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| 1 | LAGFD-WAM numerical wave model-Ⅰ. Basic physical model显示文摘The LAGFD-WAM wave model is a third generation wave model. In the present paper the physical aspect of the model was shown in great detail including energy spectrum balance equation, complicated characteristics equations and source functions. | Yuan Yeli, Hua Feng, Pan Zengdi Sun Letao First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266003, China | 1991 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1991，10，4： | 46 |
| 2 | Influences of the surface wave-induced mixing and tidal mixing on the vertical temperature structure of the Yellow and East China Seas in summer显示文摘在影响垂直混合的物理过程的一个分类以后,扩散性由表面波浪动量和潮汐的水流导致了,它对垂直温度结构的影响被讨论。在三上基于混合计划黄和华东海(YECS ) 的垂直温度结构被模仿。结果在夏天显示出那,导致波浪的混合玩的表面处于良好的竟技状态在 YECS 的上面的混合的层的一个关键角色。潮汐的混合在底部上面在 30 m 以内控制更低的层,它是处于良好的竟技状态在南部的黄海(YS ) 的塑造站台的温度结构的主要因素。和强壮的表面导致波浪的混合,潮汐的混合让 thermocline 在南部的 YS 的东方海岸附近通气。在东方脊骨海的更深的层的双冷核心有不同原因。西方的是冬季寒冷水的维护,当东方的被循环设置时。有表面的 YECS 的模仿的垂直温度结构导致波浪的混合并且潮汐的混合有类似的特征到观察,它显示这些混合过程是在模仿沿海的海洋的 thermocline 和 pycnocline 的关键因素。 | QIAO Fangli MA Jian XIA Changshui YANG Yongzeng YUAN Yeli | 2006 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2006，16，7： | 14 |
| 3 | The role of surface waves in the ocean mixed layer显示文摘Previously,most ocean circulation models have overlooked the role of the surface waves.As a result,these models have produced insufficient vertical mixing,with an under-prediction of the mixing layer(ML)depth and an over-prediction of the sea surface temperature(SST),particularly during the summer season.As the ocean surface layer determines the lower boundary conditions of the atmosphere,this deficiency has severely limited the performance of the coupled ocean-atmospheric models and hence the climate studies.To overcome this shortcoming,a new parameterization for the wave effects in the ML model that will correct this systematic error of insufficient mixing.The new scheme has enabled the mixing layer to deepen,the surface excessive heating to be corrected,and an excellent agreement with observed global climatologic data.The study indicates that the surface waves are essential for ML formation,and that they are the primer drivers of the upper ocean dynamics;therefore,they are critical for climate studies. | QIAO Fangli YANG Yongzeng XIA Changshui YUAN Yeli | 2008 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2008，27，3： | 13 |
| 4 | An improvement of the too cold tongue in the tropical Pacific with the development of an ocean-wave-atmosphere coupled numerical model显示文摘在没有流动修正的联合海洋空气将军发行量模型(CGCM ) 的申请的一个普通问题是模仿的赤道的冷舌头一般来说趋于太强壮,狭窄,并且向西延长太远。原因还很好没被理解。一个可能的原因可以是模仿的混合的层深度(MLD ) 由于在 OGCM 的不够的垂直混合在热带太平洋是太浅的。导致波浪的垂直混合罐头极大地改进 MLD 和 thermocline 结构的模拟,这被相信。在这研究,与导致波浪的混合合并的联合海洋空气将军发行量模特儿(FGCM-0 ) 被雇用了模仿热带和平的海表面温度(SST ) 。通常,因为,导致波浪的混合在 OGCM 降低 SST 加强的垂直混合能向上带更多的冷水。在联合模型,然而,在 SST 落下的空间分发的不一致产生海表面空气压力的一个水平坡度,并且因此产出表面风领域异例。风异例导致两个海洋表面发行量异例,并且在能制止的 welling 异例下面过分向西在热带太平洋的冷舌头的扩展。与从原来的模型(FGCM-0 ) 的模型结果相比,建模的 SST 由超过 0.8 ° C 是更高的,与在西方的太平洋的 1.2 ° C 的最大值(160-180 ° E, 0-3 ° N ) 。26.0 ° C 的等温线的东方边界也从 165 ° E 搬到 180 ° E。过分,向西,模仿的赤道的冷舌头的扩展与在联合模型的导致波浪的混合的加入被压制。模仿的 SST 表演一般来说与超过 1 的最大的改进改进了结果。0 ° C。在向北热带的太平洋的模仿的 SST 改进比向南热带的太平洋的好一些。 | Song Zhenya Qiao Fangli Yang Yongzeng Yuan Yeli | 2007 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2007，17，5： | 13 |
| 5 | LAGFD-WAM numerical wave model- Ⅱ. Characteristics inlaid scheme and its application显示文摘In this paper the parameterizational approach of nonlinear source function and the implicit scheme of the model are discussed in detail. The matching problem is solved between time and space steps using the characteristics inlaid scheme with very strong physical meaning. The computational comparison in typical winds shows some improvements to the WAM model. That the hindcast results of the model for typhoon cases are in good agreement with real data illustrates its applicability to wave forecast and engineering study. | Yuan Yeli, Hua Feng, Pan Zengdi Sun Letao First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266003, China | 1992 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1992，11，1： | 10 |
