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| 1 | 桔梗粗提物及桔梗皂苷D体外杀精子活性机制研究显示文摘目的 探讨中草药桔梗粗提物及桔梗皂苷D体外杀精活性机制.方法 2006年2月至2009年12月,38名身体健康且已生育的成年男性入选为供精者.制备桔梗粗提物及纯化桔梗皂苷D.分组为桔梗粗提物组、桔梗皂苷D组、壬苯醇醚-9(N-9)组(标准参照物)及生理盐水组(对照组),每组均38份标本.各组添加剂与精液1∶1混合后分别进行体外杀精子试验(Sander-Cramer法)、精子低渗肿胀试验结合改良的伊红-吉姆萨染色(HOS-EG)试验、精子染色质扩散试验(SCD)及精子复活试验.HOS-EG试验判断精子膜完整性,A型精子为头膜-尾膜均完整[HOS(+)-EG(-)],B型为头膜完整-尾膜损伤[HOS(-)-EG(-)],C型为头膜损伤-尾膜完整[HOS(+)-EG(+)],D型为头膜-尾膜均损伤[HOS(-)-EG(+)].结果 桔梗粗提物浓度在50.0、20.0 g/L时体外20 s内即可完全杀灭精子,桔梗皂苷D浓度在2.0、1.0 g/L时20 s内体外完全杀灭精子.对照组A、B、C和D型精子平均百分比分别为(69.0±8.3)%、(3.4±0.5)%、(10.2±1.7)%和(17.4±2.1)%;桔梗皂苷D组及N-9组精子膜完整性全部被破坏,A型和B型精子为0,桔梗皂苷D组C型精子[(65.3±3.8)%]和D型精子[(34.7±7.1)%]均明显高于对照组(P<0.01).SCD试验,对照组、桔梗皂苷D组及N-9组精子DNA碎片比例各组间比较差异无统计学意义.精子复活试验显示药物组均无活动精子恢复.结论 桔梗粗提物及桔梗皂苷D在体外通过破坏精子膜(主要破坏精子头膜)使精子快速失活. | 邱毅 王磊光 贾颐舫 杨丹彤 张爱东 张艳萍 张丽红 | 2010 | 中华医学杂志2010，90，44： | 6 |
| 2 | Sperm immobilization activity of Allium sativum L. and other plant extracts显示文摘Aim: To identify possible spermicidal agents through screening a number of edible medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity. Methods: Initial screening was made on the basis of ram cauda epididymal sperm immobiliza-tion immediately after addition of extracts. The most potent extract was selected and was evaluated on both ram and human spermatozoa. To unravel its mode of action several sperm functional tests were carried out, namely viability of cells, hypo-osmotic swelling test for membrane integrity and assays of membrane-bound enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and acrosomal marker enzyme acrosin. Results: The crude aqueous extract of the bulb ofAllium sativum L. Showed the most promising results by instant immobilization of the ram epididymal sperm at 0.25 g/mL and human ejaculated sperm at 0.5 g/mL. Sperm immobilizing effects were irreversible and the factor of the extract responsible for immobilization was thermostable up to 90℃. On boiling at 100℃ for 10 minutes, this activity was markedly reduced. Moreover, this extract was able to cause aggregation of ram sperms into small clusters after 30 minutes of incubation at 37℃. However this property was not found in human spermatozoa. More than 50 % reduction in sperm viability and hypo-osmotic swelling occurred in treated sperm as compared with the controls, indicating the possibility of plasma membrane disintegration which was further supported by the significant reduction in the activity of membrane bound 5''-nucleotidase and acrosomal acrosin. Conclusion: The crude aqueous extract of A. Sativum bulb possesses spermicidal activity in vitro. (Asian J Androl 2003 Jun, 5:131-135 ) | Kausiki Chakrabarti Sulagna Pal Asok K.Bhattacharyya | 2003 | Asian Journal of Andrology2003，5，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Effects of the crude extract of Polygala tenuifolia Willd on human sperm in vitro显示文摘The aim of the present study is to analyze sperm membrane changes and the spermicidal effect in treatment with the crude extract from Polygala tenuifolia Willd (PTW) in vitro.The root of PTW was extracted in distilled water.Normal human spermatozoa were used to assess the spermicidal activity (Sander-Cramer assay) of the extract from the PTW root.The hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test and the eosin Y (EY) staining were used to detect the integrity of sperm membrane and vitality.The sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test was performed to determine sperm DNA integrity.N-9 was used as a reference standard and semen added to physiological saline was used as the control.Semen samples were donated by 42 healthy fertile men.The crude extract from the root of PTW could immobilize and kill 100% spermatozoa within 20 s in vitro at the concentrations of 20.0 and 10.0 mg/ml;at the concentration of 5.0 mg/ml,spermatozoa were immobilized in (39.5±3.2) s.In the groups of the crude extract from the root of PTW and N-9 solution,the rate of the normal HOS (tails swollen) and the white head (unstained) was 0%,and the rate of the abnormal HOS (tails unswollen) and red head (stained) was 100%.Sperm DNA fragmentation showed no change in exposure to the crude extract from the root of PTW and N-9 solution.The sperm revival test did not show any spermatozoa that recovered their motilities.The rapid spermicidal activity of the crude extract from the root of PTW in vitro may occur by the disruption of the sperm membrane integrity. | Yi QIU Lei-guang WANG Yi-fang JIA Dan-tong YANG Mei-hua ZHANG Yan-ping ZHANG Li-hong ZHANG Ling GAI | 2011 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2011，12，6： | 4 |
