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| 1 | Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector,Anopheles stephensi Liston(Insecta:Diptera:Culicidae)显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal and pupicidal potential of the methanolic extracts from Moringa oleifera(M.oleifera) plant seeds against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(A.stephensi) mosquitoes at different concentrations(20,40,60,80 and 100 ppm).Methods:M.oleifera was collected from the area of around Bharathiar University,Coimbatore.The dried plant materials were powdered by an electrical blender.From each sample,100 g of the plant material were extracted with 300 mL of methanol for 8 h in a Soxhlet apparatus.The extracts were evaporated to dryness in rotary vacuum evaporator to yield 122 mg and 110 mg of dark greenish material(residue) from Arcang amara and Ocimum basilicum,respectively.One gram of the each plant residue was dissolved separately in 100 mL of acetone(stock solution) from which different concentrations, i.e.,20,40,60,80 and 100 ppm were prepared.Results:Larvicidal activity of M.oleifera exhibited in the first to fourth instar larvae of the A.stephensi,and the LC_(50) and LC_(90) values were 57.79 ppm and 125.93 ppm for the first instar,63.90 ppm and 133.07 ppm for the second inslar,72.45 ppm and 139.82 ppm for the third instar,78.93 ppm and 143.20 ppm for the fourth instar,respectively. During the pupal stage the methanolic extract of M.oleifera showed that the LC_(50),and LC_(90) values were 67.77 ppm and 141.00 ppm,respectively.Conclusions:The present study indicates that the phytochemicals derived from M.oleifera seeds extracts are effective mosquito vector control agents and the plant extracts may be used for further integrated pest management programs. | Prabhu K Murugan K Nareshkumar A Ramasubramanian N Bragadeeswaran S | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2011，1，2： | 19 |
| 2 | Mosquito larvicidal and ovicidal properties of Eclipta alba(L.) Hassk(Asteraceae) against chikungunya vector,Aedes aegypti(Linn.)(Diptera:Culicidae)显示文摘Objective:The present study deals with the investigation of larvicidal and ovicidal activities of benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform leaf extract of Eclipta alba(E.alba) against dengue vector,Aedes aegypti(Ae.Aegypti).Methods:Twenty five earlyⅢinstar larvae of Ae.aegypti was exposed to various concentrations(50-300 ppm) and was assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005;the 24 h LC50 values of the E.alba leaf extract was determined by Probit analysis.For ovicidal activity,slightly modified method of Su and Mulla was performed.The ovicidal activity was determined against Ae.aegypti to various concentrations ranging from 100-350 ppm under the laboratory conditions.The egg hatch rates were assessed 48 h post treatment.Results:The LC50 values of benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform extract of E.alba against early third instar larvae of Ae.aegypti were 151.38,165.10, 154.88,127.64 and 146.28 ppm,respectively.Maximum larvicidal activity was observed in the methanol extract followed by chloroform,benzene,ethyl acetate and hexane extract.No mortality was observed in control.Among five solvent tested the methanol extract was found to be most effective for ovicidal activity against Ae.aegypti.The methanol extracts exerted 100%mortality (zero hatchability) at 300 ppm.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of E.alba was an excellent potential for controlling Ae.aegypti mosquito. | M Govindarajan P Karuppannan | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，1： | 10 |
| 3 | Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi(Diptera:Culicidae)显示文摘Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and repellent properties of essential oils from various parts of four plant species Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale against Culex tritaeniorhynchus(Cx.tritaeniorhynchus) and Anopheles subpictus(An.subpktus).Methods:Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation method.The mosquitoes were reared in the vector control laboratory and twenty five late third ins tar larvae of Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpictus were exposed to based on the wide range and narrow range test,essential oil tested at various concentrations ranging from 25 to 250 ppm.The larval mortality was observed after 24 h under the laboratory conditions.The repellent efficacy was determined against two mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm2 under laboratory conditions.Results:Results showed all the four plant essential oil produced significant larval mortality against two mosquito species.However,the highest larvicidal activity was observed in the essential oil from Zingiber of ficinale against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus with the LC50 and LC90 values as 98.83,57.98 ppm and 186.55, 104.23 ppm,respectively.All the four essential oil shows significant repellency against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus than An.subpktus.Among four essential oil tested the highest repellency was observed in Zingiber of ficinale,a higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm2 provided 100%protection up to 150 and 180 min against Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus,respectively.Conclusions: In this work,it can be concluded that four essential oils which were distilled from Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale showed promising larvicidal and repellent agent against Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus. | Marimuthu Govindarajan | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，2： | 5 |
