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| 1 | Lithofacies and sedimentary characteristics of the Silurian Longmaxi Shale in the southeastern Sichuan Basin,China显示文摘The Silurian Longmaxi Shale (SLS) is the target for shale gas exploration and exploitation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin.Based on detailed description of cores and outcrops,analysis of Gamma Ray (GR) logs,thin sections and mineralogical data,the SLS can be subdivided into six lithofacies:(1) clayey shale,(2) siliceous calcareous shale,(3) siliceous dolomitic shale,(4) silty-clayey interlaminated shale,(5) muddy siltstone,and (6) graptolite shale.Three facies associations are recognized in the study area,i.e.,inner shelf,outer shelf,and bathyal plain (including turbidite) facies.Outer shelf and bathyal plain facies dominate the lower interval of the SLS,while inner shelf facies dominates the upper part of the SLS.The thickness of the black shale in the northern part of the study area is the greatest,where siliceous calcareous shale,siliceous dolomitic shale,and graptolite shale are predominant.These three kinds of shale are rich in total organic carbon (TOC) content and brittle minerals,which is favourable for the accumulation of shale gas and its future exploitation. | Jiang Zaixing Guo Ling Liang Chao | 2013 | Journal of Palaeogeography2013，2，3： | 21 |
| 2 | Modeling study of residence time and water age in Dahuofang Reservoir in China显示文摘Understanding the dynamics of water renewal in a reservoir is essential when the transport and fate of dissolved substances are evaluated.A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was implemented to compute average residence time and water age in Dahuofang Reservoir in China.The model was verified for a one-year time period in 2006.A simulation reproduced intra-annual variation of mixing represented by the fall/winter mixing and the spring/summer stratification.The simulated variation of vertical thermal structures also matched observation.The spatially varying average residence times and age distribution were investigated through a series of numerical experiments using a passively dissolved and conservative tracer as a surrogate.Residence time estimations yield a broad range of values depending on the position.The average residence time for a tracer placed at the head of the reservoir under high-,mean-,and low flow conditions was found to be about 125,236 and 521 days,respectively.The age simulation reveals that the age distribution is a function of the freshwater discharge.In the vertical direction,the age of the surface layers is larger than that of the bottom layers and the age difference between the surface and bottom layers decreases further downstream.The density-induced circulation plays an important role in the circulation in the reservoir,and can generate vertical age distribution in the reservoir.These findings provide useful information for understanding the transport process in Dahuofang Reservoir that can be used to assist the water quality management of the reservoir. | SHEN YongMing WANG JinHua ZHENG BingHui ZHEN Hong FENG Yu WANG ZaiXing YANG Xu | 2011 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2011，54，1： | 18 |
| 3 | Sedimentary hydrodynamic study of sand bodies in the upper subsection of the 4th Member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the eastern Dongying Depression, China显示文摘Petroleum is produced from a beach-bar sand reservoir in the upper subsection of the 4th member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation(Es4s) in the eastern Dongying Depression, penetrated by many wells in the Guangli-Qingnan area and this subsection still has further exploration potential. Using drilling and logging data, we analyzed the sand body types, emphasizing the sedimentary characteristics of the beach-bar sand bodies. Combining these data with the concepts of lacustrine and oceanic hydrodynamics, we explain the formation and distribution of the beach-bar sands in the eastern Dongying Depression. The connectivity between beach-bar sand bodies within each individual hydrodynamic zone is better than that between sand bodies in any two adjacent zones. The tempestite sand bodies developed in this area are characterized by typical storm deposits and are located at the bottoms of the beachbar sand bodies. They grade upward to normal shore and shallow-lacustrine beaches and bars. We also propose a new simple method to estimate the paleo-water depth using the thicknesses of the bar sand bodies in parasequences combined with the principle of hydrodynamic zonation. Based on the distribution of the beach-bar sands in parasequence set 3, we infer that the paleo-wind direction was from the north with an average paleo-wind force of 6 when the major beach-bar sand bodies formed. | Jiang Zaixing Liang Shuyi Zhang Yuanfu Zhang Shanwen Qin Lanzhi Wei Xiaojie | 2014 | Petroleum Science2014，11，2： | 16 |