| 6 | A new type of internal solitary waves with a re-appearance period of 23 h observed in the South China Sea显示文摘The South China Sea (SCS), in particular the northern SCS, is one of ocean areas where energetic internal solitary waves (ISWs)occur most frequently (Cai et al., 2012; Zheng, 2017). Based on the re-appearance period (RP) at an observation station, Ramp et al.(2004) divided the ISWs into two types:Type-a and Type-b. Type-a ISWs arrive regularly at the same time every day, i.e., the RP is about 24 h, and Type-b ISWs arrive about one hour late every day, i.e., the RP is about 25 h. The discovery of the Types-a and b | CHEN Liang ZHENG Quanan XIONG Xuejun YUAN Yeli XIE Huarong | 2018 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2018，37，9： | 7 |
| 7 | Analytical estimation of mixing coefficient induced by surface wave-generated turbulence based on the equilibrium solution of the second-order turbulence closure model显示文摘Based on the equations of motion and the assumption that ocean turbulence is of isotropy or quasi-isotropy, we derived the closure equations of the second-order moments and the variation equations for characteristic quantities, which describe the mechanisms of advection transport and shear instability by the sum of wave-like and eddy-like motions and circulation. Given that ocean turbulence generated by wave breaking is dominant at the ocean surface, we presented the boundary conditions of the turbulence kinetic energy and its dissipation rate, which are determined by energy loss from wave breaking and entrainment depth respectively. According to the equilibrium solution of the variation equations and available data of the dissipation rate, we obtained an analytical estimation of the characteristic quantities of surface-wave-generated turbulence in the upper ocean and its related mixing coefficient. The derived kinetic dissipation rate was validated by field measurements qualitatively and quantitatively, and the mixing coefficient had fairly good consistency with previous results based on the Prandtl mixing length theory. | YUAN YeLi QIAO FangLi YIN XunQiang HAN Lei | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，1： | 7 |
| 8 | Modeling of the eddy viscosity by breaking waves显示文摘Breaking wave induced nearsurface turbulence has important consequences for many physical and biochemical processes including water column and nutrients mixing,heat and gases exchange across air-sea interface.The energy loss from wave breaking and the bubble plume penetration depth are estimated.As a consequence,the vertical distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy(TKE),the TKE dissipation rate and the eddy viscosity induced by wave breaking are also provided.It is indicated that model results are found to be consistent with the observational evidence that most TKE generated by wave breaking is lost within a depth of a few meters near the sea surface.High turbulence level with intensities of eddy viscosity induced by breaking is nearly four orders larger than υwl(=κuwz),the value predicted for the wall layer scaling close to the surface,where uw is the friction velocity in water,κ with 0.4 is the von Kármán constant,and z is the water depth,and the strength of the eddy viscosity depends both on wind speed and sea state,and decays rapidly through the depth.This leads to the conclusion that the breaking wave induced vertical mixing is mainly limited to the near surface layer,well above the classical values expected from the similarity theory.Deeper down,however,the effects of wave breaking on the vertical mixing become less important. | ZHANG Shuwen YUAN Yeli ZHENG Quan' an | 2007 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2007，26，6： | 6 |
| 9 | Dynamical analysis of mesoscale eddy-induced ocean internal waves using linear theories显示文摘This study aims to explore generation mechanisms of the ocean internal wave using the dynamical analysis methods based on linear theories.Historical cruise measurements and recent synthetic aperture radar(SAR)observations of mesoscale eddies with diameter of several tens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers show that the internal wave packets with wavelength of hundreds of meters to kilometer exist inside the mesoscale eddies.This coexistence phenomenon and inherent links between the two different scale processes are revealed in the solutions of governing equations and boundary conditions for the internal wave disturbance with a horizontally slowly