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| 1 | A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR UNSTEADY SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER显示文摘A one-dimensional mathematical model for unsteady sediment transport in the Lower Yellow River is developed. A coefficient of sediment distribution is defined to represent the ratio of the bottom to the average concentration under the equilibrium conditions. The coefficient is not constant and is evaluated by using an empirical expression obtained by integrating the sediment concentration along water depth. The concentration distributions and the mean diameter distributions of suspended sediment in the transversal direction are also estimated in this model. A four-point (Preismann type) finite difference scheme and TDMA are employed in the numerical method. Three typical floods occurd in 1977,1982 and 1996, respectively, in the Lower Yellow River from Tiexie to Shunkou with a length of 393.67km are numerically simulated with the model. The computed results, such as the water stage, discharge, and sediment concentration agree well with the measured data. | ZHANG Hongwu1, HUANG Yuandong1 and ZHAO Lianjun2 1 Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2 Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China | 2001 | International Journal of Sediment Research2001，16，2： | 13 |
| 2 | 河南陕县七里铺商代遗址的发掘显示文摘一、引言遗址位於陕县城西南约3.5公里的七里铺村旁(图一;图版壹,1)。村旁陡起的黄土台地,为仰韶遗址,我们定为七里铺一区。往南为河南龙山文化辛村期遗存堆积的范围,我们定为二区。三区为商代遗址,它分布在稍微高出二区遗址西面平坦的台地上,东到洛潼公路,南延至七星铺村前的崖头上,西临黄河,北和二区遗址只有一沟之隔;其范围是:南北长480米,东西宽窄不等,最宽约225米(图二;图版壹,2)。 | The Honan Squad,Yellow River Reservoirs Archaeological Team | 1960 | 考古学报1960，，1： | 13 |
| 3 | Soil erosion and sediment transport in the gullied Loess Plateau:Scale effects and their mechanisms显示文摘Scale effects exist in the whole process of rainfall―runoff―soil erosion―sediment transport in river basins.The differences of hydrographs and sediment graphs in different positions in a river basin are treated as basic scale effects,which are more complex in the gullied Loess Plateau,a region notorious for high intensity soil erosion and hyper-concentrated sediment-laden flow.The up-scaling method of direct extrapolation that maintains dynamical mechanism effective in large scale application was cho-sen as the methodology of this paper.Firstly,scale effects of hydrographs and sediment graphs were analyzed by using field data,and key sub-processes and their mechanisms contributing to scale effects were clearly defined.Then,the Digital Yellow River Model that integrates sub-models for the sub-processes was used with high resolution to simulate rainfall―runoff―soil erosion―sediment transport response in Chabagou watershed,and the distributed results representing scale effects were obtained.Finally,analysis on the simulation results was carried out.It was shown that gravitational erosion and hyper-concentrated flow contribute most to the spatial variation of hydrographs and sediment graphs in the spatial scale.Different spatial scale distributions and superposition of different sub-processes are the mechanisms of scale effects. | LI TieJian1,WANG GuangQian1,XUE Hai2,3 & WANG Kai4 1 State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China 2 Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China 3 North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower,Zhengzhou 450008,China 4 China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，5： | 11 |
| 4 | Study on the changes of water cycle and its impacts in the source region of the Yellow River显示文摘The water cycle in the source region of the Yellow River underwent great changes in the 1990s. The major features of the changes are as follows: the gauged runoff declined significantly while the precipitation increased slightly, and the runoff process was more concentrated on the flood season. Water balance analyses indicate that the pondage was kept in the status of negative equilibrium, causing eco-environmental problems. The runoff decrement is due to evaporation increment in this region. Studies show that the runoff process in this region is closely related to that of the other hydrological stations in the upper reaches. When the runoff declines in the source regions, the amount of water also declines in the whole upper reaches of the Yellow River, affecting the balance between water demand and supply. Meanwhile changes will take place in the water cycle of the river course system when the eco-environment deteriorates. The trend of water cycle change in the source region is that the runoff will keep declining with the increment of evaporation caused by temperature rise in the northwest of China in the 21st century. But the hydraulic engineering in the source region will help to mitigate the deterioration of local eco-environment system, though the impacts to the lower reaches of this project may not be the case. | ZHANG Shifeng1, JIA Shaofeng1, LIU Changming1, CAO Wenbing2, HAO Fanghua3, LIU Jiuyu4 & YAN Huayun5 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 3. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 4. Bureau of Hydrology of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450003, China 5. Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resource Investigation of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China | 2004 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2004，47，z1： | 10 |