| 4 | Sedimentary Characteristics and Paleoenvironment of Shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, North Guizhou Province, and Its Shale Gas Potential显示文摘The Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi shale is one of the main horizons for shale gas exploration in Sichuan Basin. Outcrop, core and thin section observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, trace element geochemistry and other methods have been used to understand the sedimentary characteristics and identify hydrocarbon source rocks in suitable sedimentary paleoenvironments in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in northern Guizhou Province. The thickness of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation ranges from 20 to 200 m and it was mainly deposited on a deep-water shelf. The TOC content is high, up to 5.75%. The main non-organic minerals are detrital quartz and clay minerals, with a little plagioclase feldspar, potassium feldspar, calcite, dolomite and pyrite. There is also biogenic microcrystalline quartz. Six lithofacies have been identified: siliceous shale, clay shale, calcareous shale, silty shale, carbonaceous shale, and muddy siltstone. Using biological Ba, V/(V+Ni), TOC, V/Cr, B, Sr/Ba and other indicators, we estimate primary productivity, redox conditions and paleosalinity and show that the early stage of Wufeng-Longmaxi deposition occurred under strong anoxic conditions, high paleosalinity and yielded a high TOC content and an excellent potential shale gas source. The anoxic environment was destroyed at the late stages of Wufeng-Longmaxi deposition, the TOC content decreased, so that it is likely to be a high quality source rock. Organic pores acted as the key reservoir space in the shales, and the pores are mainly mesopose, with most pore diameters less than 20 nm. The siliceous shale has high TOC content and brittle mineral(quartz) content making it an important exploration target for shale oil and gas exploration. | Chao Liang Zaixing Jiang Yingchang Cao Jinchuan Zhang Ling Guo | 2017 | Journal of Earth Science2017，28，6： | 16 |
| 5 | Starch/polyvinyl alcohol blended materials used as solid carbon source for tertiary denitrification of secondary efuent显示文摘Starch/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) blended materials for using as a solid carbon source(SCS) were prepared by blending PVA and gelatinized starch in an aqueous solution system, in which PVA served as framework material and starch as carbon source. The optimization of starch content and temperature efects were investigated. It was indicated that higher denitrification efciency could be achieved with more starch in the materials. The average specific denitrification rates were 0.93, 0.66, 0.37 and 0.36 mg/(g·day)corresponding to starch content of 70%, 60%, 40% and 30% respectively at 37°C. The denitrification rates increased when operating temperature was raised from 23°C to 30°C and then 37°C. The mechanism of carbon release was analyzed incorporating the experimental results of abiotic release in deionized water. The organic carbon was mainly hydrolyzed by microbes, and the biological release efciencies were at the range of 89.2% to 96.0%. A long-term experiment with a continuous flow reactor with SCS material containing 70% starch was conducted to gain some experience for practical application. When the influent nitrate concentration was in the range of 35.2 to 39.1 mg/L, hydraulic retention time of 4 hr, and operating temperature of 30°C, a nitrogen removal efciency up to94.6% and denitrification rate of 0.217 kg/(m3·day) was achieved. The starch-based materials developed in this study can be used as a solid carbon source for tertiary nitrogen removal from secondary efuent. | Peng Li Jiane Zuo Wei Xing Lei Tang Xiangyang Ye Zaixing Li Lin Yuan Kaijun Wang Hongtao Zhang | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013，25，10： | 11 |