| 4 | In vitro larvicidal potential against Anopheles stephensi and antioxidative enzyme activities of Ginkgo biloba,Stevia rebaudiana and Parthenium hysterophorous显示文摘Objective:To investigate in vitro larvicidal and antioxidant enzymes potential of the medicinal plants Ginkgo biloba(G.biloba),Stevia rebaudiana(S.rebaudiana) and Parthenium hysterophorous(P.hysterophorous) against Anopheles stephensi(An.stephensi) 4th instars larvae. Methods:For evaluation of larvicidal potential,the ethanolic,methanolic and dichloromethane leaves extracts of three different plants were used in dose-dependent experiments in two media, while the antioxidant enzymes activities were investigated using four different methods viz., superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,ascorbate and catalase.Results:An.stephensi has developed resistance to various synthetic insecticides,making its control increasingly difficult.The comparative performance of ethanolic extracts(65%-90%) was found better than the methanolic extract(70%-87%) and dichloromethane extract(60%-70%).Among the three plants extracts tested in two media,S.rebaudiana exhibited higher larvicidal activity with LC50(24 h) in methanolic extract than P.hysterophorous and G.biloba.G.biloba and P.hysterophorous exhibited the strongest antioxidative enzymes activity and S.rebaudiana were less active and no significant difference was observed.Conclusions:These three plants exhibit larvicidal potential and can be further used for vector control alternative to synthetic insecticide due to eco-friendly and diseases control,furthermore these plant species have potent antioxidative enzyme activities, therefore,making them strong natural candidate particularly for diseases which are caused due to free radicals. | Nisar Ahmad Hina Fazal Bilal H Abbasi Mazhar Iqbal | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，3： | 2 |
| 5 | Repellent properties of Cardiospermum,halicacabum Linn.(Family:Sapindaceae)plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes显示文摘Objective:To determine repellent activity of hexane,ethyl acetate,benzene,chloroform and methanol extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum,(C.halicacabum) against Culex quinque/ascialus(Cx.quinquefuscialus),Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypli) and Anopheles slephensi(An.slephensi). Methods:Evaluation was carried out in a net cage(45 cm×30 cm×25 cm) containing 100 blood starved female mosquitoes of three mosquito species and were assayed in the laboratory condition by using the protocol of WHO 2005;The plant leaf crude extracts of C.halicacabum was applied at 1.0,2.5,and 5.0 me/cm^2 separately in the exposed area of the fore arm.Only ethanol served as control.Results:In this observation,the plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person,and also,the repellent activity was dependent on the strength of the plant extracts.The tested plant crude extracts had exerted promising repellent against all the three mosquitoes.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of C.halicacabum was potential for controlling Cx.quinquefasciatus, Ae.aegypli and An.slephensi mosquitoes. | M Govindarajan R Sivakumar | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2012，2，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Larvicidal and repellent activity of tetradecanoic acid against Aedes aegypti(Linn.) and Culex quinquejasciatus(Say.)(Diptera:Culicidae)显示文摘Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and repellent efficacy of tetradecanoic acid against Aedes aegrpti(Ae.aegypti) L,and Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus) Say(Diptera: Culicidae).Methods:Larvicidal efficacy of tetradecanoic acid was tested at various concentrations against the early third instar larvae of Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus. The repellent activity was determined against two mosquito species at three concentrations viz..1.0.2.5 and 5.0 ppm under the laboratory conditions.Results:The tetradecanoic acid was found to be more effective against Cx.quinquefasciatus than Ae.aegypti larvae.The LC50 values were 14.08 ppm and 25.10 ppm,respectively.Tetradecanoic acid showed lesser repellency against Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus.The highest repellency was observed in higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm2 provided 100%protection up to 60 and 90 min against Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus respectively.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the tetradecanoic acid is a potential for controlling Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae.aegypti mosquitoes. | Sivakumar R Jebanesan A Govindarajan M Rajasekar P | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，9： | 1 |
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