| 5 | Establishment of trophic continuum in the food web of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea ecosystem: Insight from carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes显示文摘Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) are used to study the trophic structure of food web in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea ecosystem. The trophic con-tinuum of pelagic food web from phytoplankton to top preyer was elementarily established, and a trophic structure diagram in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea was outlined in combination with carbon isotopic data of benthic organisms, which is basically consistent with and makes some improvements on the simplified Yellow Sea food web and the trophic structure diagram drawn based on the biomass of main resource population during 1985―1986. This result indicates that the stable isotope method is a potential useful means for further studying the complete marine food web trophic continuum from viruses to top predators and food web stability. | CAI Deling1, LI Hongyan2, TANG Qisheng3 & SUN Yao3 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology & Environment Geology, SOA, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China 2. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China 3. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China | 2005 | Science China(Life Sciences)2005，48，6： | 8 |
| 6 | Comprehensive benefit of flood resources utilization through dynamic successive fuzzy evaluation model: A case study显示文摘Taking the flood resources utilization in Baicheng, Jilin during 2002–2007 as the research background, and based on the entropy weight and multi-level & multi-objective fuzzy optimization theory, this research established a multi-level & semi-constructive index system and dynamic successive evaluation model for comprehensive benefit evaluation of regional flood resources utilization. With the year 2002 as the base year, the analyzing results showed that there existed a close positive correlation between flood utilization volume and its benefits, comprehensive evaluation value and its comparison increment. Within the six successive evaluation years, the comprehensive benefit of 2003 was the best, in which the benefit evaluation increment reached 82.8% whereas the year of 2004 was the worst, in which the increment was only 18.2%. Thus the sustainability and correctness of the evaluation were verified by six years successive evaluation and increment comparison. The analyzing results showed that the economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits of flood utilization were remarkable, and that the comprehensive benefit could be improved by increasing flood utilization capacity, which would promote the regional sustainable development as well. The established dynamic successive evaluation provides a stable theoretical basis and technical support for further flood utilization. | FENG Feng1,2, XU ShiGuo1, LIU JianWei1, LIU Dan1,3 & WU Bo4 1 Institute of Water Environment, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 2 Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng 475003, China 3 College of Water Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China 4 Office of Flood Control and Draught Relief in Jilin Province, Changchun 130033, China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，2： | 7 |
| 7 | Analysis of tandem repeats in the genome of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis显示文摘Through random sequencing, we found a total of 884000 base-pairs (bp) of random genomic sequences in the genome of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis). Using bio-soft Tandem Repeat Finder (TRF) software, 2159 tandem repeats were found, in which there were 1714 mi- crosatellites and 445 minisatellites, accounting for 79.4% and 20.6% of repeat sequences, respectively. The cumulative length of repeat sequences was found to be 116685 bp, ac- counting for 13.2% of the total DNA sequence; the cumula- tive length of microsatellites occupied 9.78% of the total DNA sequence, and that of minisatellites occupied 3.42%. In decreasing order, the 20 most abundant repeat sequence classes were as follows: AT (557), AC (471), AG (274), AAT (92), A (56), AAG (28), ATC (27), ATAG (27), AGG (18), ACT (15), C (11), AAC (11), ACAT (11), CAGA (10), AGAA (9), AGGG (7), CAAA (7), CGCA (6), ATAA (6), AGAGAA (6). Dinucleotide repeats, not only in the aspect of the number, but also in cumulative length, were the preponderant repeat type. There were few classes and low copy numbers of repeat units of the pentanucleotide repeat type, which included only three classes: AGAGA, GAGGC and AAAGA. The classes and copy numbers of heptanucleotide, eleven-nucleotide and thirteen-nucleotide primer-number-composed repeats were distinctly less than that of repeat types beside them. | KONG Jie1 & GAO Huan2,3 1. Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Re- sources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheris Research Insti- tute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 2. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 3. The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，14： | 7 |