variable amplitude in a cylindrical coordinate system.The theoretical solutions indicate that the instability of eddy current field provides the dynamical mechanism to internal wave generation.The derived dispersion relation indicates that the internal wave propagation is modified by the eddy current field structure.The energy equation of the internal waves clearly shows the internal wave energy increment comes from the eddy.The theoretical models are used to explain the observation of the mesoscale eddy-induced internal waves off the Norwegian coast.The two-dimensional waveform solution of the anticyclonic eddy-induced internal wave packet appears as ring-shaped curves,which contains the typical features of eddy stream lines.The comparison of theoretical solutions to the structure of the internal wave packets on SAR image shows a good agreement on the major features. | XU Qing ZHENG Quanan LIN Hui LIU Yuguang SONG Y Tony YUAN Yeli | 2008 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2008，27，3： | 3 |
| 10 | Observations and analysis of environment and acoustic field changed by the passage of typhoon Damrey in the Yellow Sea in 2012显示文摘In order to investigate the environment and acoustic filed change induced by typhoon in shallow sea, we conducted two experiments just before and after the passage of typhoon Damrey, which is the strongest to affect the area north of the Yangtze River since 1949, in the Yellow sea in 2012. The data show that the temperature of the whole water column increases dramatically except the sea surface layer after the passage of Damrey while the salinity decreases obviously. The thermocline deepens and weakens, which leads to a change of internal wave activity. The transmission losses(TL) of the two experiments show that the environment change induced by typhoon can increase the TL as large as 8 d B at a distance of 9.2 km and depth of 15 m. The scintillation index(SI) of the sound intensity is simulated to estimate the change of the effect of internal wave activity on acoustic field showing that the SI decreases to a half after the typhoon's passage. The normal mode structures of the two experiments are also significantly different due to the thermocline changes. In addition, the signal arrives earlier after the typhoon's passage due to the water temperature increase. | YANG GuangBing Lü LianGang YUAN YeLi JIANG Ying LIU ZongWei YANG ChunMei LIU HongNing CHEN Zhao | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，12： | 3 |
| 11 | Mooring observed mode-2 internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea显示文摘The mode-2 internal solitary waves(ISWs)generated by mode-2 internal tide(IT)are identified by mooring observations in the northern South China Sea(SCS)from 2016 to 2017.Two mode-2 ISWs with a re-appearance period of 24.9 h observed on 29 and 30 July 2016 are characterized by type-b ISWs.They occurred when the isotherms compressed obviously in the vertical direction.Modal decomposition of IT horizontal currents shows that the vertical compression of the isotherms is mainly caused by diurnal mode-2 IT.The analysis of the role of the density stratification reveals that a deeper and thinner pycnocline is favorable for generation of mode-2 ISWs rather than pycnocline intensity.By comparing the mode-2 nonlinear,dispersion coefficients and the Ursell numbers calculated based on the stratification associated with different kinds of ITs with the observation results,it is shown that the diurnal mode-2 IT plays a crucial role in the generation of the mode-2 ISWs.When the diurnal mode-2 IT interacts with the semidiurnal IT and causes a deeper and thinner pycnocline,the mode-2 ISWs are easily excited. | Liang Chen Xuejun Xiong Quanan Zheng Yeli Yuan Long Yu Yanliang Guo Guangbing Yang Xia Ju Jia Sun Zhenli Hui | 2020 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2020，39，11： | 3 |