| 6 | Coal and coal byproducts:A large and developable unconventional resource for critical materials—Rare earth elements显示文摘Rare earth elements(REEs) are critical materials and provide significant values to national security,energy production, environmental protection and economic growth. The supply of REEs in U.S. solely relies on import as domestic production of REEs was ceased because of the environmental concerns during mining and lack of competitiveness. Nonetheless, unconventional REEs-containing resources,including produced water. acid mine drainage, and coal and coal byproducts(C&CBs) contain significant amounts of REEs. However, the concentrations of REEs in these resources are several orders of magnitude lower than that of REEs ores. Thus, extraction of REEs from these materials is challenging. Here we report REEs extraction with environmentally friendly method that successfully concentrated REEs from312 ppm in fly ash to 99.4% in the final product. Especially, the five critically important REEs(Dy, Eu, Nd.Tb. and Y) account for up to ~63% of the total weight of all REEs in the final 99.4%-purity product. Coal fly ash is one of the major solid coal utilization byproducts, representing great potential resources for REEs extraction. Extraction of REEs from these unconventional resources could be the way to secure domestic supply of these critical materials. | Zaixing Huang Maohong Fan Hanjing Tiand | 2018 | Journal of Rare Earths2018，36，4： | 11 |
| 7 | Laboratory Characterizations on 2007 Cases of Monoclonal Gammopathies in East China显示文摘Monoclonal gammopathies are characterized by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin in patients with or without evidence of multiple myeloma (MM),macroglobulinemia,amyloidosis (AL),or a related plasma cell proliferative disorder. This study aims to evaluate laboratory diagnostic characters of monoclonal gammopathies and investigates the correlation between monoclonal gammopathies and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE),serum protein electrophoresis (SPE),nephelometry and urine light chain ELISA were used for laboratory identification of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Plasma TGFβ1 was detected with double-antibodies ELISA. Lightcycler was used for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Totally 2,007 cases of monoclonal immunoglobulin (M protein) were identified in 10,682 samples. The isotypes of M protein were IgG type 47.1%,IgA 23.0%,IgM 8.7%,IgD 5.3%,free light chain κ 6.1%,λ 9.8%. In reference to IFE,the coherency of diagnosis was serum light chain ratio (κ/λ) 94.4%,quantitation of Igs 83%,light chain quantitation 80.9%,and urine light chain ratio (κ/λ) 58.0%. Plasma TGFβ1 was elevated significantly compared to normal control. The allelic frequency of codon 10 (C > T) was neither associated with the existence of the M protein nor with the M protein isotype. Monoclonal gammopathies can be identified with the combination of IFE,SPE,Igs quantitaion and urine light chain determination. Although TGFβ1,an important cytokine in immune regulation,was elevated in monoclonal gammopathies,the SNPs in coding region of TGFβ1 gene did not confer susceptibility to the development of monoclonal gammopathies in this study. | Hao Wang Chunfang Gao Lingling Xu Zaixing Yang Wenjing Zhao Xiantao Kong | 2008 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2008，5，4： | 8 |
| 8 | Three-dimensional numerical modelling of water quality in Dahuofang Reservoir in China显示文摘A three-dimensional eutrophication model was applied to assist the management of Dahuofang Reservoir in China.Transport processes were obtained from the three-dimensional,finite volume hydrodynamic model.The hydrodynamic model was verified for a one-year time period in 2006.Our simulation reproduced intra-annual variation of stratification.The simulated variation of vertical thermal structures also matched observations.The water quality model included 8 state variables,including dissolved oxygen,phytoplankton as carbon,carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate and nitrite nitrogen,ortho-phosphorus,organic nitrogen,and organic phosphorus.Sensitivity of the parameters has been analyzed to decide which process would affect the water quality in the simulation.The water quality verification suggested the model successfully computed the temporal cycles and spatial distributions of key water quality components.The comparison between water quality components before and after the first phase of the water conveyance project suggests that the project has a slight effect on the reservoir ecosystem.The model could be used as a tool to guide physico-biological engineering design or management strategies for Dahuofang Reservoir. | WANG JinHua SHEN YongMing ZHEN Hong FENG Yu WANG ZaiXing YANG Xu | 2011 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2011，54，7： | 7 |