| 8 | The acoustic survey of anchovy in the Yellow Sea in February 1999, with emphasis on the estimation of the size structure of the anchovy population显示文摘Estimation of the size structure of a fish population is often one of the primary objectives of an acoustic/trawl survey.The methods of estimation may be different with different sampling strategies.This paper describes the main results as well as the methods used during the acoustic survey of anchovy in the Yellow Sea in February 1999,with emphasis on the estimation of the number at length and biomass at length of the anchovy population surveyed under adoptive sampling strategy.The estimation is done for each transect.Within each transect,the biological sample data is weighted by fish quantity derived from the acoustic density ( s A) of the echo signs that the biological sample represents.This method makes full use of the acoustic data available in a rigorous manner.It is essentially to estimate the size structure of each group of fish aggregation thought to having similar size composition.It is believed that this method may lead to a more accurate estimate of the size structure of a fish population surveyed under adoptive sampling strategy. | Zhao Xianyong Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,106 Nanjing Road,Qingdao, China 266071 | 2001 | 海洋水产研究2001，22，4： | 7 |
| 9 | Runoff of the upper Yellow River above Tangnag: characteristics, evolution and changing trends显示文摘Runoff and its evolution, based on hydrometeorological data from surface measurement stations, are analyzed for the upper reaches of the Yellow River above Tangnag. Some mathematical statistical models, for example, Period Extrapolation-Gradual Regression Model, Grey Topology Forecast Model and Box-Jinkins Model, are applied in predicting changing trends on the runoff. The analysis indicates that the runoff volume in the upper Yellow River above Tangnag is ending a period of extended minimum flows. Increasing runoff is expected in the coming years. | LAN Yong-chao1, KANG Er-si1, MA Quan-jie2, ZHANG Ji-shi1, CHEN Ren-sheng1 (1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of the Upper Yellow River Basin, L | 2001 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2001，11，3： | 5 |
| 10 | TWO-DIMENSIONAL SEDIMENT MATHEMATICAL MODEL FORUNSTEADY FLOW IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER显示文摘The theoretical frame of a new two-dimensional sediment mathematical model is established on the basis of the resent research achievements about the sediment transport law of the Yellow River. The formulas of sediment carrying capacity of flow and river roughness, which reflect the features of the Yellow River, are applied to it. The finite element scheme is employed to deduce the discretized equations of the model. The pre-estimated-verified substitution is used to solve them. Verifications of the model are carried out with the flood occurring on Jinan reach of the Yellow River during the flood season in 1976. The calculation results with the model are in good agreement with the measured data. | ZHANG Hongwu LI Dongfeng XU Yuxin ZHANG Junhua (1 Project (No. 39890200) Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation Commission and the Ministry of Water Conservancy 2 Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China 3 Ye | 1999 | International Journal of Sediment Research1999，14，2： | 5 |
| 11 | SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF COARSE SAND BED LOAD IN TURBULENT FLOW FIELD显示文摘SIZEDISTRIBUTIONSOFCOARSESANDBEDLOADINTURBULENTFLOWFIELD￥ZhangHong-wu;WangShan(InstituteofHydraulicResearchYellowRiverConserv... | Zhang Hong-wu Wang Shan(Institute of Hydraulic Research Yellow River Conservancy Commissivn,Zhengzhou 450003,P.R.China) | 1995 | Journal of Hydrodynamics1995，7，3： | 4 |
| 12 | A distributed hydrological model with its application to the Jinghe watershed in the Yellow River Basin显示文摘For the purpose of water resources management in the Yellow River Basin with highly spatial difference, a daily distributed hydrological model was proposed, of which the determination of spatially-distributed parameters and model inputs processing were performed by means of GIS/RS. In the model, the computation of runoff yield was based on the topography index method and flow routing was modeled by Maskingum method. The operation of the model is followed by means of “command structure” technique based upon the topography of river network. A case study using the model was conducted for the Jinghe watershed, which locates at the middle Yellow River Basin. The simulation of the hydrological processes in 1996 has shown that water quantity balance errors were less than 5% and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient arrived at 0.7, indicating that the model structure is justifiable, and the precision of the model can satisfy the purpose of water resources management. | WANG Zhonggen1, ZHENG Hongxing1, LIU Changming1, , WU Xianfeng2 2 & ZHAO Weimin3 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. Institute of Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 3. Water Resources Conservation Committee of Yellow River, Zhengzhou 450003, China | 2004 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2004，47，z1： | 4 |