| 12 | Multi-core structure of the main part of the Kuroshio at G-PN section in the East China Sea显示文摘Sectional velocity distribution of the East China Sea Kuroshio is one of the basic points in the study of the Kuroshio. Hydrographic temperature and salinity data at G-PN section in the East China Sea from June 1955 to November 2001 are collected and properly processed to calculate the geostrophic cur-rent using dynamic height method at the transect of the Kuroshio. After analysis of calculation results, the basic current structure of the Kuroshio in its main part is examined together with scalar estimate and char-acters of multi- core structure, and spacial-temporal variations of current cores’ position. Main result shows that (1) single-core structure, double-core structure and multi-core structure are basic forms in axial part of the Kuroshio; (2) abvious temporal varia-tions exist in current structure of the Kuroshio; (3) the current of structure of the Kuroshio has distinctly seasonal association. The number of current cores is on the high side of core numbers in average and multi-core stucture appears in fall mostly. | CHEN Hongxia YUAN Yeli HUA Feng | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，6： | 3 |
| 13 | Dissipation source function and an improvement to LAGFD-WAM model显示文摘In this paper, a new theoretical expression of dissipation term is presented on the basis of statistical model of breaking wave, which is an improvement to LAGFD-WAM wave model. The computational results in three typical wind fields show a good improvement to LAGFD-WAM model and a better accuracy in comparison with the observed data in the South China Sea. | Yuan Yeli, Hua Feng, Pan Zengdi and Sun Letao 1. First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266003, China | 1992 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1992，11，4： | 2 |
| 14 | SIMULATION OF GENERAL CIRCULATION IN THE EAST CHINA SEA AND THE YELLOW SEA显示文摘Based on a three-dimensional primitive equation dynamic numerical mod-el,the general circulation in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea is studied with a O.25°×0.25°horizontal grid and a realistic bottom topography.As the first step,we con-sider the tidel current and Kuroshio(Japan current).The main results are:1)the modeltidal harmonic constants agree surprisingly well with the observations at the 81 coastlinestations in this area.The average amplitude difference is 1.7cm and the average phase dif-ference is 5.2°for the diurnal component,and those for the semi-diurnal tide 4.1 cm and3.7 °2)the path of the Kuroshio agrees with long—term observations; 3)after enteringthe studied area, a branch of the Kuroshio enters the East China Sea.This pattern agreeswith the nation-wide comprehensive ocean investigations; 4)a branch of the Kuroshiogoes northward and forms the Tsushima warm current,and the origin of Tsushima warmcurrent is multi-source.In the Tsushima Strait,the warm current goes into the Sea | Qiao, Fangli Masataka, Watanabe Yuan, Yeli Wang, Zhenwen | 1998 | Journal of Hydrodynamics1998，10，3： | 2 |
| 15 | Principal-component estimates of the Kuroshio Current axis and path based on the mathematical verification between satellite altimeter and drifting buoy data显示文摘We used satellite altimetry data to investigate the Kuroshio Current because of the higher resolution and wider range of observations. In previous studies, satellite absolute geostrophic velocities were used to study the spatiotemporal variability of the sea surface velocity field along the current, and extraction methods were employed to detect the Kuroshio axes and paths. However, sea surface absolute geostrophic velocity estimated from absolute dynamic topography should be regarded as the geostrophic component of the actual surface velocity, which cannot represent a sea surface current accurately. In this study, mathematical verification between the climatic absolute geostrophic and bin-averaged drifting buoy velocity was established and then adopted to correct the satellite absolute geostrophic velocities. There were some differences in the characteristics between satellite geostrophic and drifting buoy velocities. As a result, the corrected satellite absolute geostrophic velocities were used to detect the Kuroshio axis and path based on a principal-component detection scheme. The results showed that the detection of the Kuroshio axes and paths from corrected absolute geostrophic velocities performed better than those from satellite absolute geostrophic velocities and surface current estimations. The corrected satellite absolute geostrophic velocity may therefore contribute to more precise day-to-day detection of the Kuroshio Current axis and path. | Zhanpeng Zhuang Zhenli Hui Guangbing Yang Xinhua Zhao Yeli Yuan | 2020 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2020，39，1： | 2 |
