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| 1 | Comparison of pediatric and adult antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections显示文摘Antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD) and Clostridum difficile infections(CDI) have been well studied for adult cases, but not as well in the pediatric population. Whether the disease process or response to treatments differs between pediatric and adult patients is an important clinical concern when following global guidelines based largely on adult patients. A systematic review of the literature using databases Pub Med(June 3, 1978-2015) was conducted to compare AAD and CDI in pediatric and adult populations and determine significant differences and similarities that might impact clinical decisions. In general, pediatric AAD and CDI have a more rapid onset of symptoms, a shorter duration of disease and fewer CDI complications(required surgeries and extended hospitalizations) than in adults. Children experience more community-associated CDI and are associated with smaller outbreaks than adult cases of CDI. The ribotype NAP1/027/BI is more common in adults than children. Children and adults share some similar risk factors, but adults have more complex risk factor profiles associated with more co-morbidities, types of disruptive factors and a wider range of exposures to C. difficile in the healthcare environment. The treatment of pediatric and adult AAD is similar(discontinuing or switching the inciting antibiotic), but other treatment strategies for AAD have not been established. Pediatric CDI responds better to metronidazole, while adult CDI responds better to vancomycin. Recurrent CDI is not commonly reported for children. Prevention for both pediatric and adult AAD and CDI relies upon integrated infection control programs, antibiotic stewardship and may include the use of adjunctive probiotics. Clinical presentation of pediatric AAD and CDI are different than adult AAD and CDI symptoms. These differences should be taken into account when rating severity of disease and prescribing antibiotics. | Lynne Vernice Mc Farland Metehan Ozen Ener Cagri Dinleyici Shan Goh | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，11： | 39 |
| 2 | 5种手卫生方法对艰难梭菌清除效果比较显示文摘目的比较5种手卫生方法对医务人员手上艰难梭菌的去除效果。方法采用棉拭涂抹采样和细菌定量检测方法,对5种不同手卫生方法清除人工污染在医务人员手上艰难梭菌的效果进行比较观察。结果分别用普通肥皂液、抗菌肥皂液、流动水、含醇快速手消毒液六步洗手操作法和季铵盐消毒湿巾擦拭法进行手卫生处理,对人工污染在医务人员手上的艰难梭菌清除对数值依次为2.73、2.64、1.01、0.25和2.13。结论 5种手卫生方法中,以两种皂液洗手法对手上艰难梭菌清除效果最好,消毒湿巾法次之。 | 郭凤玲 温世宝 胡旻 张小倩 | 2015 | 中国消毒学杂志2015，32，7： | 7 |
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