| 13 | Large-eddy simulation of formation of three-dimensional aeolian sand ripples in a turbulent field显示文摘With the method of large-eddy simulation,the equation of spherule motion and the method of immersed boundary condition,numerical simulations of three-dimen-sional turbulent aeolian motion and the formation of sand ripples under three-di-mensional turbulent wind and the mutual actions of saltation and creeping motion were carried out. The resulting sand ripples have the form that is flat on the upwind side and steep on the leeward,which is identical to the sand ripples in nature. We also realized the self-restoration process of three-dimensional sand ripples,which shows the correctness of the method of numerical simulation and the models of saltation and creeping. Finally,We analyzed the influence of sand ripples on the three-dimensional turbulent wind field,and found that due to the appearance and development of sand ripples,in the normal direction of ground there exists stronger energy exchange,and moreover,there is close correspondence between the forms of sand ripples and the vorticity close to the ground surface. | WU ChuiJie1,WANG Ming2 & WANG Liang3 1 State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China 2 Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China 3 Research Center for Fluid Dynamics,Science School,PLA University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 211101,China | 2008 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2008，51，8： | 4 |
| 14 | Dam risk assistant analysis system design显示文摘In order to reduce the labor intensity and task difficulty of dam risk analysis and to meet the actual requirement of dam risk analysis,it is necessary to establish a dam risk assistant analysis system.The program structure and the implementation ways of the dam risk assistant analysis system are analyzed,and a procedural framework with 'three-tier and multi-database' structure and 'level structure' is established.The concept of dam risk assessment system modular development is proposed and the coupled mode of function module and data is improved.Finally,the dam risk assistant analysis system is developed using Delphi visual programming language. | HE XianFeng1,2,3,GU ChongShi3,4,WU ZhongRu3,4 & SU HuaiZhi3,4 1 Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China 2 Embankment Security Defect Prevention and Control Engineering Research Center of MWR,Zhengzhou 45000,China 3 College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China 4 National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，S2： | 4 |
| 15 | Karyotypes of three species of the marine Veneroida molluscs显示文摘The karyotypes of three species of marine Veneroida molluscs, Solen grandis Dunker, Saxidomus purpuratus Sowerby and Mactra chinensis Philippi were studied by using the adult gill tissues. The chromosomes were prepared through injecting phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and colchicine, hypotonic treatment, chopping air-dry, and squashing technology. The results show that the diploid chromosome numbers of the three Veneroida species are the same as 2n=38. The karyotype of Solen grandis is 26m+6sm+2st+4t, NF=70, the karyotype of Saxidomus purpuratus is 32m+2sm+4st/t, NF=72, and the karyotype of Mactra chinensis is 20m+16sm+2st/t, NF=74. Satellite and sex chromosome were not found among the chromosomes of three species. | Sun Zhenxing1, Shao Yanqun1, Guo Shengchao1, Qin Yan1, Yang Aiguo2 1. Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Yantai Normal University, Yantai 264025, China. 2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao 266071, China. | 2003 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2003，22，4： | 3 |
| 16 | GLOBAL WEAK SOLUTION TO COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS WITH DENSITY-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY,VACUUM AND GRAVITATIONAL FORCE显示文摘Recently,the global existence of weak solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with vacuum has attracted much attention.In this paper,we study the one-dimension isentropic Navier-Stokes equations with gravitational force and fixed boundary condition when the density connects with vacuum discontinuously.We prove the global existence and the uniqueness of weak solution,requiring less regularity of the initial data. | Sun Yuejuan (Dept.of Math.,Shangqiu Normal University,Shangqiu 476000,Henan) Zheng Xiying (Dept.of Math.and Physics,Yellow River Technical College,Zhengzhou 450052) | 2008 | Annals of Differential Equations2008，24，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Water impoundment modes of flood utilization for the Songnen Plain显示文摘Taking the Songnen Plain as the research region and basing on the structural division of river water resources, the impounding models of flood water utilization are proposed. Considering the water requirement, potential impoundage and the degree of risk, two modes of the flood water utilization are developed: full impounding and partial impounding. A risk assessment method is put forward according to variation of the flood storage capacity before and after impounding water. A representative hydrological year is taken as an example to analyze the application of the model at the downstream of the Nenjiang River. It is found that the model is very useful for the flood utilization and protection. For flood utilization, the spring drought can be relieved and the risk of impounding water is also acceptable. For flood protection, the river flood peak can be largely reduced and the impounding water can increase the river discharge at the low water period, at the same time the structure of river water resources can be improved as well. | XU ShiGuo1 & LI WenYi1,2 1 Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 2 Yellow River Shandong Bureauy, Jinan 250011, China | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，5： | 2 |
