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| 1 | 沙尘气溶胶对塔里木盆地降水的可能影响显示文摘通过分析塔里木盆地沙漠的风积地貌,结合近40年气象站的风况观测资料,探讨了沙尘暴形成的大气环流特征.研究结果表明,从天气学理论上来看,降水和沙尘暴天气相伴而生.在年际时间尺度以上,沙尘暴发生日数与降水存在显著的负反馈机制.然而降水抑制沙尘暴发生的理论无法解释在月际尺度内降水与沙尘暴呈正相关的事实.通过分析云量、沙尘凝结核以及卫星计算的云滴有效半径表明,由于沙尘气溶胶可以长时间悬浮在大气中并作为凝结核,使云中的水汽分布到更多的粉尘颗粒中,导致空中云滴有效半径剧减而无法达到形成降水的阈值,从而抑制降水的产生.这从理论上可以很好地解释上述矛盾,为解释降水和沙尘的互反馈机制提供了新的理论. | 韩永翔 陈勇航 方小敏 赵天良 | 2008 | 中国环境科学2008,28,2: | 14 |
| 2 | Geochemical character and material source of sediments in the eastern Philippine Sea显示文摘Based upon analyses of grain-size, rare earth element (REE) compositions, elemental occurrence phases of REE, and U-series isotopic dating, the sediment characteristics and material sources of the study area were examined for the recently formed deep-sea clays in the eastern Philippine Sea. The analytical results are summarized as follows. (1) Low accumulation rate, poor sorting and roundness, and high contents of grains coarser than fine silt indicate relatively low sediment input, with localized material source without long distance transport. (2) The REE Contents are relatively high. Shale-normalized patterns of REE indicate weak enrichment in heavy REE (HREE), Ce-passive anomaly, and Eu-positive anomaly. (3) Elemental occurrence phases of REE between the sediments with and without crust are similar. REE mainly concentrate in residual phase and then in ferromanganese oxide phase. The light REE (LREE) enrichment, Ce-positive anomaly, and Eu-positive anomaly occur in re- sidual phase. Ferromanganese oxide phase shows the characteristics of relatively high HREE content and Ce-passive anomaly. (4) There are differences in each above mentioned aspect between the sedi- ments with and without ferromanganese crust. (5) Synthesizing the above characteristics and source discriminant analysis, the study sediments are deduced to mainly result from the alteration of local and nearby volcanic materials. Continental materials transported by wind and/or river (ocean) flows also have minor contributions. | XU ZhaoKai LI AnChun JlANG FuQing XU FangJian | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008,53,6: | 14 |
| 3 | Long range trans-Pacific transport and deposition of Asian dust aerosols显示文摘在他们的横渡太平洋期间,运输可能引起重要海洋的浮游植物生物资源的亚洲灰尘喷雾器的免职增加。然而,横渡太平洋灰尘运输,免职,和空间分发的知识由于在亚洲次洲,北方太平洋,和北美洲的连续、同时的观察的缺乏仍然是差的。灰尘在 2001 年 4 月 6 日期间袭击的严格的亚洲人提供了一个机会获得横渡太平洋灰尘运输和免职的更好的理解,用从卫星的观察的一个全面集合,基于地面的轻察觉并且变化,飞机,和表面观察网络。观察和模型模拟构画出灰尘运输,免职,垂直侧面,和空间分发的一般模式。下列点被遵守:(1 ) 表面灰尘集中沿着运输小径从 80 ° E 与增加的灰尘运输距离指数地减少了到 120 ° W;(2 ) 灰尘集中山峰的高度与在北方太平洋区域增加运输距离增加了;并且(3 ) 灰尘免职的空间分发主要取决于横渡太平洋运输线路。 | HAN Yongxiang FANG Xiaomin ZHAO Tianliang KANG Shichang | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008,20,4: | 14 |
