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| 1 | WJSC 6^(th) Anniversary Special Issues(2):Mesenchymal stem cells “Ins” and “Outs” of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in regenerative medicine显示文摘Repair and regeneration of bone requires mesenchymal stem cells that by self-renewal,are able to generate a critical mass of cells with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts that can produce bone protein matrix(osteoid)and enable its mineralization.The number of human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs)diminishes with age and ex vivo replication of hMSCs has limited potential.While propagating hMSCs under hypoxic conditions may maintain their ability to self-renew,the strategy of using human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)to allow for hMSCs to prolong their replicative lifespan is an attractive means of ensuring a critical mass of cells with the potential to differentiate into various mesodermal structural tissues including bone.However,this strategy must be tempered by the oncogenic potential of TERT-transformed cells,or their ability to enhance already established cancers,the unknown differentiating potential of high population doubling hMSCs and the source of hMSCs(e.g.,bone marrow,adipose-derived,muscle-derived,umbilical cord blood,etc.)that may provide peculiarities to self-renewal,differentiation,and physiologic function that may differ from non-transformed native cells.Tissue engineering approaches to use hMSCs to repair bone defects utilize the growth of hMSCs on three-dimensional scaffolds that can either be a base on which hMSCs can attach and grow or as a means of sequestering growth factors to assist in the chemoattraction and differentiation of native hMSCs.The use of whole native extracellular matrix(ECM)produced by hMSCs,rather than individual ECM components,appear to be advantageous in not only being utilized as a three-dimensional attachment base but also in appropriate orientation of cells and their differentiation through the growth factors that native ECM harbor or in simulating growth factor motifs.The origin of native ECM,whether from hMSCs from young or old individuals is a critical factor in'rejuvenating'hMSCs from older individuals grown on ECM from younger individuals. | Dean T Yamaguchi | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，2： | 2 |
| 2 | 白色与棕色脂肪组织的特性比较与研究进展显示文摘人体的脂肪组织可分为白色脂肪组织(whiteadiposetissue,WAT)与棕色脂肪组织(brownadiposetissue,BAT)两大类,二者在形态、分布和功能上截然不同。早在15世纪60年代就有关于BAT的报道,1947年研究者通过免疫组化揭示了WAT与BAT生理活动的差异。WAT的主要功能是将体内多余的能量以甘油三酯的形式储存起来;BAT则可以消耗能量产热,调节体温。因此调控体内WAT与BAT的含量与比例可消耗多余的能量,这将不仅有助于减肥,还能为与肥胖相关的疾病如高血压、糖尿病等的治疗提供新的途径。随着细胞与分子毕物学的发展, | 程辰 李华 南华 李青峰 | 2012 | 中华整形外科杂志2012，28，4： | 1 |
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