| 9 | Genesis and Implications of the Composition and Sedimentary Structure of Fine-Grained Carbonate Rocks in the Shulu Sag显示文摘Fine-grained carbonate rocks, which extensively occur in the Eocene strata in the Shulu sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China, represent an unconventional, fine-grained carbonate reservoir. However, previous studies have ignored the complexity of the lithofacies components and their formation mechanisms. Fine-grained carbonate rocks are typical reservoirs in which hydrocarbons form and gather. A better understanding of the nature of these rocks is extremely important for evaluating the quality of unconventional, fine-grained carbonate reservoirs. Various lithofacies components were discriminated in this study with a combination of petrographic observations and carbon isotope analyses. These finegrained carbonate rocks comprise terrigenous, biogenic and diagenetic materials. Terrigenous input and biologically induced precipitation are the main sources of the materials in the lake. Five lithofacies were identified based on the observations of sedimentary features(core and thin section) and mineralogical data:(1) varve-like laminated calcilutite,(2) graded laminated calcilutite,(3) interlaminated calcisiltitecalcilutite,(4) massive calcilutite, and(5) massive calcisiltite-calcarenite. Their origins were recorded by various lithofacies components, which are controlled by the interactions of physical, chemical and biological processes. This study indicated that the lithology of the bedrocks was the key factor controlling carbonate accumulation. The tectonics and climate can influence the weathering and types of lithofacies. Primary productivity controlled the precipitation of the endogenic calcite. These factors jointly determined the abundant fine-grained carbonate rocks that have accumulated in the Shulu sag. | Xiangxin Kong Zaixing Jiang Chao Han Lijing Zheng Yiming Zhang Ruifeng Zhang Jianzhang Tian | 2017 | Journal of Earth Science2017，28，6： | 6 |
| 10 | Division and Characteristics of Shale Parasequences in the Upper Fourth Member of the Shahejie Formation, Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China显示文摘Shale parasequence analysis is an important part of sequence stratigraphy sudies. This paper proposed a systematic research method for analyzing shale parasequences including their delineation, division, characteristics and origins. The division method is established on the basis of lithofacies. Multi-method analysis and mutual verification were implemented by using auxiliary indicators(such as mineral compositions, geochemical indicators and wavelet values). A typical shale parasequence comprises a lower interval of deepening water-depth and an upper interval of shallowing water-depth(e.g., a shale parasequence including a high-total organic carbon(TOC) shale-low-TOC limy shale). Abrupt increases in pyrite content, TOC value, relative hydrocarbon generation potential((S_1+S_2)/TOC), and wavelet values are indicative of parasequence boundaries. The proposed research method was applied to study the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying depression, Bohai Bay Basin. Results show that there were seven types of parasequences developed. A singular and a dual structured parasequences were identified. Three factors controlling the development of the shale parasequences were identified including relative lake level change, terrestrial input and transgression. The development of high-TOC(>2%) shale parasequences was mainly controlled by biological and chemical sedimentation. The low-TOC(<2%) shale parasequences were mainly deposited by chemical sedimentation. The diversities of shale parasequences were caused by four major controlling factors including climate, relative lake level change, terrestrial input and emergency(e.g., transgression). | Jing Wu Zaixing Jiang | 2017 | Journal of Earth Science2017，28，6： | 5 |