| 18 | On the variation of water resource structure in the Lower Yellow River显示文摘In view of river functions and the Minimum Water Demand for River Ecosystem (MWDRE), the water resources in the Lower Yellow River is further divided into three portions, i.e. water available for ecosystem (WE), water exploitable for socioeconomic purposes (WS) and excess flood water (WF). Corresponding conceptions and practical significances are expounded in details. The annual amount of the three portions of water resources from 1950 to 2001 is worked out on the basis of the daily hydrologic data, and the division of different portions is discussed. The results indicate that although the essential water demand for river functions is considered preferentially, the amount of the WE has decreased dramatically while its proportion increased gradually since the 1950s, and the shortage to the MWDRE increased markedly; both the amount and the proportion of the WS decreased notably. Since the 1990s, the actual water consumption for socioeconomic purposes in the lower reaches of the river basin has already exceeded the maximum amount of the WS and has to take over the WE which is already insufficient, hence not only the normal river functions are further disturbed and the river course shrinks greatly, but also the proportion and potential danger of the WF show no decreasing tendency in spite of the sharp decrease of upstream runoff. | NI Jinren1, WANG Yudong1, QIAN Zhenghan1, LI Tianhong1 & ZHAO Yean2 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University The Key Laboratory of Water and Sedi- ment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China 2. Institute of Hydraulic Research, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450003, China | 2004 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2004，47，z1： | 2 |
| 19 | 黄河流域水土保持蓄水保土效益计算显示文摘新中国建立以来,黄河流域的水土保持工作取得了显著成效。采用水保法计算、水文法校对,1950~1987年,黄河流域各项水保措施累计蓄水量为259.7亿m^3。1970~1987年年平均蓄水量12.9亿m^3,是1950~1969年年平均蓄水量1.36亿m^3的9倍多。38年累计拦泥保土量为70.22亿t,其中后18年年平均拦泥3.12亿t,约占黄河陕县站多年平均输沙量16亿t的20%。在所拦的泥沙中,有75%的集中分布在陕晋蒙接壤地区,46%的集中分布在陕北。按措施分析,则梯田(包括条田、埝地)占14.5%,坝地占76.8%,林草占9.9%。文章还对坝地减轻侵蚀的作用进行了讨论,分析了水土保持在减少入黄泥沙中的作用,并指出了开荒、开矿、修路等造成新的水土流失对水土保持效益的影响。 | Middle Yellow River Management Bureau, YRCC | 1990 | 中国水土保持1990，，5： | 2 |
| 20 | Efficiency of sediment transport by flood and its control in the Lower Yellow River显示文摘This paper presents the characteristics of sediment transport by flood in the Lower Yellow River with the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun, which is regarded as a typical braided pattern. The Artificial Neural Network Model on Water Use for Sediment Transport (WUST) by flood was established based on the measured data from 1980 to 1998. Consequently, simulations of controlling process of sediment transport by flood were made in terms of the control theory under different scenarios. According to the situation of sediment transport by flood in the Lower Yellow River, Open-Loop control system and feedback control system were adopted in system design. In the Open-Loop control system, numerical simulations were made to reveal the relationship between average discharge of flood and the WUST with varying sediment concentrations. The results demonstrate that sediment concentration has significant influence on the controlling process of flood flow to WUST. It is practical and efficient to control WUST if sediment concentration is less than 20 kg/m3. In the feedback control system, controlling processes of sediment concentration and flood discharge for sediment transport were simulated respectively under given conditions, and it was found that sediment transport process could be controlled completely by sediment concentration and discharge at the inlet of the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun. Using the same method, controlling processes of sediment transport by flood in other reaches in the Lower Yellow River were also simulated. For the case of sediment concentration being 20 kg/m3, the optimized controlling discharge ranges from 2390 to 2900 m3/s in the lower reach of Huayuankou. This study is also of significance to flood control and flushing sediment in the Lower Yellow River with proper operation modes of Xiaolangdi Reservoir. | NI Jinren1, LIU Xiaoyong2, LI Tianhong1, ZHAO Ye’an3 & JIN Ling1 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University The Key Laboratory of Water and Sedi- ment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China 2. General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Re- sources, Beijing 100011, China 3. The Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450003, China | 2004 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2004，47，z1： | 2 |
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