量的概念,以典型断面哈尔滨站为例,给出了维持松花江干流河道稳定的需水量为173×108m3,占全年总水量的40%;维持松花江干流河道稳定的平滩流量过程的重现期为1.3a,频率为9.6%。说明松花江干流水量充沛,平滩洪水重现和持续历时符合造床条件,基本能够满足维持河道稳定的需求。 | 史红玲 胡春宏 王延贵 张燕菁 | 2007 | 水利学报2007，38，4： | 5 |
| 2 | A general multi-objective programming model for minimum ecological flow or water level of inland water bodies显示文摘Assessment of ecological flow or water level for water bodies is important for the protection of degraded or degrading ecosystems caused by water shortage in arid regions, and it has become a key issue in water resources planning. In the past several decades, many methods have been proposed to assess ecological flow for rivers and ecological water level for lakes or wetlands. To balance water uses by human and ecosystems, we proposed a general multi-objective programming model to determine minimum ecological flow or water level for inland water bodies, where two objectives are water index for human and habitat index for ecosystems, respectively. Using the weighted sum method for multi-objective optimization, minimum ecological flow or water level can be determined from the breakpoint in the water index–habitat index curve, which is similar to the slope method to determine minimum ecological flow from wetted perimeter–discharge curve. However, the general multi-objective programming model is superior to the slope method in its physical meaning and calculation method. This model provides a general analysis method for ecological water uses of different inland water bodies, and can be used to define minimum ecological flow or water level by choosing appropriate water and habitat indices. Several commonly used flow or water level assessment methods were found to be special cases of the general model, including the wetted perimeter method and the multi-objective physical habitat simulation method for ecological river flow, the inundated forest width method for regeneration flow of floodplain forest and the lake surface area method for ecological lake level. These methods were applied to determine minimum ecological flow or water level for two representative rivers and a lake in northern Xinjiang of China, including minimum ecological flow for the Ertix River, minimum regeneration flow for floodplain forest along the midstream of Kaxgar River, and minimum ecological lake level for the Ebinur Lake. The results illustrated the versatility of the general model, and can provide references for water resources planning and ecosystem protection for these rivers and lake. | Song Hao SHANG | 2015 | Journal of Arid Land2015，7，2： | 1 |
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