| 11 | Alkaline diagenesis and its genetic mechanism in the Triassic coal measure strata in the Western Sichuan Foreland Basin,China显示文摘The reservoir of the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation(T3x) in the Western Sichuan Foreland Basin is a set of terrigenous clastic rocks in an environment of coal measure sediments.Diagenesis greatly controls the physical properties of the reservoir through different responses of minerals to acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment.The dissolution of unstable components such as feldspar,rock fragments,carbonate cement,and clay minerals is the major source of secondary pores under acidic diagenesis,while the dissolution of quartz increases the reservoir space in the fault-fold zone of Longmen Mountain and Leikoupo paleo-hills.The dissolution of quartz is a result of cross-formation flow of fluid in the Himalaya epoch and the invasion of alkaline formation water from the Triassic Leikoupo and Jialingjiang formations through fault and fracture systems.In the vertical succession,acidic dissolution occurs at a shallow depth of less than 2,180 m,and alkaline dissolution occurs at a greater depth of more than 2,280 m.The reservoir space is formed by the influence of both acidic and alkaline dissolution in the depth interval of 2,180-2,280 m. | Jiang Zaixing Qiu Longwei Chen Guiju | 2009 | Petroleum Science2009，6，4： | 5 |
| 12 | Basic characteristics and evaluation of shale oil reservoirs显示文摘Shale oil refers to liquid hydrocarbons existing in free,dissolved or adsorbed states in the effective source rock of mudstones or shales,where some residual oil is retained after hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from the mudstones or shales.Basically shale oil experiences no migration or only undergoes some primary,short-distance migration within the source rocks.So far,there is no consensus on the exact definition of shale oil in China.Researches on the reservoir-controlling factors and evaluation elements are also far from sufficient.In this study,shale oil reservoirs are defined as mudstones or shales excluding the interbedded or adjacent layers of coarser siliciclastic or chemical-biogenic lithofacies(e.g.siltstone,carbonate,salt or chert layers)in the source rocks.According to different reservoiring mechanisms,shale oil reservoirs are classified into“fracture type”and“matrix type”.The general features of shale oil reservoirs include:rich in organic matters,dominated by Type I and II_(1) kerogen(with Ro=0.6%-1.2%and total organic content(TOC)>2.0%),complex mineral compositions and laminated structures,tight storage space,low porosity and ultra-low permeability,and as well as the requirement for reservoir fracturing.This paper emphasizes the critical role of organic matter in the formation and evaluation of shale oil reservoirs,and its critical control on the oil generation potential and storage capacity of shale,which eventually determine the oil content and productivity of shale oil reservoirs.Besides,a set of reservoir evaluation criteria is also put forward with a focus on the TOC content,in which the threshold values of TOC are set to be 2%and 4%,and a variety of indicators are taken into account including the type and maturity of organic matter,the thickness of organic-rich shale,mineral compositions and rock types,porosity and permeability,and fracturing ability.The evaluation criteria divide shale oil reservoirs into three grades,i.e.,target reservoir,favorable reservoir and invalid reservoir. | Zaixing Jiang Wenzhao Zhang Chao Liang Yongshi Wang Huimin Liu Xiang Chen | 2016 | Petroleum Research2016，1，2： | 4 |
| 13 | Comparative Analysis of Sequence Characteristics among Different Superimposed Stages of the Chelif Basin,Algeria显示文摘Superimposed basins were investigated with respect to tectonic evolution, sediment deposition and petroleum characteristics within a single superposition stage generally. The comparative study was seldom seen. Sequence characteristics were compared for two different superimposed stages-an expanding rifting stage and a depression-foreland transition stage-in the Chelif Basin during the Miocene in this paper. A model and mechanism for sequence evolution of superimposed basins in different dynamic situations are discussed with respect to sequence similarities and differences. The compared characters include sequence thickness, sequence boundaries and system tracts, as well as sediment deposition within sequences and sequence development patterns. Finally, some typical features of sequence development concomitant with changes of superimposed stages in the Chelif Basin are discussed. | ZHANG Yuanfu JIANG Zaixing WANG Yue BAO Dandan | 2009 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2009，83，6： | 4 |