| 16 | Can the Shanghai LNG Price Index indicate Chinese market?An econometric investigation using price discovery theory显示文摘China became the world's second largest liquefied natural gas(LNG)importer in 2018 but has faced extremely high import costs due to a lack of bargaining power.Assessments of the Shanghai LNG Price Index,first released in 2015,are vital for improving the understanding of these cost dynamics.This paper,using the LNG price index data from the Shanghai Petroleum and Gas Exchange(SHPGX)coupled with domestic and international LNG prices from July 1,2015 to December 31,2018,estimates several econometric models to evaluate the long-term and short-term equilibriums of the Shanghai LNG Price Index,the responses to market information shocks and the leading or lagging relationships with LNG and alternative energy prices from other agencies.The results show that the LNG price index of the SHPGX has already exhibited a long-term equilibrium and short-term adjustment mechanisms to reflect the average price level and market movements,but the market information transparency and price discovery efficiency of the index are still inadequate.China's LNG market is still relatively independent of other natural gas markets,and marketization reforms are under way in China.The influence of the SHPGX LNG price index on the trading decisions of market participants is expected to improve with further development of China's LNG reforms,the formation of a natural gas entry-exit system,and the increasing liquidity of the hub. | Yeli ZENG Cong DONG Mikael HOOK Jinhua SUN Danyang SHI | 2020 | Frontiers in Energy2020，14，4： | 2 |
| 17 | Reliability of ultrasound ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system amongst less experienced readers before and after training显示文摘BACKGROUND The 2018 ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system(O-RADS)guidelines are aimed at providing a system for consistent reports and risk stratification for ovarian lesions found on ultrasound.It provides key characteristics and findings for lesions,a lexicon of descriptors to communicate findings,and risk characterization and associated follow-up recommendation guidelines.However,the ORADS guidelines have not been validated in North American institutions or amongst less experienced readers.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and inter-reader reliability of ultrasound ORADS risk stratification amongst less experienced readers in a North American institution with and without pre-test training.METHODS A single-center retrospective study was performed using 100 ovarian/adnexal lesions of varying O-RADS scores.Of these cases,50 were allotted to a training cohort and 50 to a testing cohort via a non-randomized group selection process in order to approximately equal distribution of O-RADS categories both within and between groups.Reference standard O-RADS scores were established through consensus of three fellowship-trained body imaging radiologists.Three PGY-4 residents were independently evaluated for diagnostic accuracy and inter-reader reliability with and without pre-test O-RADS training.Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value(NPV),and area under the curve(AUC)were used to measure accuracy.Fleiss kappa and weighted quadratic(pairwise)kappa values were used to measure inter-reader reliability.Statistical significance was P<0.05.RESULTS Mean patient age was 40±16 years with lesions ranging from 1.2 to 22.5 cm.Readers demonstrated excellent specificities(85%-100%pre-training and 91%-100%post-training)and NPVs(89%-100%pre-training and 91-100%post-training)across the O-RADS categories.Sensitivities were variable(55%-100%pre-training and 64%-100%post-training)with malignant ORADS 4 and 5 Lesions pre-training and post-training AUC values of 0.87-0.95 and 0.94-098,respectively(P<0.001).Nineteen of 22(86%)misclassified cases in pre-training were related to mischaracterization of dermoid features or wall/septation morphology.Fifteen of 17(88%)of posttraining misclassified cases were related to one of these two errors.Fleiss kappa inter-reader reliability was‘good’and pairwise inter-reader reliability was‘very good’with pre-training and post-training assessment(k=0.76 and 0.77;and k=0.77-0.87 and 0.85-0.89,respectively).CONCLUSION Less experienced readers in North America achieved excellent specificities and AUC values with very good pairwise inter-reader reliability.They may be subject to misclassification of potentially malignant lesions,and specific training around dermoid features and smooth vs irregular inner wall/septation morphology may improve sensitivity. | Prayash Katlariwala Mitchell P Wilson Yeli Pi Baljot S Chahal Roger Croutze Deelan Patel Vimal Patel Gavin Low | 2022 | World Journal of Radiology2022，14，9： | 2 |
