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| 1 | 高水头水电站“三洞合一”布置的体型优化试验显示文摘针对某水电站坝址河道狭窄现状,采用放空洞、旋流竖井泄洪洞与导流洞'三洞合一'技术优化枢纽布置。通过模型试验,分析旋流竖井泄洪洞泄流能力及相关水力特性,评价了结构尺寸设计的合理性。提出在放空洞连接段采用曲线型阶梯消能工的措施,通过试验得到了优化体型。研究表明,采用曲线型阶梯消能工后,连接段流态平稳,水流掺气充分,并且消能效果显著,在单宽流量为54.3 m3/(s.m)时阶梯段的消能率达到了43%。在洞内连接段布置阶梯消能工可有效改善枢纽布置。 | 李贵吉 张建民 许唯临 王承恩 周鸿汉 | 2009 | 水利水电科技进展2009，29，5： | 9 |
| 2 | Two-phase air-water flows: Scale effects in physical modeling显示文摘Physical modeling represents probably the oldest design tool in hydraulic engineering together with analytical approaches. In free surface flows, the similitude based upon a Froude similarity allows for a correct representation of the dominant forces, namely gravity and inertia. As a result fluid flow properties such as the capillary forces and the viscous forces might be incorrectly reproduced, affecting the air entrainment and transport capacity of a high-speed model flow. Small physical models operating under a Froude similitude systematically underestimate the air entrainment rate and air-water interfacial properties. To limit scale effects, minimal values of Reynolds or Weber number have to be respected. The present article summarizes the physical background of such limitations and their combination in terms of the Morton number. Based upon a literature review, the existing limits are presented and discussed, resulting in a series of more conservative recommendations in terms of air concentration scaling. For other air-water flow parameters, the selection of the criteria to assess scale effects is critical because some parameters(e.g., bubble sizes, turbulent scales) can be affected by scale effects, even in relatively large laboratory models. | PFISTER Michael CHANSON Hubert | 2014 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2014，26，2： | 7 |
| 3 | 明渠水流速度对自掺气发展影响的试验研究显示文摘采用针式掺气浓度仪对有压出口后明渠水流表面自掺气的发展过程进行了详细测量,研究了不同出口流速条件下掺气发展区的掺气浓度分布及其沿程发展变化情况,分析了流速对自掺气发展的影响。试验结果表明:随着出口流速的增大,相同断面处水流平均掺气浓度不断增加,掺气区向渠道底板扩展更加充分;在断面平均掺气浓度相同的条件下,水流速度越大,水体紊动程度越高,气泡向渠道底板方向扩散越明显。结合紊动扩散理论分析,认为流速对明渠自掺气扩散的影响包括提高水流掺气浓度和增大水体紊动扩散系数两个方面。 | 卫望汝 邓军 | 2014 | 中国科技论文2014，9，11： | 2 |
| 4 | Energy dissipation on stepped spillways and hydraulic challenges—Prototype and laboratory experiences显示文摘Stepped cascades, chutes and spillways have been in use for more than three millennia. With the introduction of new construction materials and techniques, the staircase chute design has regained some interest within the last forty years. The stepped invert increases significantly the energy dissipation occurring above the steep chute and reduces the size of the required downstream stilling structure. The application of stepped chutes further encompasses in-stream re-aeration and water treatment plant cascades, to enhance the air-water transfer of atmospheric gases and of volatile organic components. However, the engineering design of stepped spillways is not simple because of the hydrodynamic challenges, with several markedly different flow regimes, some complicated two-phase air-water fluid dynamics and massive rate of energy dissipation above the stepped chute. Simply, the technical challenges in the hydraulic design of stepped spillways are massive. This review paper examines the hydraulic characteristics of stepped chute flows and develops a reflection on nearly three decades of active hydraulic research, including recent field measurements during major flood events. The author aims to share his passion for the complicated hydraulic engineering, as well as some advice for engineering professionals and researchers. | Hubert Chanson | 2022 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2022，34，1： | 1 |
| 5 | 明流脉动压强特性对自掺气发展影响试验研究显示文摘通过系列模型试验,采用脉动压强仪和针式掺气浓度仪,在不同初始流速与水深条件下详细测量了陡槽自掺气水流沿程各断面掺气浓度与脉动压强,重点分析了脉动压强与掺气浓度分布之间的相关关系,以及断面平均脉动强度对掺气区气泡扩散的影响。试验结果表明:随着明渠水流自掺气沿程不断发展,同一个断面上的脉动压强从断面底部至自由面呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,其中最大值位于断面掺气扩散区;断面平均脉动强度呈现沿程逐渐增大的变化趋势;在不同来流流速、水深及雷诺数条件下,自掺气水流断面平均脉动强度与断面掺气扩散区域之间呈现良好的相关关系。 | 唐毓朔 邓军 卫望汝 龚静 | 2019 | 人民黄河2019，41，6： | 0 |
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