| 14 | Quantification of multi-antibiotic resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in bioaerosols in and around a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant显示文摘Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) are thought to be a 'seedbed' and reservoirs for multi-antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria which can be transmitted to the air environment through aeration. We quantified airborne multi-antibiotic resistance in a full-scale plant to treat antibiotics-producing wastewater by collecting bioaerosol samples from December2014 to July 2015. Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacteria(GNOPB) were isolated, and antibiotic susceptibility tests against 18 commonly used antibiotics, including 11 β-lactam antibiotics, 3 aminoglycosides, 2 fluoroquinolones, 1 furan and 1 sulfonamide, were conducted.More than 45% of airborne bacteria isolated from the pharmaceutical WWTP were resistant to three or more antibiotics, and some opportunistic pathogenic strains were resistant to 16 antibiotics, whereas 45.3% and 50.3% of the strains isolated from residential community and municipal WWTP showed resistance to three or more antibiotics. The calculation of the multiple antibiotic resistance(MAR) index demonstrated that the air environment in the pharmaceutical WWTP was highly impacted by antibiotic resistance, while the residential community and municipal WWTP was less impacted by antibiotic resistance. In addition, we determined that the dominant genera of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated from all bioaerosol samples were Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas. Collectively, these results indicate the proliferations and spread of antibiotic resistance through bioaerosols in WWTP treating cephalosporin-producing wastewater, which imposed a potential health risk for the staff and residents in the neighborhood, calling for administrative measures to minimize the air-transmission hazard. | Mengyu Zhang Jiane Zuo Xin Yu Xuchuan Shi Lei Chen Zaixing Li | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，10： | 4 |
| 15 | Investigation on coaxial stability of nano-bearing under two axis-deviation perturbations显示文摘A spatial cylindrical model on nano-bearing constructed by double-walled carbon nano-tube (DWCNT) is established. Two motion equations are advanced to characterize the eccentric and deflective mode of the nano-bearing, respectively. On the basis of these equations, the coaxial stability of the nano-bearing under two axis-deviation perturbations is investigated. A characteristic parameter λ * governing the coaxial stability of the nano-bearing is determined. The influences of the angular velocity, interlayer spacing and axial length of the nano-bearing on the characteristic parameter λ * are analyzed and discussed in detail. It is found that when the angular velocity or interlayer spacing is smaller than a certain critical value, the parameter λ * keeps negative, and the coaxial stability of the nano-bearing is maintained. However, the axial length has very insignificant influence on λ * . In addition, for the two non-coaxial modes, the eccentric mode occurs more easily than the deflective one. The results of this paper provide a further insight into the coaxial stability of nano-bearing via the spatial model. | YAO Yin * & HUANG ZaiXing College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，12： | 3 |
| 16 | Systematic Analysis on Quick Development of Bamboo Industry in Zhejiang Province:A Case Study for Successful Development Approach of China's Booming Bamboo Industry显示文摘China is globally acknowledged as 'Kingdom of Bamboo',and Zhejiang Province is nationally recognized as the first province of bamboo in China.Systematic and overall analysis is made by the approach of case study on why Zhejiang can get such a marvelous achievement so as to provide significant references and instructions for bamboo development for other countries who desire to learn technologies and know-how from China.The main contributions are concluded as below:1)Quick progress of bamboo technology provides a strong back-up for bamboo industry development;2)Governmental supports promote the balanced development of bamboo industry,including favorable policy,financial support;3)Good relation of bamboo cultivation and processing;4)Special soci-economic and humanitarian advantages for bamboo development,including good export environment,dynamic private economy,bamboo industry zone,excellent talents of bamboo;and 5)Quick expansion of international and domestic bamboo market stimulates and drives the development of bamboo | DING Xingcui CAI Hanjiang WU Zaixing CHEN Yan ZHANG Jinfeng | 2007 | Chinese Forestry Science and Technology2007，6，2： | 3 |