| 4 | 中药远志提取物体外杀精子效果与机制研究显示文摘目的:通过精子低渗肿胀(HOS)实验结合改良伊红染色法观察中草药远志粗提物体外杀精活性及机制。方法:HOS实验结合伊红-姬姆萨(EG)染色(HOS-EG)判断精子膜完整性,将精子分为A(HOS+-EG-)、B(HOS-EG-)、C(HOS+-EG+)、D(HOS-EG+)4型。精子染色质扩散实验(SCD)检测精子DNA碎片。制备远志粗提物,并判断其体外杀精子活性。壬苯醇醚-9(N-9)作为标准参照物,生理盐水为对照组。结果:远志粗提物浓度为50.0mg/ml和20.0mg/ml时体外20s内即可完全杀灭精子(与精液1:1混合)。对照组、远志粗提物组及N-9组精子DNA碎片比例各组比较无差异。对照组A、B、C和D型精子百分比分别为(69.0±8.3)%、(3.4±0.5)%、(10.2±1.7)%和(17.4±2.1)%。远志粗提物组及N-9组精子膜完整性全部被破坏,无A型和B型精子,C型精子较对照组明显减少,D型精子比对照组明显增加(P<0.001)。精子复活实验显示远志粗提物组和N-9组均无活动精子恢复。结论:HOS-EG实验可以同时判断一条精子头膜或尾膜损伤。远志粗提物在体外通过破坏精子膜使精子快速失活。 | 邱毅 王磊光 贾颐舫 张爱东 杨丹彤 张美华 | 2010 | 中国计划生育学杂志2010，18，11： | 4 |
| 5 | Spermicidal Effects of Methanolic Extract of Cestrum parqui Leaves on Human Spermatozoa:A View through DNA Breakage and Disruption of Membrane Ultrastructure显示文摘Objective To focus on the possible mechanism about the spermicidal effect of methanolic extract of leaves of Cestrum parqui (Solanacea) on human spermatozoa. Methods Sperm motility and viability were noted according to the guideline of WHO. The morphological changes in chromatin materials and in plasma membrane at the head part of the spermatozoa were assessed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of spermatozoa in percentage was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) using kits. For confirmation of DNA breakage, gel electrophoresis of DNA was conducted using 1.2 % agarose gel. Results Sperm viability and motility were both decreased in dose-dependent manner from 50 to 300 mg/ml of methanolic extract in respect to the control. Loss of viability and motility both were noted 100% at the dose of 300 mg/ml within 5 min. From the microphotography it has been revealed that chromatin condensation at the dose of 200 mg/ml is more than the control without any noticeable alteration in plasma membrane. In contrast, chromatin decondensation has been noticed at the dose of 300 mg/ml along with a remarkable disruption in plasma membrane. Analysis of DNA damage by TUNEL revealed a significant elevation (P<0.01) in the level of % DFI at the dose of 200 mg/ml (moderate dose) after 17 h in respect to the control. But at the dose of 300 mg/ml, no significant variation was observed in this parameter upto 24 h of exposure though a significant variation (P<0.01) was noted after 48 h of exposure compared with the control. Gel electrophoresis of DNA also followed the same type of results i.e. 200 mg/ml affected DNA integrity but other doses were ineffective in this concern. Conclusion The extract of Cestrum parqui at moderate dose exhibited spermicidal activity by inducing apoptotic pathway but at the high dose it caused necrosis. | Hanéne Chenni Debidas Ghosh Kazi Monjur Ali Kausik Chatterjee Mohamed Mounir Trabelsi | 2011 | Journal of Reproduction and Contraception2011，22，4： | 1 |
| 6 | n-Butanol Extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour: A Potent Spermicidal Agent In Vitro显示文摘Rhynchosia volubilis Lour has been a major drug in a folk prescription for contraception in China, whereas its mechanism remains unknown. Its antifertility effects on male mice and antimicrobial activities on sexually transmitted infection(STI) pathogens were previously reported. This study was undertaken to develop the n-Butanol extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour(BERVL) as a spermicidal agent with STI prevention. The spermicidal activities of BERVL with different doses were assessed using selected high-motile sperms of normal human semen samples, and their inhibitory effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus were determined. The mechanism of the spermicidal activity was explored by aqueous Eosin Y and Hoechst 33342/PI staining. The results showed spermicidal activities and inhibitory effects of BERVL on Lactobacillus acidophilus were dose-dependent. Dose of 90 mg/mL BERVL terminated all progressive sperm motility within 2 min, and had slight inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus, suggesting it was an effective and safe dose for contraception use. About 80% sperms exposed to BERVL displayed changes consistent with high permeability of head membrane. It is concluded that BERVL as spermicide has advantages over N-9 with strong ability to instantaneously kill human sperm and possesses light inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus. | 官黄涛 方芳 熊哲 孟天庆 黄世兴 | 2014 | Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)2014，34，3： | 0 |
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