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| 1 | Effects of Zinc Deficiency and Drought on Plant Growth and Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species in Maize (Zea mays L.)显示文摘The combinative effects of applied zinc (Zn) and soil moisture on the plant growth, Zn uptake, and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in maize (Zea mays L.) plants were examined through two pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. Maize variety Zhongdan 9409 was used. In experiment 1, maize plants were grown in cumulic cinnamon soil with five Zn treatments (0, 3.0, 9.0, 27.0, and 81.0 mg Zn kg-1 soil). Three treatments of soil moisture including serious drought, mild drought, and adequate water supply were set at 30-35%, 40-45%, and 70-75% (w/w) of soil saturated water content, respectively. Soil saturated water content was 36% (w/w). The dry matter weights of shoots were enhanced by Zn application and adequate water supply. There was no apparent difference in plant growth among Zn application rates from 3.0 to 81.0 mg Zn kg-1 soil. The increases of plant growth and Zn uptake due to Zn application were found more significant under well-watered condition than under drying condition. In experiment 2, two levels of Zn (0 and 5.0 mg Zn kg-1 soil) and soil moisture regimen (40-45% and 70-75% of soil saturated water content, respectively) were set. Zn deficiency or water stress resulted in higher concentrations of O2-· and malondiadehyde in the first fully expanded leaves. Zn deficiency lowered the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) in leaves. Drought stress increased SOD activity in leaves regardless of Zn supply. The activity of guaiacol peroxidase (POD, EC1.11.1.11) was found to be enhanced by Zn supply only in well-watered leaves. Zinc deficiency or water stress had little effect on the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6). The higher ROS level in early maize leaves due to water stress seemed not to be alleviated or lowered partially by Zn application. However, Zn fertilizer was recommended to apply to maize plants irrigated or supplied with adequate water, otherwise Zn deficiency would reduce the water use for plant biomass production. | WANG Hong JIN Ji-yun | 2007 | Agricultural Sciences in China2007，6，8： | 6 |
| 2 | 咸水灌溉影响耕地质量和作物生产的研究进展显示文摘水资源是基础性自然资源和重要的战略资源。盐碱地多分布于干旱半干旱地区,淡水资源短缺是盐碱区农业可持续发展的主要限制因素。同时盐碱区较为丰富的咸水微咸水资源、土地资源和光热资源等为盐碱区农业可持续发展提供了可能。本文针对咸水灌溉影响耕地质量、作物生长、产量和品质等问题,综述了基于水质的咸水分类、咸水灌溉制度与灌溉方式和地下水埋深等影响咸水在农业生产中安全利用的因素,阐述了不同矿化度咸水灌溉,土壤水力特性、理化性质、温室气体排放等土壤质量变化情况和对作物生长发育、产量和品质的影响,明确了有机物料、咸水灌溉制度、覆盖和耕作等农艺措施、水肥盐多因素调控和耐盐作物适盐种植等农业措施的作用。咸水灌溉下土壤质量呈下降趋势,有机物料的施用、秸秆还田和合理的耕作等调控措施通过影响土壤质量保证咸水的安全利用。与旱作相比,咸水灌溉可以起到明显的增产作用,在合理的咸水范围内还能提升品质。在新形势下,未来将面向国家粮食安全重大需求,以协同提升土壤质量、作物产量和品质为多目标,系统开展咸水非充分灌溉、水肥盐综合调控、咸水灌溉对土壤质量和作物咸水精准灌溉机理过程研究、技术研发和模式示范工作,为缺水盐渍区农业可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。 | 孙宏勇 张雪佳 田柳 娄泊远 刘彤 王金涛 董心亮 郭凯 刘小京 | 2023 | 中国生态农业学报(中英文)2023，31，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Relationship between Water and Vegetation in the Ejina Delta显示文摘Water is the foundation of an arid ecological system, as the quantity and quality of surface water and groundwater determine its structure and function. The study on the relationship between water and ecosystem is the basis of ecosystem protection. Taking the Ejina delta, an extremely arid area located downstream of the Heihe River in northwestern China, as an example, this article gives an overviewe of the study in three aspects: (1) the groundwater table and salinity dynamics and their driving factors, (2) the groundwater depth and salt threshold of natural vegetation ecosystem, and (3) the impact evaluation of ecological flow control on Ejina natural vegetation. The authors point out the importance of the research into the relation between water and ecosystem and its key difficulties and weakness, and put forward strategies for promoting the study processes. | YU Jingjie WANG Ping | 2012 | Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences2012，26，1： | 1 |
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