| 17 | Characteristics of Milankovitch Cycles in the Mid-Permian Liangshan and Qixia Formations of the Sichuan Basin——Examples from Well-Long17 and Well-Wujia1显示文摘The Liangshan and Qixia formations in the Sichuan Basin of central China were formed in the earlier middle Permian. Based on outcrop observation of the Changjianggou section at Shangsi, Guangyuan region and 3 rd -order sequence division in typical drillings, one-dimensional spectrum analysis has been used to choose the better curve between the natural gamma ray spectrometry log(ln (Th/K)) in Well-Long17 and the gamma ray log(GR) in Well-Wujia1, respectively, for identifying Milankovitch cycles in Sequence PSQ1 which comprises the Liangshan and Qixia formations, and then to identify the variation in the Milankovitch cycle sequences. On this basis, the system tract and 4 th -order sequence interfaces in Sequence PSQ1 were found via two-dimensional spectral analysis and digital filtering. Finally, a high-frequency sequence division program was established. Among these cycles, long eccentricity (413.0 ka) and short eccentricity (123.0 ka) are the most unambiguous, and they are separately the major control factors in forming 4 th -order (parasequence sets) and 5 th -order (parasequences) sequences, with the average thicknesses corresponding to the main cycles being 11.47 m and 3.32 m in Well-Long17, and 14.21 m and 3.79 m in Well-Wujia1, respectively. In other words, the deposition rate in the beach subfacies is faster than that of the inner ramp facies. The ln(Th/K) curve is more sensitive than the GR as the index of relatively ancient water depth in carbonate deposition. One-dimensional spectrum analysis of ln(Th/K) curve could distinguish the Milankovitch cycle sequences that arose from the Precession cycle (20.90 ka), with a much higher credibility. Sequence PSQ1 in Well-Long17 contains 10 4 th -order sequences, and the growth span of Sequence PSQ1 consisting of the Liangshan and Qixia formations is about 4.13 Ma. The single deposition thickness of the long eccentricity cycle sequence has the characteristics of thinning and then thickening in the two-dimensional spectrum, which could be used to identify the system tract interface of the 3 rd -order sequence. The precession sequence thickness remains stationary. As a result, the early deposition rate in the mid-Permian of the Sichuan basin was very slow, remaining nearly stationary, and this reflects a sustained depositional environment. Whole-rock carbon and oxygen isotope curves could also prove this point. Milankovitch cycle sequence studies provide a basis for paleoenvironmental analysis and, as such, can be used to analyze ancient climate change, calculate deposition rate and deposition time, and carry out fine isochronous stratigraphic correlation. | ZHANG Yunbo JIA Chengzao ZHAO Zongju JIANG Zaixing XU Jie | 2012 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2012，86，5： | 3 |
| 18 | Design and fabrication of 1-D semiconductor nanomaterials for high-performance photovoltaics显示文摘To date, the cost-effective utilization of solar energy by photovoltaics for large-scale deployment remains challenging. Further cost minimization and efficiency maximization, through reduction of material consumption, simplification of device fabrication as well as optimization of device structure and geometry, are required. The usage of 1D nanomaterials is attractive due to the outstanding light coupling effect, the ease of fabrication, and integration with one-dimensional(1-D) semiconductor materials. The light absorption efficiency can be enhanced significantly, and the corresponding light-toelectricity conversion efficiency can be as high as their bulk counterparts. Also, the amount of active materials used can be reduced. This review summarizes the recent development of 1-D nanomaterials for photovoltaic applications, including the anti-reflection, the light absorption,the minority diffusion, and the semiconductor junction properties. With solid progress and prospect shown in the past 10 years, 1-D semiconductor nanomaterials are attractive and promising for the realization of high-efficiency and low-cost solar cells. | Ning Han Zaixing Yang Lifan Shen Hao Lin Ying Wang Edwin Y.B.Pun Yunfa Chen Johnny C.Ho | 2016 | Science Bulletin2016，61，5： | 3 |