| 4 | 基于冰芯记录与遥感数据的近期青藏高原粉尘变化研究显示文摘冰芯中的微粒记录是恢复过去大气粉尘变化的独特信息,选取青藏高原的西部(慕士塔格)、中部(唐古拉)、南部(珠穆朗玛峰、达索普和宁金岗桑)为研究地点,结合遥感数据(气溶胶指数)和冰芯记录(粉尘质量浓度与沉积通量)探讨过去几十年来青藏高原大气粉尘在时间上和空间上的变化.结果表明:青藏高原上气溶胶指数从北向南、从西向东减少,靠近塔克拉玛干沙漠的地区气溶胶指数数值最大,藏南地区最低,与西风环流在高原的传输路径和源区的地理分布一致.冰芯中粉尘质量浓度表现为:高原中部>高原西部>高原南部,而沉积通量表现为高原西部>高原中部>高原南部,与气溶胶指数相一致.通过冰芯中的粉尘沉积通量记录与气溶胶指数的相关分析,发现在年尺度上仅有唐古拉地区表现出较好的相关性,而在其他地区无明显相关关系.经过3点滑动平均后,高原各地的这种相关性均有所提高:慕士塔格地区相关系数为0.49(P=0.13);唐古拉地区的相关系数为0.87(P<0.001);宁金岗桑地区的相关系数为0.68(P=0.03).这种相关性为通过冰芯记录来反演更长时间尺度的青藏高原上气溶胶指数提供了基础. | 宫晓倩 邬光剑 张成龙 张学磊 徐田利 | 2012 | 冰川冻土2012,34,2: | 9 |
| 5 | 尘卷风对沙尘气溶胶的贡献及其与太阳辐射的关系显示文摘利用塔克拉玛干沙漠及周边地区观测资料,依据尘卷风热力学理论和方法,估算出在塔克拉玛干沙漠地区尘卷风对沙尘气溶胶贡献的年平均量为4.0×106t,年最大量为5.0×106t,与该地区沙尘暴的沙尘气溶胶年均贡献量相当.依赖于太阳辐射强度季节变化,尘卷风的起沙量具有与地面温度同步的季节变化规律. | 段佳鹏 韩永翔 赵天良 宋昊冬 | 2013 | 中国环境科学2013,33,1: | 9 |
| 6 | 半干旱区沙尘天气对0.010~10μm沙尘气溶胶分布的影响显示文摘利用WPS粒子谱仪对内蒙古朱日和背景天气及沙尘天气的气溶胶数浓度进行了观测,研究了不同天气背景下沙尘气溶胶数浓度及谱分布特征.结果表明:在背景天气和沙尘天气下,0.010-0.020,0.021-0.100,0.101-1.000,1.001-2.500μm等粒径段的气溶胶数浓度差别较大;沙尘天气对各粒径段,尤其是大于1.0μm的气溶胶数浓度影响较大,沙尘暴过程中1.001-2.500μm粒径段的气溶胶数浓度约为背景天气的35倍;各粒径段气溶胶数浓度在不同天气背景下的日变化规律有所不同,受气象要素的影响较大.对沙尘气溶胶谱分布的分析可知,沙尘暴发生前后1 h的沙尘气溶胶谱型均符合Lorentz分布,背景天气下同时段的沙尘气溶胶谱型也符合Lorentz分布;沙尘天气下沙尘气溶胶谱型在沙尘暴发生前1 h的主峰值比背景天气高1个数量级,沙尘暴发生后1 h的峰值半径明显移向大粒子. | 邱玉珺 牛生杰 岳平 王巍巍 王静 | 2009 | 环境科学研究2009,22,11: | 3 |
| 7 | Thermodynamic Effects on Particle Movement:Wind Tunnel Simulation Results显示文摘Sand/dust storms are some of the main hazards in arid and semi-arid zones. These storms also influence global environmental changes. By field observations, empirical statistics, and numerical simulations, pioneer researchers on these natural events have concluded the existence of a positive relationship between thermodynamic effects and sand/dust storms. Thermodynamic effects induce an unsteady stratified atmosphere to influence the process of these storms. However, studies on the relationship of thermodynamic effects with particles (i.e., sand and dust) are limited. In this article, wind tunnel with heating was used to simulate the quantitative relationship between thermodynamic effects and particle movement on different surfaces. Compared with the cold state, the threshold wind velocity of particles is found to be significantly decrease under the hot state. The largest decrease percentage exceedes 9% on fine and coarse sand surfaces. The wind velocity also has a three-power function in the sand transport rate under the hot state with increased sand transport. Thermodynamic effects are stronger on loose surfaces and fine particles, but weaker on compacted surfaces and coarse particles. | NIU Qinghe QU Jianjun ZHANG Kecun LIU Xianwan | 2012 | Chinese Geographical Science2012,22,2: | 2 |
| 8 | 海洋与气候学视域下中北太平洋过渡区研究现状、启示与对策显示文摘中北太平洋过渡区是高低纬海洋西边界强化动力系统的接续区和交汇区,是大尺度和中小尺度海洋过程的突出集中区,是研究海洋和海气系统多尺度过程与海洋气候和环境生态效应的关键区。文章从海洋学和气候学角度简述中北太平洋过渡区相关海域有关科学研究成果,并就相关科学问题研究现状和不足提出启发性研究对策和建议。结果表明,中北太平洋过渡区对认识全球变暖背景下海洋与气候变化的临界条件、临界状态、跨界触发、通道机制等研究具有重要参考价值,建议通过国际合作主导引领相关地区海洋自主或联合调查,系统构建气候变化观测体系,发展多尺度过程互馈机制和可预测性研究,创建仿生仿真多功能耦合模型,突破致害致灾风险预评估与区划技术关键,为深化海洋与气候变化认识,防灾减灾研究,海洋区域治理和海洋环境与生态安全保障提供坚实的科技支撑。 | 齐庆华 靖春生 | 2023 | 海洋开发与管理2023,40,5: | 0 |