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| 1 | Gastric carcinogenesis显示文摘Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite complete resection of gastric cancer and lymph node dissection, as well as improvements in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, there are still 700 000 gastric cancer-related deaths per year worldwide and more than 80% of patients with advanced gastric cancer die of the disease or recurrent disease within 1 year after diagnosis. None of the treatment modalities we have been applying today can influence the overall survival rates:at present, the overall 5-year relative survival rate for gastric cancer is about 28%. Cellular metaplasia due to chronic inflammation, injury and repair are the most documented processes for neoplasia. It appears that chronic inflammation stimulates tumor development and plays a critical role in initiating, sustaining and advancing tumor growth. It is also evident that not all inflammation is tumorigenic. Additional mutations can be acquired, and this leads to the cancer cell gaining a further growth advantage and acquiring a more malignant phenotype. Intestinalization of gastric units, which is called 'intestinal metaplasia'; phenotypic antralization of fundic units, which is called 'spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia'; and the development directly from the stem/progenitor cellzone are three pathways that have been described for gastric carcinogenesis. Also, an important factor for the development of gastrointestinal cancers is peritumoral stroma. However, the initiating cellular event in gastric metaplasia is still controversial. Understanding gastric carcinogenesis and its precursor lesions has been under intense investigation, and our paper attempts to highlight recent progress in this field of cancer research. | Ismail Gomceli Baris Demiriz Mesut Tez | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，37： | 25 |
| 2 | Mitochondrial DNA alterations in the progression of gastric carcinomas:Unexplored issues and future research needs显示文摘Gastric cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide.Patients infected with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)are at increased risk of gastric cancer.H.pylori induces genomic instability in both nuclear and mitochondrial(mt)DNA of gastric epithelial cells.Changes in mt DNA represent an early event during gastric tumorigenesis,and thus may serve as potential biomarkers for early detection and prognosis in gastric carcinoma.This review article summarizes the mt DNA mutations that have been reported in gastric carcinomas and their precancerous conditions.Unexplored research topics,such as the role of mt DNA alterations in an alternative pathway of gastric carcinogenesis,are identified and directions for future research are suggested. | Luciana Rigoli Rosario Alberto Caruso | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，43： | 2 |
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