| 19 | Classification of Hydrocarbon-Bearing Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks显示文摘Fine-grained sedimentary rocks are defined as rocks which mainly compose of fine grains(<62.5 μm). The detailed studies on these rocks have revealed the need of a more unified, comprehensive and inclusive classification. The study focuses on fine-grained rocks has turned from the differences of inorganic mineral components to the significance of organic matter and microorganisms. The proposed classification is based on mineral composition, and it is noted that organic matters have been taken as a very important parameter in this classification scheme. Thus, four parameters, the TOC content, silica(quartz plus feldspars), clay minerals and carbonate minerals, are considered to divide the fine-grained sedimentary rocks into eight categories, and the further classification within every category is refined depending on subordinate mineral composition. The nomenclature consists of a root name preceded by a primary adjective. The root names reflect mineral constituent of the rock, including low organic(TOC<2%), middle organic(2%4%) claystone, siliceous mudstone, limestone, and mixed mudstone. Primary adjectives convey structure and organic content information, including massive or limanited. The lithofacies are closely related to the reservoir storage space, porosity, permeability, hydrocarbon potential and shale oil/gas sweet spot, and are the key factor for the shale oil and gas exploration. The classification helps to systematically and practicably describe variability within fine-grained sedimentary rocks, what's more, it helps to guide the hydrocarbon exploration. | Zaixing Jiang Hongjie Duan Chao Liang Jing Wu Wenzhao Zhang Jianguo Zhang | 2017 | Journal of Earth Science2017，28，6： | 3 |
| 20 | Discovery of lacustrine shale deposits in the Yanshan Orogenic Belt,China: Implications for hydrocarbon exploration显示文摘The mechanism of formation of lacustrine deposits within stable orogenic belts and their potential for shale oil and gas exploration are frontier themes of challenge in the fields of sedimentology and petroleum exploration. Orogenic belts witness strong tectonic activities and normally cannot host stable lacustrine basins and deep shale formations. Therefore, basins in orogenic belts are considered to have no potential to form shale hydrocarbon reservoirs. Here we investigate the Luanping Basin located in the Yanshan orogenic belt where previous studies regarded rivers and fan deltas as the major main Mesozoic deposits. Based on detailed field exploration and scientific drilling, we report the finding of a large number of lacustrine shale continental deep-water deposits in the Mesozoic strata. Our finding of the occurrence of active shale oil and gas also in this basin also subvert the previous perceptions.We report SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age that define the bottom boundary of the target interval as 127.6 ± 1.7 Ma belonging to the early Cretaceous strata. Tectonics and climate are considered to be the main factors that controlled the deep-water sedimentation during this period. The drill cores revealed evidence of shale gas and the TOC of shale is 0.33%–3.60%, with an average value of 1.39% and Ro is 0.84%–1.21%, with an average value of 1.002%. The brittleness index of shale is between 52.7% and 100%. After vertical well fracturing, the daily gas production is more than 1000 m^(3). Our findings show that the basin has considerable potential for shale oil and gas. The geological resources of the shale gas in the Xiguayuan Fm. are estimated as 1110.12 × 10^(8) m^(3), with shale oil geological resources of 3340.152 × 10^(4) t. Our findings indicate that the Yanshan orogenic belt has potential exploration prospect. This work not only redefines the Luanping Basin as a rift deep-water Mesozoic Lake Basin, but also rules out the previous notion that the basin is dominated by shallow water sediments. The discovery of shale oil and gas also provides an important reference for subsequent petroleum exploration and development in this basin. Our study shows that shale oil and gas reservoirs can be found in the lacustrine basins of orogenic belts which were strongly influenced by volcanism. These results have significant implications for the sedimentology and oil exploration in the Qinling and Xingmeng Orogenic Belts of China, as well as those in other terranes of the world including the New England Orogenic Belt in Australia. | Yuanfu Zhang Xiaodong Yuan Min Wang Pengcheng Ge Yancui Huo Jie Xu Jianguo Zhang Jian Cheng Zaixing Jiang | 2021 | Geoscience Frontiers2021，12，6： | 2 |
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