| 18 | Shear-Flow Induced Secondary Circulation in Parallel Underwater Topographic Corrugation and Its Application to Satellite Image Interpretation显示文摘This study aims to figure out satellite imaging mechanisms for submerged sand ridges in the shallow water region in the case of the flow parallel to the topography corrugation.Solving the disturbance governing equations of the shear-flow yields the analytical solutions of the secondary circulation.The solutions indicate that a flow with a parabolic horizontal velocity shear and a sinusoidal vertical velocity shear will induce a pair of vortexes with opposite signs distributed symmetrically on the two sides of central line of a rectangular canal.In the case of the presence of surface Ekman layer with the direction of Ekman current opposite to(coincident with) the mean flow,the two vortexes converge(diverge) at the central line of canal in the upper layer and form a surface current convergent(divergent) zone along the central line of the canal.In the case of the absence of surface Ekman layer,there is no convergent(divergent) zone formed over the sea surface.The theoretical results are applied to interpretations of three convergent cases,one divergent case and statistics of 27 cases of satellite observations in the submerged sand ridge region of the Liaodong Shoal in the Bohai Sea.We found that the long,finger-like,bright patterns on SAR images are corresponding to the locations of the canals(or tidal channels) formed by two adjacent sand ridges rather than the sand ridges themselves. | ZHENG Quanan ZHAO Qing YUAN Yeli LIU Xian HU Jianyu LIU Xuehai YIN Liping YE Xiaomin | 2012 | Journal of Ocean University of China2012，11，4： | 2 |
| 19 | Scattering Process of Internal Waves Propagating over a Subcritical Strait Slope onto a Shelf Region显示文摘The scattering process, which means the redistribution of energy fluy in modenumber space, is analyzed for internal waves propagating from the abyssal ocean onto a subcritical strait slope and then a shelf region. In light of Wunsch's work, the waves are analytically expressed as superimposition of eigensolutions. Two parameters have evident effects on the distribution of energy flux in the shelf region: one is the ratio of water depth in the shelf region to that in the abyssal ocean and the other is the ratio of the slope of the internal tide rays to the topographic slope. Generally, there are two patterns of energy flux distribution: the energy flux is focused around one modenumber or focused around two modenumbers. In any case, the range of modenumbers where energy flux is distributed is narrow. | DAI Dejun WANG Wei QIAO Fangli YUAN Yeli | 2005 | Journal of Ocean University of China2005，4，4： | 2 |
| 20 | Numerical experiments of HAB inducement in Qingdao adjacent coastal area显示文摘A three-dimension ecological dynamic model was established to numerically study the relationship of HAB and environmental conditions.The numerical experiments showed that the growth of diatom,the dominant HAB specie,was mainly restricted by phosphate and silicate.If the concentrations of phosphate and silicate reach 17-25 μg/L and 300-375 μg/L respectively,the water is in a state of eutrophication.When phosphate and silicate up to 26-32 μg/L and 350-500 μg/L respectively,HAB could be induced.The major regions of HAB occurrence are Jiaozhou Bay mouth,coastal bays,and coastal area from Maidao to Shilaoren.To avoid HAB occurrence,concentration of phosphate and silicate should not exceed 17-20 μg/L and 300 μg/L as a whole.Reasonable control of pollutant discharge is a key point to prevent water eutrophication and HAB occurrence. | LIU Xuehai LI Ruixiang YUAN Yeli | 2010 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2010，29，5： | 2 |
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